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Neurobehavior > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

neuraxis

A

the line of our spinal cord from top to bottom

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2
Q

anterior/rostral

A

toward the head

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3
Q

posterior/caudal

A

toward the tail

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4
Q

dorsal

A

toward top of head or back

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5
Q

ventral

A

toward the front surface surface facing ground (belly)

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6
Q

medial

A

towards the middle (neuraxis)

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7
Q

ipsilateral

A

on the same side of your body

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8
Q

contralateral

A

on the opposite side of the body

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9
Q

unilateral

A

one side

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10
Q

bilateral

A

two sides

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11
Q

proximal

A

nearest point of attachment to limb or structure (close proximity)

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12
Q

distal

A

farthest away from attachment or origin (more distance)

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13
Q

coronal

A

cross section dividing the body into dorsal and ventral parts.

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14
Q

horizontal

A

parallel to ground

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15
Q

sagittal plane

A

perpendicular to the ground and parallel to neuraxis

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16
Q

midsagittal plane

A

divides brain into equal halves.

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17
Q

nervous system

A

helps the body communicate through through the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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18
Q

3 levels of protection to the brain

A

skull, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid

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19
Q

skull/cranium structure

A

made like a jigsaw puzzle, 8 bones total

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20
Q

weakest point of the brain

A

pterion

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21
Q

strongest point of the brain

A

jawbone

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22
Q

Meninges - 3 parts

A

PAD: Pia matter, arachnoid membrane, dura matter

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23
Q

dura matter

A

outer layer - thick and tough

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24
Q

arachnoid membrane

A

middle layer - soft and spongey

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25
pia matter
around every surface - contains small surface cells
26
CSF/Ventricular system provides what 3 things?
protection, nourishment, and waste remove
27
what produces and secrets cerebrospinal fluid
the choroid plexus in the ventricular system
28
what is an obstructive hydrocephalus
blockage in the ventricular system or a squeezing that prevents flow of CSF.
29
brain usage breakdown
20% of total resting oxygen 15-20% of total blood flow goes to the brain 60% of glucose metabolism
30
brain energy division
Approx. 25% = maintaining neurons and glial cells Approx. 75% = electrical signaling across the brain’s circuits
31
Neural tube
serves as the embryonic brain and spinal cord the, the central nervous system.
32
Neuronal Migration
brings neuronal cells to their appropriate locations.
33
Apoptosis
planned and purposeful neuronal cell death (umbilical cord)
34
Synaptic Pruning
a natural process that occurs in the brain between early childhood and adulthood. During synaptic pruning, the brain eliminates extra synapses.
35
Difficulties with Synaptic Pruning (2 diagnoses associated)
Schizophrenia correlated with decreased synapses Autism correlated with increased synapses
36
Largest component of the brain
Telencephalon - includes the left and right hemispheres
37
4 lobes of the brain
Frontal Parietal Temporal Occipital
38
where are the hemispheres joined?
corpus callosum
39
sulci
small groves
40
fissures
large grooves
41
gyri
bulges between the sulk and fissures
42
necrosis
unplanned and uncontrolled cell death (chemotherapy/radiation)
43
3 major divisions
forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
44
forebrain
higher level functioning processes - thinking
45
diencephalon
thalamus & Hypothalamus - deep in the brain connects forebrain to hindbrain
46
convolutions (3)
sulci, fissures, gyri
47
Cortex Components (4)
glia, cell bodies, dendrites & axons
48
glia
supportive and nourishing cells
49
what makes up myelin? (percentage)
80% lipids, 20% protein
50
what does myelin do?
increase speed of action potentials in synapses and provides insulation
51
Central Sulcus
boundary between the frontal and parietal lob and the motor and sensory cortex
52
where is the PREcentral Gyrus located?
Primary Motor Cortex
53
where is the POSTcentral Gyrus located?
Somatosensory cortex
54
Somatosensory cortex processes all senses expect for which two?
smell and taste
55
Frontal Lobe
social conduct - executive fxns (emo regulation, planning, reasoning, inhibitory control etc.), personality
56
Prefrontal Cortex
planning and strategizing, along with empathy and guilt
57
homunculus
shows a model of how much Brian tissue is devoted to sensory/motor information in a particular area.
58
Parietal Lobe
integrating sensory information, including touch, temperature, pressure and pain.
59
Temporal Lobe
primary auditory cortex - processing sensory information, particularly important for hearing, recognizing language, and forming memories.
60
Occipital Lobe
primary visual cortex - visual processing (depth, distance, location)
61
4 parts of the limbic system
thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus
62
thalamus
relay station (diencephalon)
63
hypothalamus
homeostasis (diencephalon)
64
amygdala
emotional center
65
hippocampus
seahorse shaped - formation of new memories
66
damage to the hippocampus
memory loss, disorientation, mood swings, and Alzheimer's
67
PTSD has increased activity in the:
amygdala
68
psychopathy has decreased activity in the:
amygdala
69
Basal Ganglia
part of the limbic system - controls motor control, motor learning, exec. functioning, and emotions
70
Substantia Nigra produces what?
dopamine
71
what does dopamine modulate?
the basil ganglia functioning
72
Suppression of Motor Function causes what?
decreased purposeful movement.
73
dopamine dysfunctions can cause:
movement disorders (i.e., Parkinson's, dystonia, chorea, and tics).
74
childhood adversity can cause:
lower levels of grey matter in the amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex
75
extreme neglect can cause:
decreased brain activation

Neurobehavior (17 decks)

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