Week 7 pt. 2 - TBI

Question 1

2 Primary Types of TBI

Answer 1

Closed & Penetrating

Question 2

Type of TBI:
Damage to the axons/neurons. An injury to the brain with no break in the skull.
Ex. Shaken Baby syndrome

Answer 2

Closed BI

Question 3

Type of TBI:
The skull is broken/fractured -
open head injuries where there is a break in the skull.

Answer 3

Penetrating BI

Question 4

the shearing (tearing) of the brain’s long connecting nerve fibers (axons) that happens when the brain is injured as it shifts and rotates inside the bony skull.

Answer 4

Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI)

Question 5

Primary injury

Answer 5

initial incident that causes injury

Question 6

Secondary injury

Answer 6

issues created due to the initial injury

Question 7

Produces neurodegeneration due to repeated head trauma.

Answer 7

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)

Question 8

With CTE, Mood and cognitive impairment can appear ________
after the injury occurred.

Answer 8

years

Question 9

CTE confirmed through what kind of examination?

Answer 9

post-mortem examination of the brain

Question 10

Mild TBI:
How long unconscious?
Rating on the Glasgow scale?
How long for post-traumatic amnesia?

Answer 10

• less than 30 min of unconsciousness
• 13-15 on the Glasgow scale
• less than 24 hours of post-traumatic amnesia

Question 11

Moderate TBI:
How long unconscious?
Rating on Glasgow scale?
How long for post-traumatic amnesia?

Answer 11

• 30-45 min of unconsciousness
• 9-12 on the Glasgow scale
• 1-7 days of post-traumatic amnesia

Question 12

Severe TBI:
How long unconscious?
Rating on the Glasgow scale?
How long for post-traumatic amnesia?

Answer 12

• more than 24 hours of unconsciousness
• 3-8 on the Glasgow scale
• more than 7 days of post-traumatic amnesia

Question 13

Glasgow coma scale focuses on what three things?

Answer 13

• best motor responses
• eye opening
• verbal responses

Question 14

Limitations of the Glasgow coma scale? (6)
IS HAIL

Answer 14

• Injury to eye
• Substance use
• Hemiplegia (paralysis on one side)
• Administered drugs
• Intubation
• Language

Question 15

State of confusion and disorientation that occurs immediately after TBI, is a part of the healing process

Answer 15

post-traumatic amnesia

Question 16

How does post-traumatic amnesia present? (5)

Answer 16

• Confused and disoriented (may recall their name or semantic knowledge)
• Childlike/clingy behavior
• Confabulation
• Agitation & aggression
• Inability to recognize loved ones

Question 17

scale (1-10) used to describe the cognitive and behavioral patterns found in brain injury patients as they recover from injury.

Answer 17

Rancho Los Amigos Scale – Revised (RLAS-R)

Question 18

Most well-designed studies, using a representative, non-clinically referred study sample show cognitive changes after MILD TBI resolve within?

Answer 18

weeks to 3 months spontaneously (without treatment), while changes tend to persist ≥ 2 years following moderate to severe TBI.

Question 19

Non-Injury Risk Factors that can influence TBI outcomes (6)

PLANE M

Answer 19

• Pre-injury Psychiatric status & Conduct issues/incarceration
• Level of Education
• Age at Injury
• Other non-neurological injuries sustained
• Stable employment 6 months pre-injury
• Marital status

Question 20

Best predictor of return to employment post-injury

Answer 20

Stable employment 6 months pre-injury

Question 21

what 2 scales on the MMPI-2-RF would show elevations for someone hyper focused on their illness

Answer 21

1. FBS
   Symptom Validity Scale — Non- credible somatic and cognitive complaints
2. RBS
   Response Bias Scale — Exaggerated memory complaints