Week 7 pt. 2 - TBI Flashcards
2 Primary Types of TBI
Closed & Penetrating
Type of TBI:
Damage to the axons/neurons. An injury to the brain with no break in the skull.
Ex. Shaken Baby syndrome
Closed BI
Type of TBI:
The skull is broken/fractured -
open head injuries where there is a break in the skull.
Penetrating BI
the shearing (tearing) of the brain’s long connecting nerve fibers (axons) that happens when the brain is injured as it shifts and rotates inside the bony skull.
Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI)
Primary injury
initial incident that causes injury
Secondary injury
issues created due to the initial injury
Produces neurodegeneration due to repeated head trauma.
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)
With CTE, Mood and cognitive impairment can appear ________
after the injury occurred.
years
CTE confirmed through what kind of examination?
post-mortem examination of the brain
Mild TBI:
How long unconscious?
Rating on the Glasgow scale?
How long for post-traumatic amnesia?
- less than 30 min of unconsciousness
- 13-15 on the Glasgow scale
- less than 24 hours of post-traumatic amnesia
Moderate TBI:
How long unconscious?
Rating on Glasgow scale?
How long for post-traumatic amnesia?
- 30-45 min of unconsciousness
- 9-12 on the Glasgow scale
- 1-7 days of post-traumatic amnesia
Severe TBI:
How long unconscious?
Rating on the Glasgow scale?
How long for post-traumatic amnesia?
- more than 24 hours of unconsciousness
- 3-8 on the Glasgow scale
- more than 7 days of post-traumatic amnesia
Glasgow coma scale focuses on what three things?
- best motor responses
- eye opening
- verbal responses
Limitations of the Glasgow coma scale? (6)
IS HAIL
- Injury to eye
- Substance use
- Hemiplegia (paralysis on one side)
- Administered drugs
- Intubation
- Language
State of confusion and disorientation that occurs immediately after TBI, is a part of the healing process
post-traumatic amnesia
How does post-traumatic amnesia present? (5)
- Confused and disoriented (may recall their name or semantic knowledge)
- Childlike/clingy behavior
- Confabulation
- Agitation & aggression
- Inability to recognize loved ones
scale (1-10) used to describe the cognitive and behavioral patterns found in brain injury patients as they recover from injury.
Rancho Los Amigos Scale – Revised (RLAS-R)
Most well-designed studies, using a representative, non-clinically referred study sample show cognitive changes after MILD TBI resolve within?
weeks to 3 months spontaneously (without treatment), while changes tend to persist ≥ 2 years following moderate to severe TBI.
Non-Injury Risk Factors that can influence TBI outcomes (6)
PLANE M
- Pre-injury Psychiatric status & Conduct issues/incarceration
- Level of Education
- Age at Injury
- Other non-neurological injuries sustained
- Stable employment 6 months pre-injury
- Marital status
Best predictor of return to employment post-injury
Stable employment 6 months pre-injury
what 2 scales on the MMPI-2-RF would show elevations for someone hyper focused on their illness
- FBS
Symptom Validity Scale — Non- credible somatic and cognitive complaints - RBS
Response Bias Scale — Exaggerated memory complaints
