Week 6 pt. 2 - Memory & Strokes Flashcards
unconscious recall of how to perform an action or skill
E.g., remembering how to ride a bike
Procedural Memory
Must be learned all at once e.g., where you parked your car
Episodic memories
Facts for which the context does not matter e.g., “the sun is a star”
Semantic memories
Implicit memories become ____________ over time.
Procedural
Explicit memories become ____________ over time.
Declarative
Declarative memory is broken into what two parts?
Episodic & Semantic
Memory peaks at age
8
Longterm memory storage lasts for how long?
It is not permanent for a few hours to days
Failure in explicit/declarative memory
“Can’t recall what you learn going forward.”
Anterograde amnesia
Failure in implicit/non-declarative memory
“Can’t recall what they use to be automatic, but I can learn.”
Retrograde amnesia
Strokes are also called what two things?
Infarcts = tissue necrosis due to stroke
CVA = Cardiovascular Accident
Incidence of strokes in the US averages…
over 750,000 per year
number 1 risk factor for stroke?
hypertension/high blood pressure
What causes a 3x increased risk of ischemic strokes?
Diabetes
What independently increase risk of stroke by 4x?
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
3 types of strokes
- Ischemic
- Hemorrhagic strokes
- Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
obstruct the flow of blood
Ischemic strokes
2 types of Ischemic strokes
thrombus & embolus
Hemorrhagic strokes are caused by?
bleeding in the brain
Most common stroke
88% Ischemic;
12% Hemorrhagic
Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a stroke that lasts…?
only a few minutes, “mini stroke”
Difference between thrombus vs. embolus strokes
blood clot vs. material that breaks off and blocks an artery because it doesn’t fit.
Initial Damage in Ischemic stroke is due to what?
Glutamate Ecotoxicity = leads to neuronal necrosis and apoptosis
What is Glutamate Ecotoxicity?
excessive amounts of glutamate causes cell death
