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Neurobehavior > Week 6 pt. 2 - Memory & Strokes > Flashcards

Week 6 pt. 2 - Memory & Strokes Flashcards

1
Q

unconscious recall of how to perform an action or skill
E.g., remembering how to ride a bike

A

Procedural Memory

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2
Q

Must be learned all at once e.g., where you parked your car

A

Episodic memories

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3
Q

Facts for which the context does not matter e.g., “the sun is a star”

A

Semantic memories

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4
Q

Implicit memories become ____________ over time.

A

Procedural

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5
Q

Explicit memories become ____________ over time.

A

Declarative

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6
Q

Declarative memory is broken into what two parts?

A

Episodic & Semantic

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7
Q

Memory peaks at age

A

8

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8
Q

Longterm memory storage lasts for how long?

A

It is not permanent for a few hours to days

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9
Q

Failure in explicit/declarative memory

“Can’t recall what you learn going forward.”

A

Anterograde amnesia

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10
Q

Failure in implicit/non-declarative memory

“Can’t recall what they use to be automatic, but I can learn.”

A

Retrograde amnesia

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11
Q

Strokes are also called what two things?

A

Infarcts = tissue necrosis due to stroke
CVA = Cardiovascular Accident

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12
Q

Incidence of strokes in the US averages…

A

over 750,000 per year

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13
Q

number 1 risk factor for stroke?

A

hypertension/high blood pressure

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14
Q

What causes a 3x increased risk of ischemic strokes?

A

Diabetes

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15
Q

What independently increase risk of stroke by 4x?

A

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

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16
Q

3 types of strokes

A
  • Ischemic
  • Hemorrhagic strokes
  • Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
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17
Q

obstruct the flow of blood

A

Ischemic strokes

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18
Q

2 types of Ischemic strokes

A

thrombus & embolus

19
Q

Hemorrhagic strokes are caused by?

A

bleeding in the brain

20
Q

Most common stroke

A

88% Ischemic;
12% Hemorrhagic

21
Q

Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a stroke that lasts…?

A

only a few minutes, “mini stroke”

22
Q

Difference between thrombus vs. embolus strokes

A

blood clot vs. material that breaks off and blocks an artery because it doesn’t fit.

23
Q

Initial Damage in Ischemic stroke is due to what?

A

Glutamate Ecotoxicity = leads to neuronal necrosis and apoptosis

24
Q

What is Glutamate Ecotoxicity?

A

excessive amounts of glutamate causes cell death

25
Q

Stroke Risk Factors that are NON-MODIFIABLE

A
  • FAMILY HISTORY
  • AGE
  • RACE
26
Q

where the internal carotid arteries branch into smaller arteries that supply oxygenated blood to over 80% of the cerebrum.

A

Circle of Willis

27
Q

Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) Strokes is where what amount of strokes occur?

A

90%

28
Q

three main blood vessel that your internal carotid send blood to?

A

Middle cerebral artery
Anterior cerebral artery
Posterior cerebral artery

29
Q

MCA Stroke Symptoms for LEFT and RIGHT brain?

A

Contralateral Weakness & Sensory Loss in UPPER extremities

30
Q

MCA Stroke Symptoms for left brain?

A

Speech Deficits (Broca’s/Wernicke’s)

31
Q

Right MCA Stroke Symptoms?

A

Neglect & Poor Motivation

32
Q

Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) Stroke symptoms (5; F CUPS)

A
  • Contralateral Motor and sensory loss in LOWER Extremities
  • Poor gait and coordination = Clumsy
  • Slowed initiation (Abulia)
  • Flat Affect
  • Urinary Incontinence
33
Q

Posterior Cerebral Artery PCA is where what amount of strokes occur?

A

5-10%

34
Q

Posterior Cerebral Artery PCA Stroke Symptoms (5; VAINN)

A
  • Vision changes
  • Ataxia (difficulty with motor movements)
  • Impaired consciousness
  • Nausea/Vomiting
  • Nystagmus (eyes flutter/shake)
35
Q

Tangle of arteries and veins without connecting capillaries

A

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs)

36
Q

Sx onset occurs between age __-__ for AVMs

A

10-40

37
Q

Post-Stroke Depression Treatment

A

Antidepressant meds (usually fluoxetine) ASAP!

38
Q

6x increased risk of ___________ 2-3 years post stroke

A

depression

39
Q

1/4 of people meet criteria for _______ post stroke

A

GAD

40
Q

right-temporo-parietal-occipito area lesions, seizures, and subcortical atrophy increases risk for what?

A

psychosis

41
Q

Pseudobulbar Affect (laughing uncontrollably/inappropriately) affects __-__% post stroke patients

A

10-15%

42
Q

Tissue Plasminogen (tPA) can be administered within __ hours to help restore blood flow to the brain.

A

4.5 hours

43
Q

What acronym do we use to identify an active stroke and need to call 911

A

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Balance
Eye - vision loss
Face - uneven
Arms
Speech
Time

Neurobehavior (17 decks)

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