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PRNU 228 > Week 8 Lecture - The Hematologic System > Flashcards

Week 8 Lecture - The Hematologic System Flashcards

1
Q

Heparin Class and other

A

Thrombin/Xa inhibitor

enoxaparin (Lovenox)

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2
Q

Heparin therapeutic use

A

treat blood clot or prophylaxis for blood clot formation
- acute MI
- ischemic stroke
- after major surgery or on bed rest

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3
Q

heparin EPA

A

inhibits factor Xa and thrombin to block clotting process

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4
Q

heparin ADRs

A

uncontrolled bleeding
heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

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5
Q

heparin interventions and education

A

watch for bleeding
monitor therapeutic levels of IV heparin
monitor platelet count
use a soft toothbrush and electric razor

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6
Q

heparin contraindications

A

thrombocytopenia
risk for bleeding
NSAIDs

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7
Q

warfarin (Coumadin) class

A

vitamin K antagonist

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8
Q

warfarin (Coumadin) therapeutic use

A

long-term management or prevention of venous thromboembolic disorders
- DVT
- PE
- atrial fibrillation
- mechanical heart valves

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9
Q

warfarin (Coumadin) EPA

A

prevents synthesis of vitamin-K dependent clotting factors in the liver

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10
Q

warfarin (Coumadin) ADRs

A

bleeding

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11
Q

warfarin (Coumadin) interventions and education

A

monitor for bleeding
narrow therapeutic range
keep consistent intake of vitamin K

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12
Q

warfarin (Coumadin) contraindications

A

teratogenic
bleeding risk - alcohol, GI ulcers, thrombocytopenia
many medications

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13
Q

dabigatran (Pradaxa)

A

Anticoagulant given when patient develops Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)

direct thrombin inhibitor

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14
Q

rivaroxaban (Xarelto)

A

direct factor Xa inhibitor

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15
Q

aspirin class

A

antiplatelet salicylate

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16
Q

aspirin therapeutic use

A

MI, CVA, TIA, coronary stent

17
Q

aspirin EPA

A

inhibits platelet aggregation via inhibition of cyclooxygenase

18
Q

aspirin ADRs

A

gastric upset
bleeding risk
renal damage
toxicity: tinnitus, HA, dizziness

19
Q

aspirin interventions and education

A

monitor for bleeding, kidney function
avoid alcohol

20
Q

aspirin contraindications

A

do not give <18
caution with peptic ulcer disease
caution with anticoagulants
ibuprofen decreases antiplatelet effect

21
Q

clopidogrel (Plavix) class

A

Antiplatelets: Adenosine Diphosphate Receptor (ADP) Inhibitor

22
Q

clopidogrel (Plavix) therapeutic use

A

MI, CVA, TIA, coronary stents

23
Q

clopidogrel (Plavix) EPA

A

inhibits platelet aggregation by blocking ADP receptors on platelets

24
Q

clopidogrel (Plavix) ADRs

A

GI upset, bleeding, renal damage
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

25
Q

clopidogrel (Plavix) interventions and education

A

monitor for bleeding - GI bleeding, bruising, petechiae
check platelet count
discontinue 5-7 days before elective surgeries
take with food and avoid alcohol

26
Q

clopidogrel (Plavix) contraindications

A

peptic ulcer disease
anticoagulants

27
Q

alteplase TPA class

A

thrombolytic

28
Q

alteplase TPA therapeutic use

A

dissolves clot
MI, CVA
establish patency of central IV catheter

29
Q

alteplase EPA

A

converts plasminogen into plasmin = breaks down fibrin in clot. Plasmin will prevent new clots from forming

30
Q

alteplase ADRs

A

extreme bleeding
intracranial bleeding is biggest concern

31
Q

alteplase interventions and education

A

close monitoring of vital signs, neuro checks
emergency equipment available
monitor CBC

32
Q

alteplase contraindications

A

recent surgery - 2-4 weeks
head trauma
aneurysm
active bleeding
hypertension

33
Q

epoetin alfa (Epogen) class

A

Erythropoietic Growth Factor

34
Q

epoetin alfa (Epogen) therapeutic use

A

chronic renal failure
pre-op anemia
given with chemotherapy
given with HIV treatment Zidovudine

35
Q

epoetin alfa (Epogen) EPA

A

mimics erythropoietin in the bone marrow to cause production of RBCs

36
Q

epoetin alfa (Epogen) ADRs

A

hypertension
increased risk of cardiac event or CVA
can cause progression of malignancies

37
Q

epoetin alfa (Epogen) interventions and education

A

report if hemoglobin over 12
monitor blood pressure
always give lowest dose possible
report signs and symptoms of MI or CVA

PRNU 228 (19 decks)

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