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PRNU 228 > Week 9 Respiratory > Flashcards

Week 9 Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

albuterol (Ventolin, Proventil) class

A

Beta2-Adrenergic Agonists

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2
Q

albuterol (Ventolin, Proventil) EPA

A

Stimulates beta2-adrenergic receptors in the smooth muscle of the bronchi and bronchioles, resulting in bronchodilation

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3
Q

albuterol therapeutic use

A

Rescue medication used to treat or prevent bronchospasm in people with asthma or other obstructive airways diseases

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4
Q

albuterol ADRs

A

chest pain, palpitations, nervousness, restlessness, tremors, agitation

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5
Q

albuterol contraindications and interactions

A

cardiac tachydysrhythmias
coronary artery disease
MAOIs and tricyclic antidepressants increase risk of ADRs

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6
Q

ipratropium (Atrovent) class

A

inhaled anticholinergic

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7
Q

ipratropium (Atrovent) EPA

A

Blocks the muscarinic Ach receptors in the smooth muscles of the bronchi in the lungs, inhibiting bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion (very similar to atropine)

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8
Q

ipratropium (Atrovent) therapeutic use

A

Long-term management of asthma or other conditions (COPD) that cause bronchoconstriction and increase in secretions.

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9
Q

ipratropium (Atrovent) ADRs

A

dry mouth, increased intraocular pressure, urinary retention

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10
Q

ipratropium (Atrovent) contraindications and interactions

A

glaucoma
prostatic hyperplasia or bladder neck obstruction

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11
Q

theophylline (Theolair) class

A

Methylxanthines

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12
Q

theophylline (Theolair) EPA

A

Relaxes the bronchial smooth muscle, promoting bronchodilation

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13
Q

theophylline (Theolair) therapeutic use

A

Second line treatment for chronic lung disorders that cause bronchoconstriction (COPD)

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14
Q

theophylline (Theolair) ADRs

A

Tachycardia, agitation and seizures. Toxicity-Ventricular dysrhythmias or convulsions

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15
Q

theophylline (Theolair) contraindications and interactions

A

heart disease
liver dysfunction
use caution with seizure disorders

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16
Q

theophylline (Theolair) interventions

A

monitor serum levels - narrow therapeutic range

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17
Q

beclomethasone (QVAR) class

A

inhaled glucocorticoid

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18
Q

beclomethasone (QVAR) EPA

A

Suppress the release of inflammatory mediators and decrease the recruitment of airway eosinophils. Increases the number and sensitivity of beta2-adrenergic bronchodilators

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19
Q

beclomethasone (QVAR) therapeutic use

A

Prophylactic management of asthma with inhaled steroids. Acute asthma flare-ups, systemic corticosteroids used.

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20
Q

beclomethasone (QVAR) ADRs

A

Pharyngitis, cough, dry mouth, and candidiasis (thrush)

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21
Q

beclomethasone (QVAR) contraindications and interactions

A

recent live virus immunization
oral candidiasis

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22
Q

beclomethasone (QVAR) interventions

A

rinse mouth and throat with water after use to avoid thrush
use a spacer
inhaler administration education

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23
Q

prednisone class

A

glucocorticoid

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24
Q

prednisone EPA

A

affect the inflammatory process to reduce inflammation

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25
Q

prednisone therapeutic use

A

decreases inflammatory symptoms and alters immune response
asthma, COPD, arthritis, rhinitis, cancer, IBD, spinal cord injury

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26
Q

prednisone ADRs

A

CNS stimulation
adrenocortical insufficiency: fainting, weakness, hypotension
adrenocortical excess
cardio symptoms: heart failure, shock, dysrhythmias
increased appetite, hyperglycemia
delayed wound healing, fragile skin

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27
Q

prednisone contraindications and interactions

A

live vaccines, fungal infections, antibiotic-resistant infections

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28
Q

prednisone interactions and education

A

treats symptoms, not underlying disease
take as directed, do not stop abruptly
take with food

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29
Q

montelukast (Singulair) class

A

Anti-Inflammatory/Leukotriene Modifiers

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30
Q

montelukast (Singulair) EPA

A

Prevents leukotrienes from binding to its receptors therefore reducing bronchoconstriction, inflammation, and mucus production

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31
Q

montelukast (Singulair) therapeutic use

A

Used in patients with asthma that do not respond to other treatments. Used as a long acting antiasthmatic med. Only tablet approved for exercise-induced asthma. Can also treat allergies

32
Q

montelukast (Singulair) ADRs

A

neuropsychiatric behavioral changes: aggressive behavior, hallucinations, insomnia and suicidal ideation

33
Q

montelukast (Singulair) contraindications

A

liver disease

34
Q

montelukast (Singulair) interventions

A

does not manage acute asthma attacks
take 2 hours prior to exercise to prevent bronchoconstriction
take in evenings daily to prevent allergies

35
Q

diphenhydramine (Benadryl) class

A

First Generation/Sedating Antihistamines

36
Q

diphenhydramine (Benadryl) therapeutic use

A

Treat allergic reactions, anaphylaxis, motion sickness, and insomnia

37
Q

diphenhydramine (Benadryl) EPA

A

Structurally like histamine and occupy the same receptor sites preventing histamine acting on target tissues and thus preventing histamine response. Binds to central H1 receptors

38
Q

diphenhydramine (Benadryl) ADRs

A

CNS depression=drowsiness & sedation
paradoxical effect causing CNS stimulation and anticholinergic effects

39
Q

diphenhydramine (Benadryl) contraindications and interactions

A

children <2
breastfeedig women
do not take with alcohol or CNS depressants

40
Q

diphenhydramine (Benadryl) interventions

A

do not take with alcohol or CNS depressants
assess LOC
advise against driving or operating machinery
can cause dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation, blurred vision

41
Q

cetirizine (Zyrtec) class

A

Second Generation/nonsedatingAntihistamines

42
Q

cetirizine (Zyrtec) therapeutic use

A

Treats seasonal allergies, minor allergies and urticaria

43
Q

cetirizine (Zyrtec) EPA

A

Binds to histamine receptors to prevent histamine response, but binds to peripheral, not central H1 receptors. Therefore, does not cause drowsiness like the first-generation agents.

44
Q

cetirizine (Zyrtec) ADRs

A

Drowsiness & fatigue (higher doses), and anticholinergic effects

45
Q

cetirizine (Zyrtec) interventions and client education

A

take once a day with water

46
Q

cetirizine (Zyrtec) contraindications and interactions

A

breastfeeding women
impaired kidney or liver function

47
Q

phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) class

A

Sympathomimetics: Nasal Decongestants

48
Q

phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) therapeutic use

A

Relieves pressure, swelling and congestion of the nasal mucosa

49
Q

phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) EPA

A

Alpha1-adrenergic agonist, causes vasoconstriction of the blood vessels… causing the nasal turbinates in the nares to shrink, in turn opening nasal passages and relieving nasal congestion.

50
Q

phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) ADRs

A

CNS excitation - tachycardia, insomnia, dizziness, palpitations, urinary retention

51
Q

phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) contraindications and interactions

A

heart disease
dysrhythmias
HTN
narrow angle glaucoma
older adults
caffeine

52
Q

phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) interventions and education

A

do not use more than 5 days
assess for cardiac symptoms
rebound effec

53
Q

dextromethorphan (Delsym) class

A

Antitussives-nonnarcotic

54
Q

dextromethorphan (Delsym) therapeutic use

A

suppress nonproductive cough

55
Q

dextromethorphan (Delsym) EPA

A

depress the cough reflex in the brain

56
Q

dextromethorphan (Delsym) ADRs

A

CNS depression - drowsiness and sedation

57
Q

dextromethorphan (Delsym) contraindications and interactions

A

MAOIs
SSRIs
alcohol

58
Q

dextromethorphan (Delsym) interventions and education

A

avoid alcohol
be aware of med interactions

59
Q

codeine class

A

Antitussives-Narcotic

60
Q

codeine therapeutic use

A

relief of cough

61
Q

codeine EPA

A

Depresses the cough reflex in the brain

62
Q

codeine ADRs

A

nausea, vomiting, respiratory sedation, constipation, dizziness

63
Q

codeine contraindications and interactions

A

respiratory impairment
head injury
seizure disorder
alcohol

64
Q

codeine interventions and education

A

assess GI and respiratory status
avoid in patients with asthma or head injuries

65
Q

guaifenesin (Mucinex) class

A

expectorant

66
Q

guaifenesin (Mucinex) therapeutic use

A

loosens mucus from respiratory tract in a productive cough

67
Q

guaifenesin (Mucinex) EPA

A

reduces viscosity of secretions

68
Q

guaifenesin (Mucinex) contraindications

A

inability to expectorate

69
Q

guaifenesin (Mucinex) interventions and education

A

give with food and water
stay hydrated
swallow whole
change position carefully

70
Q

guaifenesin (Mucinex) ADRs

A

Dizziness, drowsiness, headache, skin rash

71
Q

acetylcysteine (Acetadote) class

A

Mucolytics

72
Q

acetylcysteine (Acetadote) therapeutic use

A

liquefy mucus in the respiratory tract

73
Q

acetylcysteine (Acetadote) EPA

A

Attacks protein bonds in the mucus, reducing viscosity

74
Q

acetylcysteine (Acetadote) ADRs

A

Bronchospasm, GI distress (due to rotten egg smell and ingestion of secretions)

75
Q

acetylcysteine (Acetadote) contraindications and interactions

A

inability to expel secretions
asthma
antidote to acetaminnophen

76
Q

acetylcysteine (Acetadote) interventions and education

A

assess respiratory status
difficulty breathing could be due to bronchospasm or inability to expel secretions
hydration

PRNU 228 (19 decks)

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