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PRNU 228 > Week 10 Endocrine > Flashcards

Week 10 Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

metformin (Glucophage) class

A

biguanides

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2
Q

metformin (Glucophage) therapeutic use

A

first line drug to treat type III diabetes because it does not cause weight gain, can be taken with other oral meds and insulin

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3
Q

metformin (Glucophage) EPA

A

Reduces the production of glucose by the liver, decreases absorption of glucose from the intestines & increases sensitivity of insulin receptors in tissues

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4
Q

metformin (Glucophage) ADRs

A

lactic acidosis
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
metallic taste

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5
Q

metformin (Glucophage) black box warning

A

risk for potentially fatal lactic acidosis for people with a history because it increases production of lactate

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6
Q

metformin (Glucophage) contraindications and interactions

A

not given during severe illness, surgery, hospitalization
pregnancy
renal or hepatic impairment
history of lactic acidosis
alcohol use

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7
Q

metformin (Glucophage) interventions and education

A

take with meals
do not stop without consulting provider
avoid alcohol
cannot be taken within 48 hours of contrast imaging due to kidney injury risk

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8
Q

glipizide (Glucotrol) class

A

sulfonylureas

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9
Q

glipizide (Glucotrol) therapeutic use

A

use in combination with diet to lower blood sugar levels in patients with type II diabetes

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10
Q

glipizide (Glucotrol) EPA

A

stimulates pancreatic beta cells to produce more insulin, increasing secretion of insulin

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11
Q

glipizide (Glucotrol) ADRs

A

hypoglycemia

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12
Q

glipizide (Glucotrol) contraindications and interactions

A

allergy to sulfa meds
pregnancy
renal or hepatic dysfuntions

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13
Q

glipizide (Glucotrol) interventions and education

A

take 30 minutes before meals
do not give during severe illness, surgery, hospitalization, or pregnancy

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14
Q

regular insulin class

A

short-acting insulin

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15
Q

regular insulin therapeutic use

A

control blood sugar in pataients with type I diabetes or type II diabetes not controlled by diet, exercise, or oral agents

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16
Q

regular insulin EPA

A

onset in 30-60 minutes
replaces endogenous insulin and has same effect

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17
Q

regular insulin ADRs

A

hypoglycemia

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18
Q

regular insulin contraindications and interactions

A

hypoglycemia
lower dose for renal disease

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19
Q

regular insulin interventions and education

A

how to store and administer insulin
what to do if hypoglycemic

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20
Q

lispro insulin (Humalog) class

A

rapid-acting insulin

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21
Q

lispro insulin (Humalog) therapeutic use

A

given with meals to to correct high blood glucose level
can be used for type I or type II diabetes

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22
Q

lispro insulin (Humalog) EPA

A

quick onset, 15 minutes

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23
Q

lispro insulin (Humalog) ADRs

A

hypoglycemia

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24
Q

lispro insulin (Humalog) contraindications and interactions

A

hypoglycemia
lower dose for renal disease

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25
lispro insulin (Humalog) interventions and education
how to store and administer insulin what to do if hypoglycemic
26
glargine insulin (Lantus) class
long-acting insulin
27
glargine insulin (Lantus) therapeutic use
control blood sugar in type I diabetes or type II not controlled with diet, exercise, or oral medication
28
glargine insulin (Lantus) EPA
onset after 2 hours, no peak acts like basal insulin
29
glargine insulin (Lantus) ADRs
hypoglycemia
30
glargine insulin (Lantus) contraindications and interactions
hypoglycemia lower dose for renal disease
31
glargine insulin (Lantus) interventions and education
how to store and administer insulin what to do if hypoglycemic
32
insulin injection sites
injected subQ: abdomen, posterior upper arm, anterior thigh, hips
33
insulin administration
prime insulin pen with 2 units dial up correct dose locate injection site and clean with alcohol hold and pinch area with non dominant hand, inject at 90 degrees hold in place for 5 seconds after administration do not inject into limb that will be exercised, will cause faster absorption
34
glucagon (GlucaGen) class
hyperglycemics
35
glucagon (GlucaGen) therapeutic use
treat hypoglycemia from insulin overdose
36
glucagon (GlucaGen) EPA
raises blood levels of glucose through glycogenesis
37
glucagon (GlucaGen) ADRs
nausea and vomiting
38
glucagon (GlucaGen) contraindications and interactions
hypersensitivity
39
glucagon (GlucaGen) interventions and educationn
turn patient on side if unconscious provide food once patient regains consciousness and can swallow educate on signs of hypoglycemia
40
levothyroxine (Synthroid) class
thyroid replacement
41
levothyroxine (Synthroid) therapeutic use
lifelong treatment for hypothyroidism
42
levothyroxine (Synthroid) EPA
synthetic T4 to increase metabolic rate
43
levothyroxine (Synthroid) ADRs
- signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism - thyrotoxicosis
44
levothyroxine (Synthroid) interventions and education
- monitor T3, T4, TSH levels. - measure baseline ad periodic VS and weight
45
levothyroxine (Synthroid) contraindications and interactions
thyrotoxicosis recent MI food decreases absorption
46
signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism
rapid heart rate, palpitations, chest pain. nervousness tremors decreased appetite heat intolerance, fever, sweating weight loss
47
propylthiouracil (PTU) class
antithyroid: thioamides
48
propylthiouracil (PTU) therapeutic use
- grave's disease - thyrotoxicosis - suppression of thyroid hormone prior to thyroidectomy
49
propylthiouracil (PTU) EPA
blocks iodine from integrating into tyrosine, blocks T4 from converting into T3
50
propylthiouracil (PTU) ADRs
signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism agranulocytosis anemia hepatotoxicity rash nausea and vomiting headache dizziness
51
propylthiouracil (PTU) interventions and education
monitor T4, T4, TSH baseline and regular VS and weight educate on signs of hypothyroidism - fatigue, weakness, weight gain, cold intolerance monitor CBC, report fever and sore throat
52
propylthiouracil (PTU) contraindications and interactions
teratogenic caution with immunosuppression and infections liver dysfunction
53
desmopressin (DDAVP) class
posterior pituitary hormone drug
54
desmopressin (DDAVP) therapeutic use
diabetes insipidus
55
desmopressin (DDAVP) EPA
synthetic ADH
56
desmopressin (DDAVP) ADRs
fluid retention: hyponatremia a nd edema seizures
57
desmopressin (DDAVP) interventions and education
H2O intoxication: headache, confusion decrease water intake strict I&O monitor serum sodium
58
desmopressin (DDAVP) contraindications and interactions
renal failure nephrogenic diabetes insipidus electrolyte imbalances
59
hydrocortisone (Cortef) class
glucocorticoids
60
hydrocortisone (Cortef) therapeutic use
addison's disease/ adrenal insufficiency. autoimmune inflammatory disorders. asthma.
61
hydrocortisone (Cortef) EPA
synthetic cortisol
62
hydrocortisone (Cortef) ADRs
many at high levels
63
hydrocortisone (Cortef) interventions and education
monitor CBC, electrolytes, glucose, glucocorticoid levels. may need supplemental dose in time of stress. medical alert bracelet. call provider before getting vaccines.
64
hydrocortisone (Cortef) contraindications and interactions
oral contraceptives phenytoin and phenobarbital
65
fludrocortisone class
mineralocorticoids
66
fludrocortisone therapeutic use
- addison's disease adrenal insufficiency - primary hypoaldosteronism - congenital adrenal hyperplasia
67
fludrocortisone EPA
synthetic aldosterone sodium and water retention
68
fludrocortisone ADRs
fluid and electrolyte imbalances hypertension, heart failure, hypokalemia
69
fludrocortisone interventions and education
monitor fluid retention, weight monitor BP monitor potassium levels monitor inadequate dosage: weight loss, poor appetite, fatigue, muscle weakness, hypotension
70
somatropin class
growth hormone
71
somatropin therapeutic use
turner's syndrome GH deficiency wasting syndrome - AIDs
72
somatropin administration
rotate subQ sites
73
somatropin interventions
monitor urinary calcium due to risk of hypercalciuria
74
somatropin ADRs
hyperglycemia

PRNU 228 (19 decks)

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