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PRNU 228 > Week 10 Endocrine > Flashcards

Week 10 Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

metformin (Glucophage) class

A

biguanides

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2
Q

metformin (Glucophage) therapeutic use

A

first line drug to treat type III diabetes because it does not cause weight gain, can be taken with other oral meds and insulin

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3
Q

metformin (Glucophage) EPA

A

Reduces the production of glucose by the liver, decreases absorption of glucose from the intestines & increases sensitivity of insulin receptors in tissues

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4
Q

metformin (Glucophage) ADRs

A

lactic acidosis
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
metallic taste

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5
Q

metformin (Glucophage) black box warning

A

risk for potentially fatal lactic acidosis for people with a history because it increases production of lactate

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6
Q

metformin (Glucophage) contraindications and interactions

A

not given during severe illness, surgery, hospitalization
pregnancy
renal or hepatic impairment
history of lactic acidosis
alcohol use

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7
Q

metformin (Glucophage) interventions and education

A

take with meals
do not stop without consulting provider
avoid alcohol
cannot be taken within 48 hours of contrast imaging due to kidney injury risk

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8
Q

glipizide (Glucotrol) class

A

sulfonylureas

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9
Q

glipizide (Glucotrol) therapeutic use

A

use in combination with diet to lower blood sugar levels in patients with type II diabetes

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10
Q

glipizide (Glucotrol) EPA

A

stimulates pancreatic beta cells to produce more insulin, increasing secretion of insulin

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11
Q

glipizide (Glucotrol) ADRs

A

hypoglycemia

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12
Q

glipizide (Glucotrol) contraindications and interactions

A

allergy to sulfa meds
pregnancy
renal or hepatic dysfuntions

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13
Q

glipizide (Glucotrol) interventions and education

A

take 30 minutes before meals
do not give during severe illness, surgery, hospitalization, or pregnancy

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14
Q

regular insulin class

A

short-acting insulin

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15
Q

regular insulin therapeutic use

A

control blood sugar in pataients with type I diabetes or type II diabetes not controlled by diet, exercise, or oral agents

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16
Q

regular insulin EPA

A

onset in 30-60 minutes
replaces endogenous insulin and has same effect

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17
Q

regular insulin ADRs

A

hypoglycemia

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18
Q

regular insulin contraindications and interactions

A

hypoglycemia
lower dose for renal disease

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19
Q

regular insulin interventions and education

A

how to store and administer insulin
what to do if hypoglycemic

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20
Q

lispro insulin (Humalog) class

A

rapid-acting insulin

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21
Q

lispro insulin (Humalog) therapeutic use

A

given with meals to to correct high blood glucose level
can be used for type I or type II diabetes

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22
Q

lispro insulin (Humalog) EPA

A

quick onset, 15 minutes

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23
Q

lispro insulin (Humalog) ADRs

A

hypoglycemia

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24
Q

lispro insulin (Humalog) contraindications and interactions

A

hypoglycemia
lower dose for renal disease

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25
Q

lispro insulin (Humalog) interventions and education

A

how to store and administer insulin
what to do if hypoglycemic

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26
Q

glargine insulin (Lantus) class

A

long-acting insulin

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27
Q

glargine insulin (Lantus) therapeutic use

A

control blood sugar in type I diabetes or type II not controlled with diet, exercise, or oral medication

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28
Q

glargine insulin (Lantus) EPA

A

onset after 2 hours, no peak
acts like basal insulin

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29
Q

glargine insulin (Lantus) ADRs

A

hypoglycemia

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30
Q

glargine insulin (Lantus) contraindications and interactions

A

hypoglycemia
lower dose for renal disease

31
Q

glargine insulin (Lantus) interventions and education

A

how to store and administer insulin
what to do if hypoglycemic

32
Q

insulin injection sites

A

injected subQ: abdomen, posterior upper arm, anterior thigh, hips

33
Q

insulin administration

A

prime insulin pen with 2 units
dial up correct dose
locate injection site and clean with alcohol
hold and pinch area with non dominant hand, inject at 90 degrees
hold in place for 5 seconds after administration
do not inject into limb that will be exercised, will cause faster absorption

34
Q

glucagon (GlucaGen) class

A

hyperglycemics

35
Q

glucagon (GlucaGen) therapeutic use

A

treat hypoglycemia from insulin overdose

36
Q

glucagon (GlucaGen) EPA

A

raises blood levels of glucose through glycogenesis

37
Q

glucagon (GlucaGen) ADRs

A

nausea and vomiting

38
Q

glucagon (GlucaGen) contraindications and interactions

A

hypersensitivity

39
Q

glucagon (GlucaGen) interventions and educationn

A

turn patient on side if unconscious
provide food once patient regains consciousness and can swallow
educate on signs of hypoglycemia

40
Q

levothyroxine (Synthroid) class

A

thyroid replacement

41
Q

levothyroxine (Synthroid) therapeutic use

A

lifelong treatment for hypothyroidism

42
Q

levothyroxine (Synthroid) EPA

A

synthetic T4 to increase metabolic rate

43
Q

levothyroxine (Synthroid) ADRs

A
  • signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism
  • thyrotoxicosis
44
Q

levothyroxine (Synthroid) interventions and education

A
  • monitor T3, T4, TSH levels.
  • measure baseline ad periodic VS and weight
45
Q

levothyroxine (Synthroid) contraindications and interactions

A

thyrotoxicosis
recent MI
food decreases absorption

46
Q

signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism

A

rapid heart rate, palpitations, chest pain.
nervousness
tremors
decreased appetite
heat intolerance, fever, sweating
weight loss

47
Q

propylthiouracil (PTU) class

A

antithyroid: thioamides

48
Q

propylthiouracil (PTU) therapeutic use

A
  • grave’s disease
  • thyrotoxicosis
  • suppression of thyroid hormone prior to thyroidectomy
49
Q

propylthiouracil (PTU) EPA

A

blocks iodine from integrating into tyrosine, blocks T4 from converting into T3

50
Q

propylthiouracil (PTU) ADRs

A

signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism
agranulocytosis
anemia
hepatotoxicity
rash
nausea and vomiting
headache
dizziness

51
Q

propylthiouracil (PTU) interventions and education

A

monitor T4, T4, TSH
baseline and regular VS and weight
educate on signs of hypothyroidism - fatigue, weakness, weight gain, cold intolerance
monitor CBC, report fever and sore throat

52
Q

propylthiouracil (PTU) contraindications and interactions

A

teratogenic
caution with immunosuppression and infections
liver dysfunction

53
Q

desmopressin (DDAVP) class

A

posterior pituitary hormone drug

54
Q

desmopressin (DDAVP) therapeutic use

A

diabetes insipidus

55
Q

desmopressin (DDAVP) EPA

A

synthetic ADH

56
Q

desmopressin (DDAVP) ADRs

A

fluid retention: hyponatremia a nd edema
seizures

57
Q

desmopressin (DDAVP) interventions and education

A

H2O intoxication: headache, confusion
decrease water intake
strict I&O
monitor serum sodium

58
Q

desmopressin (DDAVP) contraindications and interactions

A

renal failure
nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
electrolyte imbalances

59
Q

hydrocortisone (Cortef) class

A

glucocorticoids

60
Q

hydrocortisone (Cortef) therapeutic use

A

addison’s disease/ adrenal insufficiency.
autoimmune inflammatory disorders.
asthma.

61
Q

hydrocortisone (Cortef) EPA

A

synthetic cortisol

62
Q

hydrocortisone (Cortef) ADRs

A

many at high levels

63
Q

hydrocortisone (Cortef) interventions and education

A

monitor CBC, electrolytes, glucose, glucocorticoid levels.
may need supplemental dose in time of stress.
medical alert bracelet.
call provider before getting vaccines.

64
Q

hydrocortisone (Cortef) contraindications and interactions

A

oral contraceptives
phenytoin and phenobarbital

65
Q

fludrocortisone class

A

mineralocorticoids

66
Q

fludrocortisone therapeutic use

A
  • addison’s disease
    adrenal insufficiency
  • primary hypoaldosteronism
  • congenital adrenal hyperplasia
67
Q

fludrocortisone EPA

A

synthetic aldosterone
sodium and water retention

68
Q

fludrocortisone ADRs

A

fluid and electrolyte imbalances
hypertension, heart failure, hypokalemia

69
Q

fludrocortisone interventions and education

A

monitor fluid retention, weight
monitor BP
monitor potassium levels
monitor inadequate dosage: weight loss, poor appetite, fatigue, muscle weakness, hypotension

70
Q

somatropin class

A

growth hormone

71
Q

somatropin therapeutic use

A

turner’s syndrome
GH deficiency
wasting syndrome - AIDs

72
Q

somatropin administration

A

rotate subQ sites

73
Q

somatropin interventions

A

monitor urinary calcium due to risk of hypercalciuria

74
Q

somatropin ADRs

A

hyperglycemia

PRNU 228 (19 decks)

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