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PRNU 228 > Week 7 Cardiovascular System - Medications for Coronary Artery Disease and Dysrhythmias & Hematological System > Flashcards

Week 7 Cardiovascular System - Medications for Coronary Artery Disease and Dysrhythmias & Hematological System Flashcards

1
Q

Atorvastatin (Lipitor) class

A

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors

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2
Q

Atorvastatin (Lipitor) other drugs

A

simvastatin (Zocor)
lovastatin (Mevacor)
rosuvastatin (Crestor)

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3
Q

Atorvastatin (Lipitor) EPA

A

↑ HDL and ↓ LDL and total cholesterol by:
Inhibiting HMG CoA reductase, an enzyme that synthesizes cholesterol in the liver

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4
Q

Atorvastatin (Lipitor) Therapeutic use

A

treat high cholesterol and prevent vascular disease

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5
Q

Atorvastatin (Lipitor) ADRs

A

myopathy - muscle weakness
hepatotoxicity

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6
Q

Atorvastatin (Lipitor) contraindications and interactions

A

teratogenic
liver disease
alcohol use disorder
grapefruit juice increases risk of ADRs
increased risk of bleeding with warfarin

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7
Q

Atorvastatin (Lipitor) interventions and education

A

report muscle pain
report abdominal pain, jaundice, fatigue
periodic liver function testing

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8
Q

gemfibrozil (Lopid) class and other drug

A

fibrates

fenofibrate (TriCor)

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9
Q

gemfibrozil (Lopid) EPA

A

increases oxidation of fatty acids in the liver and tissues, decreases production of triglycerides

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10
Q

gemfibrozil (Lopid) therapeutic use

A

reduce serum triglycerides and increase HDLs

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11
Q

gemfibrozil (Lopid) ADRs

A

GI - nausea, diarrhea, pain
hepatotoxicity
gallstones
myopathy

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12
Q

gemfibrozil (Lopid) contraindications and interactions

A

gall bladder disease
liver disease
renal impairment
warfarin increases risk of bleeding
use with statins increases risk of myopathy

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13
Q

gemfibrozil (Lopid) interventions and education

A

take with food
report muscle pain
report abdominal pain, jaundice, fatigue
periodic liver function testing

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14
Q

nitroglycerin class

A

nitrate anginal

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15
Q

nitroglycerin EPA

A

Converts to nitric oxide, potent vasodilator
relaxes smooth muscle in blood vessel walls
Relieve angina pain by venous dilation, coronary artery dilation, and arteriole dilation

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16
Q

nitroglycerin therapeutic use

A

management/treatment of acute chest pain caused by myocardial ischemia

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17
Q

nitroglycerin ADRs

A

headache, hypotension, dizziness, bradycardia, syncope

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18
Q

nitroglycerin contraindications and interactions

A

anemia
hypotension
hypovolemia
renal impairment
slidenafil (Viagra) can cause life threatening hypotension

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19
Q

nitroglycerin interventions and education

A
  • stop activity before taking, let one tablet dissolve under tongue, rest for five minutes
  • if pain is not relieved, use a second tablet, wait five minutes and repeat with 3rd tablet if needed
  • if pain is not resolved after 3, seek medical attention
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20
Q

lidocaine class

A

Class IB Sodium Channel Blockers

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21
Q

lidocaine EPA

A
  • Blocks Na+ channels thereby shortening the repolarization phase of the cardiac cycle
  • decreases the rate of contractions of the heart.
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22
Q

lidocaine therapeutic use

A

Treats serious ventricular dysrhythmias associated with MI, cardiac cath, & cardiac surgery

23
Q

lidocaine ADRs

A

hypotension, bradycardia, dysrhythmias, anxiety

24
Q

lidocaine administration for dysrhythmias

A

only given IV in hospital setting

25
lidocaine contraindications and interactions
untreated bradycardia or heart block teratogenic
26
lidocaine interventions and educations
continuously monitor VS and cardiac rhythm avoid OTC cold meds, asthma meds, and appetite suppressants that could aggravate irregular heartbeats
27
flecainide (Tambocor) class
Class IC sodium channel blockers
28
flecanide (Tambocor) EPA
blocks Na+ channels to slow conduction velocity and the refractory period
29
flecanide (Tambocor) therapeutic use
treat atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation
30
flecainide (Tambocor) ADRs
worsening of heart failure widens QRS complex potential for other dysrhythmias to occur
31
flecainide (Tambocor) black box warning
fatal arrhythmias and death in patients with recent MI
32
flecainide (Tambocor) contraindications and interactions
heart block or heart failure
33
flecainide (Tambocor) interventions and education
must be in hospital setting at start of therapy to monitor heart continuously cardiac monitoring and vital signs before and after each dose avoid OTC cold meds, asthma meds, appetite suppressants
34
Amiodarone class and other med
Class III Potassium Channel Blockers doefetilide (Tikosyn)
35
Amiodarone EPA
Blocks K+ channels in turn slowing repolarization and prolonging the refractory period to slow down the heart rate.
36
Amiodarone therapeutic use
Treats various life-threatening ventricular and/or atrial tachy-dysrhythmias
37
amiodarone ADRs
fatal dysrhythmias and hypotension
38
amiodarone black box warning
Long term use of amiodarone can cause fatal pulmonary toxicity
39
amiodarone Contraindications and Interactions
Heart block Heart failure Teratogenic
40
amiodarone interventions and education
cardiac rhythm monitoring and vital signs before dose take with food no grapefruit juice avoid OTC cold med, appetite suppressants, asthma meds increases effects of digoxin and phenytoin
41
diltiazem (Cardizem) class and other
Class IV calcium channel blocker verapamil (Calan)
42
diltiazem (Cardizem) therapeutic use
atrial tachycardia
43
diltiazem (Cardizem) ADRs
dizziness, bradycardia, heart block
44
diltiazem (Cardizem) contraindications
heart block heart failure
45
diltiazem (Cardizem) interventions and education
cardiac rhythm monitoring and vital signs before dose avoid OTC cold meds, asthma meds, appetite suppressants
46
diltiazem (Cardizem) EPA
blocks calcium channels, causing slower conduction through SA and AV nodes, slowing down heart rate
47
adenosine
Unclassified Antidysrhythmic Drug
48
adenosine therapeutic use
treats supraventricular tachycardia
49
adenosine EPA
acts like a calcium channel blocker
50
adenosine considerations
only given IV and must be given quickly due to short half life
51
magnesium
unclassified antidysrhythmic drug
52
magnesium therapeutic use
treats torsades de pointe
53
magnesium EPA
gatekeeps calcium from the cells to prevent contractions and irritable cardiac cells that lead to dysrhythmias

PRNU 228 (19 decks)

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