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PRNU 228 > Week 7 Cardiovascular System - Medications for Coronary Artery Disease and Dysrhythmias & Hematological System > Flashcards

Week 7 Cardiovascular System - Medications for Coronary Artery Disease and Dysrhythmias & Hematological System Flashcards

1
Q

Atorvastatin (Lipitor) class

A

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors

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2
Q

Atorvastatin (Lipitor) other drugs

A

simvastatin (Zocor)
lovastatin (Mevacor)
rosuvastatin (Crestor)

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3
Q

Atorvastatin (Lipitor) EPA

A

↑ HDL and ↓ LDL and total cholesterol by:
Inhibiting HMG CoA reductase, an enzyme that synthesizes cholesterol in the liver

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4
Q

Atorvastatin (Lipitor) Therapeutic use

A

treat high cholesterol and prevent vascular disease

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5
Q

Atorvastatin (Lipitor) ADRs

A

myopathy - muscle weakness
hepatotoxicity

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6
Q

Atorvastatin (Lipitor) contraindications and interactions

A

teratogenic
liver disease
alcohol use disorder
grapefruit juice increases risk of ADRs
increased risk of bleeding with warfarin

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7
Q

Atorvastatin (Lipitor) interventions and education

A

report muscle pain
report abdominal pain, jaundice, fatigue
periodic liver function testing

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8
Q

gemfibrozil (Lopid) class and other drug

A

fibrates

fenofibrate (TriCor)

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9
Q

gemfibrozil (Lopid) EPA

A

increases oxidation of fatty acids in the liver and tissues, decreases production of triglycerides

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10
Q

gemfibrozil (Lopid) therapeutic use

A

reduce serum triglycerides and increase HDLs

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11
Q

gemfibrozil (Lopid) ADRs

A

GI - nausea, diarrhea, pain
hepatotoxicity
gallstones
myopathy

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12
Q

gemfibrozil (Lopid) contraindications and interactions

A

gall bladder disease
liver disease
renal impairment
warfarin increases risk of bleeding
use with statins increases risk of myopathy

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13
Q

gemfibrozil (Lopid) interventions and education

A

take with food
report muscle pain
report abdominal pain, jaundice, fatigue
periodic liver function testing

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14
Q

nitroglycerin class

A

nitrate anginal

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15
Q

nitroglycerin EPA

A

Converts to nitric oxide, potent vasodilator
relaxes smooth muscle in blood vessel walls
Relieve angina pain by venous dilation, coronary artery dilation, and arteriole dilation

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16
Q

nitroglycerin therapeutic use

A

management/treatment of acute chest pain caused by myocardial ischemia

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17
Q

nitroglycerin ADRs

A

headache, hypotension, dizziness, bradycardia, syncope

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18
Q

nitroglycerin contraindications and interactions

A

anemia
hypotension
hypovolemia
renal impairment
slidenafil (Viagra) can cause life threatening hypotension

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19
Q

nitroglycerin interventions and education

A
  • stop activity before taking, let one tablet dissolve under tongue, rest for five minutes
  • if pain is not relieved, use a second tablet, wait five minutes and repeat with 3rd tablet if needed
  • if pain is not resolved after 3, seek medical attention
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20
Q

lidocaine class

A

Class IB Sodium Channel Blockers

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21
Q

lidocaine EPA

A
  • Blocks Na+ channels thereby shortening the repolarization phase of the cardiac cycle
  • decreases the rate of contractions of the heart.
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22
Q

lidocaine therapeutic use

A

Treats serious ventricular dysrhythmias associated with MI, cardiac cath, & cardiac surgery

23
Q

lidocaine ADRs

A

hypotension, bradycardia, dysrhythmias, anxiety

24
Q

lidocaine administration for dysrhythmias

A

only given IV in hospital setting

25
Q

lidocaine contraindications and interactions

A

untreated bradycardia or heart block
teratogenic

26
Q

lidocaine interventions and educations

A

continuously monitor VS and cardiac rhythm
avoid OTC cold meds, asthma meds, and appetite suppressants that could aggravate irregular heartbeats

27
Q

flecainide (Tambocor) class

A

Class IC sodium channel blockers

28
Q

flecanide (Tambocor) EPA

A

blocks Na+ channels to slow conduction velocity and the refractory period

29
Q

flecanide (Tambocor) therapeutic use

A

treat atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation

30
Q

flecainide (Tambocor) ADRs

A

worsening of heart failure
widens QRS complex
potential for other dysrhythmias to occur

31
Q

flecainide (Tambocor) black box warning

A

fatal arrhythmias and death in patients with recent MI

32
Q

flecainide (Tambocor) contraindications and interactions

A

heart block or heart failure

33
Q

flecainide (Tambocor) interventions and education

A

must be in hospital setting at start of therapy to monitor heart continuously
cardiac monitoring and vital signs before and after each dose
avoid OTC cold meds, asthma meds, appetite suppressants

34
Q

Amiodarone class and other med

A

Class III Potassium Channel Blockers

doefetilide (Tikosyn)

35
Q

Amiodarone EPA

A

Blocks K+ channels in turn slowing repolarization and prolonging the refractory period to slow down the heart rate.

36
Q

Amiodarone therapeutic use

A

Treats various life-threatening ventricular and/or atrial tachy-dysrhythmias

37
Q

amiodarone ADRs

A

fatal dysrhythmias and hypotension

38
Q

amiodarone black box warning

A

Long term use of amiodarone can cause fatal pulmonary toxicity

39
Q

amiodarone Contraindications and Interactions

A

Heart block
Heart failure
Teratogenic

40
Q

amiodarone interventions and education

A

cardiac rhythm monitoring and vital signs before dose
take with food
no grapefruit juice
avoid OTC cold med, appetite suppressants, asthma meds
increases effects of digoxin and phenytoin

41
Q

diltiazem (Cardizem) class and other

A

Class IV calcium channel blocker

verapamil (Calan)

42
Q

diltiazem (Cardizem) therapeutic use

A

atrial tachycardia

43
Q

diltiazem (Cardizem) ADRs

A

dizziness, bradycardia, heart block

44
Q

diltiazem (Cardizem) contraindications

A

heart block
heart failure

45
Q

diltiazem (Cardizem) interventions and education

A

cardiac rhythm monitoring and vital signs before dose
avoid OTC cold meds, asthma meds, appetite suppressants

46
Q

diltiazem (Cardizem) EPA

A

blocks calcium channels, causing slower conduction through SA and AV nodes, slowing down heart rate

47
Q

adenosine

A

Unclassified Antidysrhythmic Drug

48
Q

adenosine therapeutic use

A

treats supraventricular tachycardia

49
Q

adenosine EPA

A

acts like a calcium channel blocker

50
Q

adenosine considerations

A

only given IV and must be given quickly due to short half life

51
Q

magnesium

A

unclassified antidysrhythmic drug

52
Q

magnesium therapeutic use

A

treats torsades de pointe

53
Q

magnesium EPA

A

gatekeeps calcium from the cells to prevent contractions and irritable cardiac cells that lead to dysrhythmias

PRNU 228 (19 decks)

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