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PRNU 228 > Lecture Week 6 Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Lecture Week 6 Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

what is the ending of ACE inhibitors?

A

-pril

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2
Q

what is the ending of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)?

A
  • tan
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3
Q

what is the ending of calcium channel blockers?

A

-pine

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4
Q

ACE inhibitor prototype and others

A

Captopril (Capoten)

Lisinopril, Enalopril, Ramipril

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5
Q

ACE inhibitor EPA

Captopril (Capoten)

A

Block enzyme that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II

decreases vasoconstriction, & aldosterone

reduces retention of sodium and water

leads to vasodilation & retention of K+

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6
Q

ACE inhibitor therapeutic use

Captopril (Capoten)

A

treats hypertension and heart failure

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7
Q

ACE inhibitor ADRs

Captopril (Capoten)

A

Orthostatic hypotension
dry non productive COUGH
hyperkalemia
angioedema
taste distortions
rash

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8
Q

ACE inhibitors contraindications

Captopril (Capoten)

A

teratogenic
liver disease w elevated liver enzymes
avoid NSAIDs

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9
Q

ACE inhibitors interventions and education

Captopril (Capoten)

A

avoid salt substitutes because they contain potassium
monitor BP before, during, after
warn about cough
monitor K+ for hyperkalemia

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10
Q

potassium serum normal range

A

3.5-5

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11
Q

ARBs prototype and others

A

Losartan (Cozaar)

Valsartan (Diovan), Irbesartan (Avapro)

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12
Q

ARBs EPA

Losartan (Cozaar)

A

Blocks vasoconstricting and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II

Increases renal blood flow

Vasodilation and retention of K+

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13
Q

ARBs therapeutic use

Losartan (Cozaar)

A

treatment of HTN

losartan can prevent strokes

diabetic neuropathy and heart failure

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14
Q

ARBs contraindications

Losartan (Cozaar)

A

teratogenic
children younger than 6
NSAIDs increase risk for renal complications

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15
Q

ARBs ADRs

Losartan (Cozaar)

A

angioedema
dizziness
hypotension
headache
insomnia

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16
Q

ARBs interventions and client education

Losartan (Cozaar)

A

monitor BP before, during, after
monitor potassium
monitor for angioedema

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17
Q

aldosterone antagonist prototype and others

A

Eplerenone (Inspra)

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

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18
Q

aldosterone antagonist EPA

Eplerenone (Inspra)

A

blocks aldosterone receptors thereby blocking effects of aldosterone
causes excretion of Na+ and water and retention of K+

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19
Q

aldosterone antagonist therapeutic use

Eplerenone (Inspra)

A

HTN and symptoms of heart failure following MI

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20
Q

aldosterone antagonist contraindications

Eplerenone (Inspra)

A

avoid other potassium raising meds
do not take if serum potassium >5
avoid if breastfeeding
caution in children
NSAIDs decrease affects
can cause lithium toxicity

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21
Q

aldosterone antagonist ADRs

Eplerenone (Inspra)

A

hyperkalemia

22
Q

aldosterone antagonist interventions and education

Eplerenone (Inspra)

A

monitor BP
periodic blood levels - potassium, BUN and creatinine
avoid salt substitutes

23
Q

hyperkalemia symptoms

A

palpitations
muscle twitching
weakness
paresthesia
diarrhea
slow irregular heart rate

24
Q

direct renin inhibitors prototype

A

Aliksiren (Tekturna)

25
Q

direct renin inhibitors EPA

Aliksiren (Tekturna)

A

Binds with renin thereby inhibiting activation of angiotensin I

vasodilation and urinary excretion of sodium and water

26
Q

direct renin inhibitors therapeutic use

Aliksiren (Tekturna)

A

hypertension

27
Q

direct renin inhibitors ADRs

Aliksiren (Tekturna)

A

diarrhea
indigestion
abdominal pain
angioedema

dry cough and hyperkalemia possible but less common

28
Q

direct renin inhibitors contraindications

Aliksiren (Tekturna)

A

teratogenic
less than 18 years old
serum potassium >5
use of ACE inhibitors and ARBs
increases blood levels of atorvastatin

29
Q

direct renin inhibitors intervention and education

Aliksiren (Tekturna)

A

monitor BP
monitor signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia
fatty foods can interfere with absorption
periodic blood levels - potassium, BUN and creatinine
avoid salt substitutes

30
Q

calcium channel blockers prototype and others

A

Nifedipine (Adalat) or (Procardia)

Amlodipine (Norvasc)
Verapamil (Calan)
Diltiazem (Cardizem)

31
Q

calcium channel blockers EPA

Nifedipine (Adalat) or (Procardia)

A

hypertension type exert effects on peripheral arterioles

Block calcium channels in vascular smooth muscles cells of peripheral arteries, causes vasodilation and decreased BP

32
Q

calcium channel blockers therapeutic use

Nifedipine (Adalat) or (Procardia)

A

HTN or stable angina

33
Q

calcium channel blockers ADRs

Nifedipine (Adalat) or (Procardia)

A

Reflex tachycardia
angina

Vasodilatory effects: headache, dizziness, facial flushing, peripheral edema and arrhythmias

Gingival hyperplasia

34
Q

calcium channel blockers contraindications or indications

Nifedipine (Adalat) or (Procardia)

A

avoid in children
avoid if 2nd or 3rd degree heart block
interacts with seizure meds
grapefruit juice increases levels -> hypotension

35
Q

calcium channel blockers interventions and education

Nifedipine (Adalat) or (Procardia)

A

monitor BP and heart rate
hold if systolic under 90
fall risk
peripheral edema might call for diuretic
regular dental checkups
avoid grapefruit

36
Q

Alpha 1 blockers prototype and others

A

Doxazosin (Cardura)

Prazosin (Minipress)

37
Q

Alpha 1 blockers EPA

Doxazosin (Cardura)

A

Block alpha1 receptors to cause venous and arteriolar dilation

38
Q

Alpha 1 blockers therapeutic use

Doxazosin (Cardura)

A

HTN and benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

38
Q

Alpha 1 blockers ADRs

Doxazosin (Cardura)

A

orthostatic hypotension; reflex tachycardia, headache, dizziness

39
Q

Alpha 1 blockers contraindications and interactions

Doxazosin (Cardura)

A

avoid in children
avoid in liver disease
contraindicated with viagra

40
Q

Alpha 1 blockers intervention and education

Doxazosin (Cardura)

A

carefully monitor BP when changing positions
risk for falls due to orthostatic changes
stand up slowly

41
Q

beta blockers prototype and others

A

Atenolol (Tenformin)

Metoprolol (Lopressor), Carvedilol (Coreg)

42
Q

Beta blockers EPA

Atenolol (Tenformin)

A

Block beta1 receptors

decrease in HR and contractility
cardiac output and suppresses reflex tachycardia

Block beta 1 in kidney blocks renin release

43
Q

Beta blockers therapeutic use

Atenolol (Tenformin)

A

HTN, angina, dysrhythmias, MI, heart failure

44
Q

Beta blockers ADRs

Atenolol (Tenformin)

A

Bradycardia
heart failure
Rebound excitation with sudden withdrawal

45
Q

Beta blockers contraindications and interactions

Atenolol (Tenformin)

A

bradycardia
1st degree heart block
heart failure
children <6
asthma or COPD

46
Q

Beta blockers interventions and education

Atenolol (Tenformin)

A

monitor BP and HR
hold if systolic <90 and HR <60
do not stop abruptly
monitor heart failure - SOB, edema, coughing while orthopneic

47
Q

Direct Acting Vasodilators prototype

A

Hydralazine

48
Q

Direct Acting Vasodilators EPA

Hydralazine

A

Acts directly on arterioles to relax smooth muscle leading to vasodilation

Stimulates SNS, affecting heart rate

49
Q

Direct Acting Vasodilators therapeutic use

Hydralazine

A

moderate to severe HTN

hypertensive crisis

50
Q

Direct Acting Vasodilators interventions

Hydralazine

A

monitor BP
do not stop abruptly

PRNU 228 (19 decks)

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