Infection meds Flashcards
amoxicillin (Amoxil) class
penicillin
amoxicillin (Amoxil) therapeutic use
broad spectrum for gram negative bacteria, treatment of infection or prophylaxis
some gram positive for skin, soft tissue, respiratory, GI or GU infection
amoxicillin (Amoxil) EPA
inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis, interruption of cell wall synthesis causes cell death
amoxicillin (Amoxil) ADRs
hypersensitivity
anaphylaxis
GI effects
renal and hepatic impairment
thrombophlebitis w IV administration
amoxicillin (Amoxil) contraindications and interactions
allergy to penicillin or cephalosporin
caution with severe renal impairment
safe in pregnancy and lactation
amoxicillin (Amoxil) interventions and education
monitor GI symptoms
monitor for candidiasis infection
epinephrine given for anaphylaxis
monitor BUN and creatinine
cefazolin (Ancef) class
cephalosporins
cefazolin (Ancef) therapeutic use
surgical prophylaxis
cefazolin (Ancef) EPA
inhibits bacterial wall synthesis
cefazolin (Ancef) interventions and education
monitor GI symptoms
monitor for candidiasis infection
epinephrine given for anaphylaxis
monitor BUN and creatinine
cefazolin (Ancef) contraindications and interactions
safe in pregnancy and lactation
causes bad side effects when taken with alcohol
N/V, flushing, dizziness, headache
aztreonam (Azactam) class
monobactams
aztreonam (Azactam) therapeutic use
only work on gram neg
urinary infections
lower respiratory infections
some abdominal and gyn infections
aztreonam (Azactam) EPA
inhibits bacterial wall synthesis
aztreonam (Azactam) ADRs
pain, phlebitis, and inflammation of IV
superinfection
seizures
GI effects and hypersensitivity
aztreonam (Azactam) contraindications and interactions
caution with ceph or pen allergy
not sure of safety in pregnancy and lactation
aztreonam (Azactam) interventions and education
monitor BUN and creatinine
monitor bowel function
IV form incompatible with many drugs
furosemide can increase blood levels
gentamicin class
aminoglycosides
gentamicin therapeutic use
narrow spectrum for gram neg
gentamicin EPA
disrupts protein synthesis to alter function and replication of bacteria
gentamicin ADRs
nephrotoxicity: polyuria, dilute urine, proteinuria, elevated BUN and creatinine
ototoxicity: tinnitus, headache, ataxia, vertigo
GI effects
gentamicin contraindications and interactions
avoid in pregnancy - risk for congenital deafness
avoid vanco, ceph, pen, or neuromuscular blockers
avoid in patients w tinnitus, vertigo, hearing loss
gentamicin interventions and education
monitor BUN and Creatinine
monitor serum levels
monitor for nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity
make sure patient is hydrated before starting therapy
ciprofloxacin (Cipro) class
fluoroquinolones
ciprofloxacin (Cipro) therapeutic use
treats wide range of infections and treats anthrax exposure
ciprofloxacin (Cipro) EPA
inhibits DNA synthesis, cell growth and replication
ciprofloxacin (Cipro) ADRs
CNS symptoms - dizziness, headache, confusion, seizure
rupture of achilles tendon
ciprofloxacin (Cipro) contraindications and interactions
caution in seizure disorder
warfarin increases hepatotoxicity
extreme caution in pregnancy and children
ciprofloxacin (Cipro) interventions and education
monitor for CNS symptoms
monitor for Cdiff
report achilles pain
cover skin for sun protectionn
drink 1.5L - 2L fluid per day
tetracycline class
tetracyclines
tetracycline therapeutic use
chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis
H pylori
bronchitis
lyme disease
tetracycline EPA
inhibits protein synthesis in gram neg and pos
tetracycline ADRs
GI issues
superinfection
renal and hepatotoxicity
slowed bone growth
photosensitivity
tetracycline contraindications and interactions
mineral based products decrease absorption
decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptives
avoid dairy within 2 hours of taking
avoid in pregnancy and children
tetracycline interventions and education
monitor BUN and CRE
take on empty stomach
report watery stools or jaundice
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) (Bactrim) class
sulfonamides
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) (Bactrim) therapeutic use
UTIs, topical for burns and wounds
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) (Bactrim) EPA
inhibits folic acid to stop bacterial multiplication
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) (Bactrim) ADRs
GI effects
pancreatitis
aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) (Bactrim) contraindications
newborns, lactation, pregnancy
can cause hyperbilirubinemia
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) (Bactrim) interventions and education
monitor BUN and CRE
discontinue for rash
do not use with NSAIDs
erythromycin class
macrolides
erythromycin EPA
inhibits microbial protein synthesis to cause cell death
erythromycin ADRs
GI effects
ototoxicity
cardiac effects
erythromycin contraindications and interactions
many drug interactions
caution in pregnancy and lactation
caution with liver stuff
erythromycin interventions
monitor liver function, jaundice
assess cardiac status
report change in hearing, ringing in ears, or diarrhea
vancomycin flushing syndrome
related to rate of infusion - should be diluted and administered slowly
flushing, erythema, pruritus of upper body, neck, face
can also cause dyspnea and hypotension
Isoniazid (INH) class
antitubercular
Isoniazid (INH) therapeutic use
active and latent TB
Isoniazid (INH) EPA
Inhibits mycobacterial cell wall synthesis
Isoniazid (INH) ADRs
hepatotoxicity
N/V
peripheral neuropathy from B6 deficiency
CNS effects
Isoniazid (INH) interventions and education
monitor liver function and symptoms
avoid alcohol
Isoniazid (INH) contraindications
1 hour separate from antacids
avoid in liver disease or alcohol abuse
rifampin (Rifadin) class
antitubercular rifamycin
rifampin (Rifadin) therapeutic use
active and latent TB
leprosy
meningitis
rifampin (Rifadin) EPA
broad spectrum antibiotic
rifampin (Rifadin) ADRs
turns fluids orange
hepatotoxicity
GI symptoms
rifampin (Rifadin) interventions
monitor liver function and symptoms
no alcohol
rifampin (Rifadin) contraindications and interactions
interferes with COC
avoid in liver disease and alcohol abuse
metronidazole (Flagyl) class
anti-parasitic azole antibiotic
metronidazole (Flagyl) therapeutic use
cdiff, BV, trich, giardia, abdominal infection
metronidazole (Flagyl) EPA
damages DNA of anaerobic bacteria
metronidazole (Flagyl) ADRs
GI
CNS
seizures and peripheral neuropathy
metronidazole (Flagyl) interventions and education
take with food if GI distress
discontinue for seizures or neuropathy
avoid alcohol
darkening of urine is harmless
metronidazole (Flagyl) contraindications and interactions
avoid in pregnancy, blood disorders, CNS disease
chloroquine class
antimalarial
chloroquine therapeutic use
treat and prevent malaria
chloroquine ADRs
GI symptoms
headache
visual disturbances
chloroquine interventions and education
sunglasses can reduce visual disturbances
can take with food
amphotericin B class
antifungal polyene antibiotic
amphotericin B therapeutic use
super toxic, only given with severe systemic fungal infection
only administered IV
amphotericin B EPA
interrupt integrity of fungal cell wall
Nystatin
topical or PO antifungal
swish and swallow for thrush
amphotericin B ADRs
bone marrow suppression
nephrotoxicity
thrombophlebitis
ketoconazole class
azole antifungal
ketoconazole therapeutic use
superficial and systemic fungal infections
athletes foot, jock itch
ketoconazole EPA
interrupt integrity of fungal cell wall
ketoconazole interventions
must take PO with food for better absorption
acyclovir (Zovirax) class
antiviral
acyclovir (Zovirax) therapeutic use
HSV infection, varicella, zoster
acyclovir (Zovirax) EPA
inhibits replication of viral DNA
acyclovir (Zovirax) ADRs
renal toxicity for IV administration
GI and Headache for PO
CNS toxicity
acyclovir (Zovirax) ADRs
renal toxicity for IV administration
GI and Headache for PO
CNS toxicity
