Week 6 Part 1 Flashcards
Thrombocytopenia
-the same as platelets.
-there is a critical amount of platelets= 140,000 per cubic mm- if less it is associated
with bleeding.
-remember: usually results in petechial or pupoura rash only. **
Von willebrands disease
-rare genetic disease
-non production of von willebrand’s factor
-platelet activation of blood clot formation does not occur so bleeding is more common.
-one of the parents must have the same disease as well.
-manifestations:
leakage of blood in stomach and duodenal wall development of
inflammation of mucous membrane
menorrhagia= increased amounts of blood loss during menstruation.
Hemophilias
- rare genetic disorders where you can not produce clotting factors
- develops only in males, but the gene is present only in females.
- parents of the patient do not have this
Blood in joints is dangerous because it leads to degeneration of cartilage=
secondary osteoarthritis. Blood in joints should be eliminated as soon as
possible. Destruction of RBCs iron iron gets into cartilage by imbibition
death of cartilage.
- hemophilia A
- defect of clotting factor 8 - hemophilia B
- defect of clotting factor 9 (Christmas factor)
- aka CHRISTMAS DISEASE
- non production of clotting factor 8 as well
HEMARTHROSIS.
leakage of blood into the big joints, in the case of little injury
METRORRHAGIA
leakage of blood from uterus, but not during menstruation.
-this is an important and early sign of uterus cancer.
HEMODYNAMIC DISORDERS
those that arise from the interruptions of normal blood flow (BF)
THROMBUS
-sometimes the stoppage of BF occurs due to THROMBUS which is made through the process of THROMBOSIS
Thrombus
-thrombus is a result of platelet activation and platelet aggregation. Blood clots are not formed here.
Never forms outside blood vessels always formed with blood vessels.
Originate from vascular wall and always have point of attachment to vascular wall
FORMATION OF THROMBUS (the same as blood clot formation)
-exposure of collagen fibers to the BF when the endothelial cells are scratched von
willibran factor is activated which is bound to collagen fibers activated can stop themovement of first row of platelets can stop the next row of platelets and so on
formation of a platelet plug activation of clotting factors and fibrin strands.
DIFFERENT LOCATIONS of thrombus
-if thrombus occurs in the arteries where there is high speed of blood flow, there is
retraction of the thrombus because the clotting factors are washed out. There is always
point of attachment to vascular wall
-in the veins= the blood flow is slow with low pressure, there is lots of time for activation of clotting factors and the thrombus is wider and loose (instead of contracted and dense)
LINES OF ZAHN
represent special type of thrombi characterized by visible andmicroscopic lamination produced by alternating pale layers of platelets mixed with fibrin and darker layer containing red blood cells.
Where lines of Zahn are found
-develops only in low blood flow in: (only 2 regions)
heart
-mitral stenosis: narrowing of the mitral valve for many different regions
-the blood flows through the more narrow area with less speed and less amount (the more narrow, the less BF occurs)
-there is delay of the blood in the left atrium and there is formation of a big thrombus-dark layers have RBCs and the pale layers have platelets.
aorta
Factors
predisposing to
thrombosis**
ENDOTHELIAL DAMAGE iatrogenic thrombosis flow abnormalities (in arteries) flow abnormalities ( in the veins) flow abnormalities
ENDOTHELIAL DAMAGE
A. hemodynamic stress
B. atherosclerosis
hemodynamic stress
- normal wear and tear of tissues.
- the older you are the more torn your vessels are so you have higher chances of getting athrombus.
- hypertension
- there is increased pressure of the blood onto the walls and this increases hemodynamic stress
- increased friction increased wear and tear.
