Path. 5/5/15 Flashcards
Lumphangitis
Inflammation of lymph vessels
Lymphadenitis
(Aden-means tissue) dramatic enlargement (inflammation) of the lymphatic node.
* pain here is good, means that there is no cancer.
Bacteremia
Presence of bacteria in the circulation.
*bad! Dangerous for the rest of ones life!
Leukocytosis
(More than 9,000 leukocytes per 1 cub. mm)
Increase amount of white blood cells
Predominately neutrophils
White blood cells
Neutrophils 55– 60% Lymphocytes 20– 25% Monocytes 4–8% Eosinophils 2–4% Basophils 0.5–1%
Neutrophilia
Acute bacterial infection
Short lifespan
Lymphocytosis
Increase of lymphocytes
Due to viral infection
Eosinophilia
Allergic reaction
parasitic infection
Contains antihistamine substance
Monocytosis
Increase of monocytes
Chronic bacterial infection
Long lifespan
Kinin cascade
Hageman factor (clotting factor)-> prekallikrein->kallikrein->kininogen->Brady Kinin Bradykinin accounts for pain, very unstable, undergoes destruction after five minutes by Kinin
Antibodies
Only plasma derived mediators that is not from cascade
Duration
chronic inflammation
Last more than six weeks
Character of exudate
Chronic inflammation
Always develops acute inflammation. Last 7 to 10 days and disappears.
Cell content
Chronic inflammation
Cells that immigrate into acute inflammation such as neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages.
Neutrophils last 2 to 3 days die faster and acute inflammation
Only monocytes are found in chronic inflammation
Lymphocytes are always there and chronic inflammation
Selected agents typically involved and chronic inflammation
Mycobacterium tuberculosis -> tuberculosis Mycobacterium leprae -> leprosy Listeria species -> listeriosis Treponema pallidium -> syphilis Brucella species -> brucellosis
Pneumoconiosis
Coal workers lungs
if patient inhales small particles of silica (stone)
Results in silicotic nodules- formation of a connected tissues (scar tissue)
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Swollen joints, very painful, this is a very bad part of inflammation. Develops when there is no need for inflammation
Aseptic osteonecrosis
No blood can flow to the femur head or neck due to lack of blood supply
Chronic glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the kidneys, small granulated kidneys, replace with scar tissue
Chronic inflammation arises in the following settings:
Viral infection
Persistent microbial infection
Prolonged exposure to potentially toxic agents
Autoimmune diseases
Chronic inflammation
Nonspecific chronic inflammation
Granulomatous inflammation
Granulomatous inflammation
Very specific
Accumulation of granuloma
Example tuberculosis
Multi nucleated giant cells
Coalescence of epithelial cells
Healing
A process of replacement of lost tissue, restoration of its structure, strength, and sometimes function
Parenchyma
Functional tissue
Stroma
Connected tissue, everywhere the same
Regeneration
The healing process, when tissue is replaced from parenchyma
Repair
The healing process of laying down fibrous connective tissue to restore strength and structural integrity of damaged tissue that cannot regenerate
Labile tissue
Divide continually to replace cells that are constantly being depleted by normal process
1.5%
Stable tissue
Cells do not normally divide beyond adolescence, when normal development is complete
Less than 1.5%
Permanent tissue
One which loses all mitotic activity soon after birth and never to regain it
Pathway of lymph
Lymphs->thoracic ducts->jugular vein->lymph appears in the blood.
