Quiz 3 Flashcards
Abscess
A localized accumulation of pus that develops at a focus when an agent of injury cannot be quickly neutralize
Cellulitis
Diffuse supportive inflammation
Empyema
Plus in two areas: pleural and subdural
Pleural empyema
Accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity
Subdural empyema
Plus between arachnoid and Dura mater. Closed space. Can go into the sub arachnoid space to spread everywhere. High mortality rate.
Hemorrhagic inflammation
Inflammation associated with the movement of white blood cells to the tissues. Red blood cells move into the tissues as well but not associated with inflammation
Cellular component
Cells move into the site of inflammation from the blood vessels
Leukocyte emigration
Outpouring of large amount of white blood cells from the blood.
* associated with injury
Axial blood flow
Fluid that flows into ways. Laminar fluid flow and turbulent flow.
* blood flows through the vessels smooth and friction free
Laminar fluid flow
Flow parallel to each other
Turbulent flow
Absence or disruption of parallel flow of various layers of the s
Margination
Peripheral position of white blood cells near the vascular endothelium
* next step, epithelia cells become sticky and stops the motion of white blood cells
Pavementing
Of the leukocytes is there adherence to the endothelial cell surface
Leukocyte emigration
Cell membrane floats away and the white blood cells appears outside the blood vessel. Get outside only post capillary Venules
Diapedesis
Passive escape for red blood cells into site of inflammation.
-Leukocyte emigration, Active escape of the white blood cells into site of inflammation
Neutrophils
Most common, majority of white blood cells. 2 to 5 lobes, 50 to 60% of all white blood cells
First line of defense against inflammation. They peak at 12 hours and declined to 0 at 24 hours
Short lifespan eight hours to three days - never involved when inflammation is chronic
Participate in killing bacteria
Eosinophils
Two nucleus, granules with the red/pink color
Basophils
Very rare, close to eosinophils granules with dark purple color, two lobes nucleus
Lymphocytes
One nucleus, no granules under light microscope
Monocytes
Largest cells of blood cells, one lobe, no granules
4 to 8% in the blood
Life span up to 30 days
Can stay in tissue when inflammation is chronic
Once in tissue monocyte turns to macrophage
Polymorphonuclear cells
More than one lobe nuclei. Associated with the Phils of white blood cells
Granulocytes
Cells containing granules. Associate with the Phil’s of the white blood cells
Mononuclear cells
Only have one nucleus associate with the cytes of WBCs
Agranulocyte
Cells without granules associated with the cytes of WBCs
Which white blood cells go out of the blood vessel and into the tissues?
Neutrophils and monocytes
Macrophage
Known as antigen presenting cells
Victims of HIV virus
Phagocytosis
Engulf and eliminate
Chemotaxis
Something in the blood attracts the cells to the intruders
Step one of phagocytosis
Step two is engulfment
Ingestion
Release of enzymes through lysosomes which try to digest the intruder or divide into fragment
Step three of phagocytosis
Exocytosis
Removes the intruder
Phagocytic cells
First cells that go to site of infection first. Neutrophils, monocyte/macrophages, eosinophils
Oxygen independent mechanisms
Enzymes in the cells that digest intruders, lysozyme, elastase, and collagenase
Defensin
Antibiotic like substance produced by some cells (only neutrophils produce these)
Oxygen dependent mechanisms
Free radicals
Can lead to oxygenation of cell membranes which can lead to destruction
Free oxygen which is damaging
Superoxide anion, hypochlorite anion
Superoxide anion
Free oxygen one charge
Hypochlorite anion
Disinfection of H2O and pools
Hydrogen peroxide
Release free 02, uses surgery military surgery, kills bacteria in Wounds, pushes tissue debris outside by the bubbling of O2
Can be used to lighten hair
Pus
Formation of specific exudate. Source of infection
