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Path. > Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Abscess

A

A localized accumulation of pus that develops at a focus when an agent of injury cannot be quickly neutralize

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2
Q

Cellulitis

A

Diffuse supportive inflammation

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3
Q

Empyema

A

Plus in two areas: pleural and subdural

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4
Q

Pleural empyema

A

Accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity

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5
Q

Subdural empyema

A

Plus between arachnoid and Dura mater. Closed space. Can go into the sub arachnoid space to spread everywhere. High mortality rate.

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6
Q

Hemorrhagic inflammation

A

Inflammation associated with the movement of white blood cells to the tissues. Red blood cells move into the tissues as well but not associated with inflammation

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7
Q

Cellular component

A

Cells move into the site of inflammation from the blood vessels

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8
Q

Leukocyte emigration

A

Outpouring of large amount of white blood cells from the blood.
* associated with injury

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9
Q

Axial blood flow

A

Fluid that flows into ways. Laminar fluid flow and turbulent flow.
* blood flows through the vessels smooth and friction free

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10
Q

Laminar fluid flow

A

Flow parallel to each other

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11
Q

Turbulent flow

A

Absence or disruption of parallel flow of various layers of the s

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12
Q

Margination

A

Peripheral position of white blood cells near the vascular endothelium
* next step, epithelia cells become sticky and stops the motion of white blood cells

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13
Q

Pavementing

A

Of the leukocytes is there adherence to the endothelial cell surface

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14
Q

Leukocyte emigration

A

Cell membrane floats away and the white blood cells appears outside the blood vessel. Get outside only post capillary Venules

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15
Q

Diapedesis

A

Passive escape for red blood cells into site of inflammation.
-Leukocyte emigration, Active escape of the white blood cells into site of inflammation

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16
Q

Neutrophils

A

Most common, majority of white blood cells. 2 to 5 lobes, 50 to 60% of all white blood cells
First line of defense against inflammation. They peak at 12 hours and declined to 0 at 24 hours
Short lifespan eight hours to three days - never involved when inflammation is chronic
Participate in killing bacteria

17
Q

Eosinophils

A

Two nucleus, granules with the red/pink color

18
Q

Basophils

A

Very rare, close to eosinophils granules with dark purple color, two lobes nucleus

19
Q

Lymphocytes

A

One nucleus, no granules under light microscope

20
Q

Monocytes

A

Largest cells of blood cells, one lobe, no granules
4 to 8% in the blood
Life span up to 30 days
Can stay in tissue when inflammation is chronic
Once in tissue monocyte turns to macrophage

21
Q

Polymorphonuclear cells

A

More than one lobe nuclei. Associated with the Phils of white blood cells

22
Q

Granulocytes

A

Cells containing granules. Associate with the Phil’s of the white blood cells

23
Q

Mononuclear cells

A

Only have one nucleus associate with the cytes of WBCs

24
Q

Agranulocyte

A

Cells without granules associated with the cytes of WBCs

25
Q

Which white blood cells go out of the blood vessel and into the tissues?

A

Neutrophils and monocytes

26
Q

Macrophage

A

Known as antigen presenting cells

Victims of HIV virus

27
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Engulf and eliminate

28
Q

Chemotaxis

A

Something in the blood attracts the cells to the intruders
Step one of phagocytosis
Step two is engulfment

29
Q

Ingestion

A

Release of enzymes through lysosomes which try to digest the intruder or divide into fragment
Step three of phagocytosis

30
Q

Exocytosis

A

Removes the intruder

31
Q

Phagocytic cells

A

First cells that go to site of infection first. Neutrophils, monocyte/macrophages, eosinophils

32
Q

Oxygen independent mechanisms

A

Enzymes in the cells that digest intruders, lysozyme, elastase, and collagenase

33
Q

Defensin

A

Antibiotic like substance produced by some cells (only neutrophils produce these)

34
Q

Oxygen dependent mechanisms

A

Free radicals
Can lead to oxygenation of cell membranes which can lead to destruction
Free oxygen which is damaging
Superoxide anion, hypochlorite anion

35
Q

Superoxide anion

A

Free oxygen one charge

36
Q

Hypochlorite anion

A

Disinfection of H2O and pools

37
Q

Hydrogen peroxide

A

Release free 02, uses surgery military surgery, kills bacteria in Wounds, pushes tissue debris outside by the bubbling of O2
Can be used to lighten hair

38
Q

Pus

A

Formation of specific exudate. Source of infection

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