Quiz 3 P2

Question 1

Chronic granulomatous disease of children

Answer 1

Genetic, associated with nonproduction of free radicals by phagocytic cells, live no more than 2 years due to bacterial infection

Question 2

Chédiak-Higashi syndrome

Answer 2

Genetic, absence of normal motility and the de-granulation of Phagocytic cells. children do not live more than two years and die due to bacterial infection

Question 3

Histamine

Answer 3

Most common mediator of inflammation. Majority is located in the mast cells, loss of granules
Basophils and platelets are some sources

Question 4

Functions of histamine

Answer 4

Vasodilation
increased permeability of blood vessels
bronchospasm
increase production of mucus by mucous glands in the bronchospasm

Question 5

Degranulation

Answer 5

Opening of granules

Question 6

Cause of mast cell degranulation

Answer 6

Physical injury/trauma (direct contact or exposure to temperature)
Type one hypersensitivity reaction
Anaphylotoxins C3a, C5a (stimulate degranulation of mast cells)
Neuropeptides (substance P)
Cytokines IL-1, IL-8

Question 7

Serotonin

Answer 7

Mediator of inflammation located in platelets
found a mast cells of rodents, but not humans
Mimics action of histamine, increased permeability of blood vessels

Question 8

Substance P

Answer 8

Increased permeability of post capillary venules
Neuropeptide
Produced in the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system
Found in the lungs and G.I. tract
Promotion of pain signal
regulates endocrine balance

Question 9

Defects of leukocyte function

Answer 9

Chronic granulomatous disease of children

Chédiak-Higashi syndrome

Question 10

Nitric oxide

Answer 10

A.k.a. endothelium derived relaxing Factor
Produced by endothelial cells and also macrophages and brain tissue
Vasodilator
Cellular component of inflammation
Inhibition of leukocyte recruitment

Question 11

Eicosanoids

Answer 11

Products of arachidonic acid (AA)

Question 12

PGD2

Answer 12

Produced in mast cells
bronchospasm (asthma)
Inhibition of hair growth especially in males

Question 13

PGE2

Answer 13

Hyperalgesia, pain
Fever
Uterine contraction
And relaxation of cervix during labor, miscarriage

Question 14

PGF2 alpha

Answer 14

Corpus luteum –> Luteolysis –> stops production of progesterone –> induces labor, miscarriage

Question 15

COX – 1 inhibitor

Answer 15

Inhibition of Proto glands production, regular exchange of salt and water. Examples: ibuprofen (Advil), Aleve (naproxen), aspirin, and Indomethacin

Question 16

COX – 2 inhibitor

Answer 16

Vioxx – very weak, result in death can cause myocardial infarction
Celebrex
meloxicam

Question 17

Tumor necrosis factor

Answer 17

Kills tumors

Plays important role of inflammation along side with interleukins - 1&6

Question 18

Acute phase responses for tumor necrosis factor

Answer 18

Fever
decreased appetite
increased sleep
increase acute phase proteins (ex. C-RP)(follow degree of inflammation and body)
hemodynamic effects (shock)
neutrophilia (due to inflammation)

Question 19

Plasma derived mediators of information

Answer 19

Blood contains various components of biochemical cascades

The mediators in plasma produce a cascade - when one is activated it will activate the rest

Question 20

Hageman factor (clotting factor)

Answer 20

Leads to activation of four Cascades:
Coagulation cascade 
fibrinolytic cascade
complement cascade
Kinin cascade

Question 21

Coagulation cascade

Answer 21

Homeostasis – prevention of blood loss

Question 22

Fibrinolytic cascade

Answer 22

Prevents too much formation of blood clot

Question 23

Complement cascade

Answer 23

Important promoter of hemolytic reaction – fragments = C3a – C5a – C4a

Question 24

Kinin cascade

Answer 24

Only one for mediation of inflammation