Quiz 3 P2 Flashcards
Chronic granulomatous disease of children
Genetic, associated with nonproduction of free radicals by phagocytic cells, live no more than 2 years due to bacterial infection
Chédiak-Higashi syndrome
Genetic, absence of normal motility and the de-granulation of Phagocytic cells. children do not live more than two years and die due to bacterial infection
Histamine
Most common mediator of inflammation. Majority is located in the mast cells, loss of granules
Basophils and platelets are some sources
Functions of histamine
Vasodilation
increased permeability of blood vessels
bronchospasm
increase production of mucus by mucous glands in the bronchospasm
Degranulation
Opening of granules
Cause of mast cell degranulation
Physical injury/trauma (direct contact or exposure to temperature)
Type one hypersensitivity reaction
Anaphylotoxins C3a, C5a (stimulate degranulation of mast cells)
Neuropeptides (substance P)
Cytokines IL-1, IL-8
Serotonin
Mediator of inflammation located in platelets
found a mast cells of rodents, but not humans
Mimics action of histamine, increased permeability of blood vessels
Substance P
Increased permeability of post capillary venules
Neuropeptide
Produced in the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system
Found in the lungs and G.I. tract
Promotion of pain signal
regulates endocrine balance
Defects of leukocyte function
Chronic granulomatous disease of children
Chédiak-Higashi syndrome
Nitric oxide
A.k.a. endothelium derived relaxing Factor
Produced by endothelial cells and also macrophages and brain tissue
Vasodilator
Cellular component of inflammation
Inhibition of leukocyte recruitment
Eicosanoids
Products of arachidonic acid (AA)
PGD2
Produced in mast cells
bronchospasm (asthma)
Inhibition of hair growth especially in males
PGE2
Hyperalgesia, pain
Fever
Uterine contraction
And relaxation of cervix during labor, miscarriage
PGF2 alpha
Corpus luteum –> Luteolysis –> stops production of progesterone –> induces labor, miscarriage
COX – 1 inhibitor
Inhibition of Proto glands production, regular exchange of salt and water. Examples: ibuprofen (Advil), Aleve (naproxen), aspirin, and Indomethacin
COX – 2 inhibitor
Vioxx – very weak, result in death can cause myocardial infarction
Celebrex
meloxicam
Tumor necrosis factor
Kills tumors
Plays important role of inflammation along side with interleukins - 1&6
Acute phase responses for tumor necrosis factor
Fever decreased appetite increased sleep increase acute phase proteins (ex. C-RP)(follow degree of inflammation and body) hemodynamic effects (shock) neutrophilia (due to inflammation)
Plasma derived mediators of information
Blood contains various components of biochemical cascades
The mediators in plasma produce a cascade - when one is activated it will activate the rest
Hageman factor (clotting factor)
Leads to activation of four Cascades: Coagulation cascade fibrinolytic cascade complement cascade Kinin cascade
Coagulation cascade
Homeostasis – prevention of blood loss
Fibrinolytic cascade
Prevents too much formation of blood clot
Complement cascade
Important promoter of hemolytic reaction – fragments = C3a – C5a – C4a
Kinin cascade
Only one for mediation of inflammation
