Week 4 - Study Guide - Olfactory Flashcards
Where are the Olfactory sensors located?
Nasal cavity
Olfactory neurons are what kind of cells?
Bipolar cells
The sensors (cilia) will extend the axon of the sensory neurons up to the brain
Olfactory neurons sensors (cilia) & process to olfactory bulb through…
the cribriform plate (to tract) to temporal lobe
What cool feature can happen when the olfactory is sheared off - when the brain moved but the skull did not - sheared off connection between sensory structures of the olfactory and the brain
Regenerates in ~ 60 days
Can regrow receptors
How does the olfactory nerve able to regenerate
help of the Schwann cells
Helps to tell signal where to go
**Oligondrycytes do not work this way
What is the only sense that does not pass through the Thalamus?
Olfactory
which is why smelling slats work to awaken a person that passed out
What membrane do the smelly molecules interact with?
Ciliary membrane of the olfactory epithelium
Molecules we can smell will interact with the cilia based on …
- relative size
- shape
- polarity
The chemical characteristics of whatever the smell is
Smelly molecules must be
Water-soluble
and has a 2nd messenger system
G-proteins -> cAMP-> ion channels
Odor bind to
Receptor
Anything we can taste has to be
Water-Soluble
to interact wit hteh stastebuds,
send APs,
to the Parietal Lobe
How do we sense taste
it has to interact with chemoreceptors
What is Gustation?
the sense of taste
Anything we can taste has to be in
- a chemical in a solution to
- allow for APs
- to send to Parietal Lobe
The nerves associated with gustation
- Facial nerve
- Glossopharyngeal nerve
tongue & throat
What are the papillae (bumps) on your tongue?
Taste buds
Has chemoreceptors and hair
Encapsulated Nerve Endings are
Dead ends in the tissue fo our skin
Cutaneous receptors - name three of them
- Tactile (Meissner’s) corpuscles
- Lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles
- Ruffini’s corpuscles
What is the name of the cutaneous receptors that sense fine touch?
Meissener’s corpuscles
What is the name of the cutaneous receptors that sense deep in skin & hypodermis sensation and heavier pressure?
Pacinian corpuscles
What is the name of the cutaneous receptors that sense a stretch in dense connective tissue?
Ruffini’s corpuscles
If you have an area with a lot of receptors you will be really good at
sensing anything that touches you in that location
The threshold to touch detection is low
If you have high-density receptors - meaning
you have a low touch detection threshold -
it does not take much stimuli to get you to notice
so the structure is very SENSITIVE
If you have Low-density receptors - meaning
The touch detection threshold is high
You need a BIG stimulus to get you to notice it.
not very sensitive at these structures
Areas with lots of receptors are
face, hands, toes
use to interact with the world
Where are we terrible at sensing things?
Pain in internal organs
Localizing the sensation
Why is it that we are terrible about localizing pain in internal organs?
Internal mapping of our body and pain is not good
Where are we good at pain sensation and localizing?
The surface of the body
Because we have a body map in the Parietal Lobe
What cortex only has body surface map?
Sensory Cortex
Homonculus -
Somatic meaning
Body surface & Somatotopy
Retinotopic Mapping
Meaning
- There is one point in the visual field
- Visual Stimuli have specific point of origin
- (Maps) projects to a specific region of the retina
- Which mas to a specific point in the Occipital Lobe (visual cortex)
Conduction Deafness
blocked sound conduction to he fluids of the internal ear
can result from impacted earwax, perforated eardrum, or otosclerosis of the ossicles
Sensorineural Deafness
Damage to the neural structures at any point from the cochlear hair cells to the auditory cortical cells
Tinnitus
Ringing or clicking sound in the ears in absence of auditory stimuli
Dues to cochlear nerve degeneration, inflammation of middle or inner ears, side effects of aspirin
Meniere’s syndrome
labyrinth disorder that affects the cochlea and the semicircular canals
causes vertigo, nausea, and vomiting
Hemifield
Half of visual field
Damage to R optic tract
loss L 1/2 of visual field in both eyes
Hemiretina
Half of the posterior of the eye
Damage to L optic nerve
Loss of vision in left eye
Damage to optic chiasm
Loss of peripheral vision
Damage to R nasal hemiretina
Loss of peripheral vision R eye
