Week 4 - Study Guide - Olfactory

Question 1

Where are the Olfactory sensors located?

Answer 1

Nasal cavity

Question 2

Olfactory neurons are what kind of cells?

Answer 2

Bipolar cells

The sensors (cilia) will extend the axon of the sensory neurons up to the brain

Question 3

Olfactory neurons sensors (cilia) & process to olfactory bulb through…

Answer 3

the cribriform plate (to tract) to temporal lobe

Question 4

What cool feature can happen when the olfactory is sheared off - when the brain moved but the skull did not - sheared off connection between sensory structures of the olfactory and the brain

Answer 4

Regenerates in ~ 60 days

Can regrow receptors

Question 5

How does the olfactory nerve able to regenerate

Answer 5

help of the Schwann cells

Helps to tell signal where to go

**Oligondrycytes do not work this way

Question 6

What is the only sense that does not pass through the Thalamus?

Answer 6

Olfactory

which is why smelling slats work to awaken a person that passed out

Question 7

What membrane do the smelly molecules interact with?

Answer 7

Ciliary membrane of the olfactory epithelium

Question 8

Molecules we can smell will interact with the cilia based on …

Answer 8

1. relative size
2. shape
3. polarity

The chemical characteristics of whatever the smell is

Question 9

Smelly molecules must be

Answer 9

Water-soluble

and has a 2nd messenger system
G-proteins -> cAMP-> ion channels

Question 10

Odor bind to

Answer 10

Receptor

Question 11

Anything we can taste has to be

Answer 11

Water-Soluble

to interact wit hteh stastebuds,
send APs,
to the Parietal Lobe

Question 12

How do we sense taste

Answer 12

it has to interact with chemoreceptors

Question 13

What is Gustation?

Answer 13

the sense of taste

Question 14

Anything we can taste has to be in

Answer 14

1. a chemical in a solution to
2. allow for APs
3. to send to Parietal Lobe

Question 15

The nerves associated with gustation

Answer 15

1. Facial nerve
2. Glossopharyngeal nerve

tongue & throat

Question 16

What are the papillae (bumps) on your tongue?

Answer 16

Taste buds

Has chemoreceptors and hair

Question 17

Encapsulated Nerve Endings are

Answer 17

Dead ends in the tissue fo our skin

Question 18

Cutaneous receptors - name three of them

Answer 18

1. Tactile (Meissner’s) corpuscles
2. Lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles
3. Ruffini’s corpuscles

Question 19

What is the name of the cutaneous receptors that sense fine touch?

Answer 19

Meissener’s corpuscles

Question 20

What is the name of the cutaneous receptors that sense deep in skin & hypodermis sensation and heavier pressure?

Answer 20

Pacinian corpuscles

Question 21

What is the name of the cutaneous receptors that sense a stretch in dense connective tissue?

Answer 21

Ruffini’s corpuscles

Question 22

If you have an area with a lot of receptors you will be really good at

Answer 22

sensing anything that touches you in that location

The threshold to touch detection is low

Question 23

If you have high-density receptors - meaning

Answer 23

you have a low touch detection threshold -
it does not take much stimuli to get you to notice

so the structure is very SENSITIVE

Question 24

If you have Low-density receptors - meaning

Answer 24

The touch detection threshold is high

You need a BIG stimulus to get you to notice it.

not very sensitive at these structures

Question 25

Areas with lots of receptors are

Answer 25

face, hands, toes

use to interact with the world

Question 26

Where are we terrible at sensing things?

Answer 26

Pain in internal organs

Localizing the sensation

Question 27

Why is it that we are terrible about localizing pain in internal organs?

Answer 27

Internal mapping of our body and pain is not good

Question 28

Where are we good at pain sensation and localizing?

Answer 28

The surface of the body

Because we have a body map in the Parietal Lobe

Question 29

What cortex only has body surface map?

Answer 29

Sensory Cortex

Homonculus -

Question 30

Somatic meaning

Answer 30

Body surface & Somatotopy

Question 31

Retinotopic Mapping
Meaning

Answer 31

1. There is one point in the visual field
2. Visual Stimuli have specific point of origin
3. (Maps) projects to a specific region of the retina
4. Which mas to a specific point in the Occipital Lobe (visual cortex)

Question 32

Conduction Deafness

Answer 32

blocked sound conduction to he fluids of the internal ear

can result from impacted earwax, perforated eardrum, or otosclerosis of the ossicles

Question 33

Sensorineural Deafness

Answer 33

Damage to the neural structures at any point from the cochlear hair cells to the auditory cortical cells

Question 34

Tinnitus

Answer 34

Ringing or clicking sound in the ears in absence of auditory stimuli

Dues to cochlear nerve degeneration, inflammation of middle or inner ears, side effects of aspirin

Question 35

Meniere’s syndrome

Answer 35

labyrinth disorder that affects the cochlea and the semicircular canals

causes vertigo, nausea, and vomiting

Question 36

Hemifield

Answer 36

Half of visual field

Question 37

Damage to R optic tract

Answer 37

loss L 1/2 of visual field in both eyes

Question 38

Hemiretina

Answer 38

Half of the posterior of the eye

Question 39

Damage to L optic nerve

Answer 39

Loss of vision in left eye

Question 40

Damage to optic chiasm

Answer 40

Loss of peripheral vision

Question 41

Damage to R nasal hemiretina

Answer 41

Loss of peripheral vision R eye