CH 16 Endocrine - Practice Exam

Question 1

Oxytocin ______.

a.) exerts its most important effects during menstruation
b.) release is an example of a positive feedback control mechanism
c.) controls milk production
d.) is an adenohypophyseal secretion

Answer 1

b.) release is an example of a positive feedback control mechanism

Question 2

Normal development of the immune response is due in part to hormones produced by the _____.

a.) adrenal medulla
b.) pancreas
c.) thymus gland
d.) thyroid gland

Answer 2

c.) thymus gland

Question 3

Regulating hormones from the hypothalamus ____.

a.) enter the hepatic portal system, which feeds the pituitary
b.) enter the venous circulation and travel to the heart, which pumps the hormone-containing blood to the pituitary
c.) first enter into the hypophyseal portal system
d.) travel by arteries to the pituitary

Answer 3

c.) first enter into the hypophyseal portal system

Question 4

Several hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and transported to the anterior pituitary gland. The mechanism of transportation from hypothalamus and transported to the anterior pituitary gland is through the _____.

a.) hepatic portal system
b.) feedback loop
c.) hypophyseal portal system
d.) general circulatory system

Answer 4

c.) hypophyseal portal system

Question 5

Mineralocorticoid is to aldosterone as glucocorticoid is to _____.

a.) cortisol
b.) estrogen
c.) epinephrine
d.) testosterone

Answer 5

a.) cortisol

Question 6

Steroid hormones exert their action by ____.

a.) stimulating the synthesis of a glycogen
b.) finding an appropriate cell receptor and initiating cAMP activity
c.) increasing blood pressure
d.) enter the nucleus of a cell and initiating or altering the expression of a gene

Answer 6

d.) enter the nucleus of a cell and initiating or altering the expression of a gene

Question 7

Virtually all of the protein or amino acid-based hormones exert their effects through intracellular_________.

a.) second messengers
b.) deactivators
c.) nucleotides
d.) ions

Answer 7

a.) second messengers

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a category of endocrine gland stimulus?

a.) neural
b.) humoral
c.) enzyme
d.) hormonal

Answer 8

c.) enzyme

Question 9

ACTH ____.

a.) is not a tropic hormone
b.) causes the release of hormones from the adrenal medulla
c.) is secreted by the posterior pituitary
d.) secretion is regulated by a hypothalamic secretion

Answer 9

d.) secretion is regulated by a hypothalamic secretion

Question 10

The neurohypophysis or posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is NOT a true endocrine gland because ____.

a.) embryonically it was an endocrine tissue, but in the adult human it is no longer functional
b.) it is only a hormone storage area that receives hormones from the hypothalamus for release
c.) it is strictly a part of the neural system and has little or nothing to do with hormonal release
d.) it is unable to function as an endocrine tissue because it is actually part of the neural system due to its location

Answer 10

b.) it is only a hormone storage area that receives hormones from the hypothalamus for release

Question 11

The most important regulator of electrolyte concentrations in extracellular fluids is ____.

a.) aldosterone
b.) insulin
c.) glucagon
d.) cortisol

Answer 11

a.) aldosterone

Question 12

Which of the following is true about calcium homeostasis?

a.) High calcium levels cause bone resorption
b.) Parathyroid hormone is the single most important regulator of calcium levels in the blood
c.) increased calcitonin levels will cause increased blood calcium levels
d.) Parathyroid hormone causes an increase in osteoblast activity

Answer 12

b.) Parathyroid hormone is the single most important regulator of calcium levels in the blood

Question 13

The major targets of growth hormone are _____.

a.) bones and skeletal muscles
b.) blood vessels
c.) liver
d.) adrenal gland

Answer 13

a.) bones and skeletal muscles

Question 14

How do glucocorticoids enable the body to deal appropriately with stress?

a.) by blocking the neurotransmitters that prepare for the stress response
b.) by decreasing the heart rate, thus decreasing blood pressure
c.) by increasing blood glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid levels and enhancing blood pressure
d.) by stimulating the pancreas to release insulin

Answer 14

c.) by increasing blood glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid levels and enhancing blood pressure

Question 15

When it becomes necessary to enlist the fight-or-flight response, a hormone that is released during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome is ______.

a.) angiotensinogen
b.) epinephrine
c.) estrogen
d.) renin

Answer 15

b.) epinephrine

Question 16

Aldosterone _____.

a.) is secreted by the neurohypophysis
b.) presence increases potassium concentration in the blood
c.) functions to increase sodium reabsorption
d.) production is greatly influenced by ACTH

Answer 16

c.) functions to increase sodium reabsorption

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a cardinal sign of diabetes mellitus?

a.) polyphagia
b.) polyuria
c.) polydipsia
d.) all of these are signs

Answer 17

d.) all of these are signs

Question 18

ADH ___.

a.) promotes dehydration
b.) is produced in the adenohypophysis
c.) increases urine production
d.) is inhibited by alcohol

Answer 18

d.) is inhibited by alcohol

Question 19

The ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on _____.

a.) the location of the tissue or organ with respect to the circulatory path
b.) nothing - all hormones of the human are able to stimulate any and all cell types because hormones are powerful and nonspecific
c.) the presence of the appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organ
d.) the membrane potential of the cells of the target organ

Answer 19

c.) the presence of the appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organ

Question 20

The parathyroid glands maintain adequate levels of blood calcium. This is accomplished through ____.

a.) blocking the action of growth hormone
b.) targeting the bone and activating osteoclasts so that calcium will be released
c.) slowing the activity of tissues that require calcium for activity
d.) antagonizing the synthesis of calcium

Answer 20

b.) targeting the bone and activating osteoclasts so that calcium will be released