Week 2- pregenancy and antenatal care Flashcards
What are the cultural consideration needed for maternity paitents?
Langauge barriers prefered birth practices prefered practices for birth and care treatment prefrences need for sensitivity avoiding cultural bias ensuring cultural saftey minorites groups and Sosioeconimic demographics
How can language barriers be over come in the maternity paitent>
Translator, family members, crews that might be able to speak other languages, online resources, body language/non-verbal communication
What might be conisdered in relation to prefered practices in the maternity paitent?
Ask what are their wishes what they are comfortable with involve in decision making process pain relif vs not prefered postions prefernce for female attendednt
How can cultural beleifs be respected when dealing with the paitent?
use family members to complete parts of assessment
cultural mindfulness
combating issues through awearness, education, social inclusivity
How can we avoid cultural bias?
try to remove bias before entering scene
ensure same level of duty of care facilitated
idntifying personal biases and adressing them
How do we consider cultural awearness when treating a maternity paitent?
identify the normaility that exists within various cultures and act with respect
acknowalge differences and be aware of belifes and practices
what does antepartum/pospartum refer to?
Antepartum- period prior to child birth
Postpartum- period after child birth
What do gravida and parity refer to?
Gravid- number of pregnancies that the paitent has had- no matter what the outcome of pregnancy and including current pregnancy
Parity- number of pregnanacies that have been completes- lasted to at least 24 weeks gestation- twins only counts as one pregnancy
what does prima gravida refer to?
first every pregnancy
what term is used to describe a person that has never been preganat
Nulligravida
what is a person who has never given birth refered to?
Nuliparity or nuliparious
mulitigravia refers to?
somebody who has been pregnant more than once
what does gran multigravia refer to?
a woman who has carried 6 more more pregnancy to more tahn 24 weeks
What are the timeframs for the three trimesters?
1 up untill 13 weeks
2- 13-26 weeks
3rd 26 weeks untill birth of baby
what occurs during the 3 trimesters?
1- rapid embryo development, uterus remains in pelvis
2- foetus continues to develop, uterus moves to abdomen
3- lower segment of uterus streches and uterus continues to move up, foetal development slows and baby gains weight
what do term premature very premature and post term mean?
term- between 37-42 weeks
preterm <37 gestation
very premature- <30
poster term >42 weeks
What occurs in the first stage of labour?
1st- consists of painful regular contractions resulting in full cervical dilation
3 phases, latent, active and transition
What occurs in the second stage of labour?
Full dilation to arrival of baby
2nd phases- lull and expulsive
what is involved in the third stage of labour?
time from the baby born to the delivery of the placenta
what is the definition of labour
normal process by which the foteus and placenta are expelled from the birth cannal
What things will be done on the first antenatal vist?
confirm pregnancy, ultrasound, blood test, symptoms
Paitent history, vaccine status, ensure taking folic acid suplimments
establishing maternal/paternal risk factors
Social/lifestyle history
what effect can low folate have on a developing foetus?
Critical for neural tube development and can cause spina Bifida
What affect may smoking have on the development of the foetus?
Low birth weight, premature labour, congential defects (cleft pallet)
what affects can alcohol have on a developing foetus?
causes miscariage, premataure birth, and may result in foetal alcohol syndrome
why would you ask a paitent in an antenatal appointment if they have a cat?
Toxoplamosis- presnt in cat feaces can cause developmental problems- linked to scizophrenia
what is check on in antenatal appointments?
BMI, blood pressure, urin analysis, diabetes, growth of baby
what is a mutagen?
a physical or chmial agent that causes genetic material to undergo structural changes all mutagens are teratogens
what is a carcinogen?
an agent that by either direct or indirect action causes normal cells to become neoplastic
