week 10 - neonatal transition

Question 1

what are the difintion of foetus, newborn, neonate and infante?

Answer 1

foetus- unborn human
newborn up to 24 hours
nenoate- up to 28 days
infant birth to a year

Question 2

what are the umbilical arteries?

Answer 2

carry dexygenated from nenate to mother branching from internal illiac artiers at a pressure of 50mmhg

Question 3

what is the umbilical vein?

Answer 3

carry oxygentatde blood from mother to nenoate
connects to portal circulation where blood is shunted to IVC via ductus venosus
pressure normally 20mmhg

Question 4

what are the three shunts in the foetal circulations?

Answer 4

ductus venous

forman oval and ductus arteriouses

Question 5

what does the ductus venous allow?

Answer 5

shunts portion of left unmbilical vein bypasses liver inot IVC into right atrium

Question 6

what is the degree of shunting through the ductus venous?

Answer 6

30% at 20 weeks and 18% at 32 weeks

Question 7

what happens to the ductus venouses after birth?

Answer 7

closes soon after birth as blood flow is reduced/stopped from umbilical vein- colts and closes

Question 8

what is the foraman ovale?

Answer 8

defect/tunnel between the atria

Question 9

what is the flow of blood through the foraman ovale?

Answer 9

oxygenated blood from IVC into right atrium into left atrium due to lower pressures in the atrium compared to the right ventrical

Question 10

how long does it take for the foraman ovale close?

Answer 10

closes within first few months

Question 11

what is a patent formen ovale? what are the risks of this?

Answer 11

when the foraman ovale doesnt close
usually doesnt cause complications- small risk of hypoxeia if large- blood bypassing the lungs
small riske of stroke-

Question 12

what is the ductus ateriosis?

Answer 12

blood vellse connecting the main pulmonary artery to the proximal decending aorta

Question 13

what does the ductus arteriosis allow for?

Answer 13

bulk of blood from right ventrcal to bypas foetal lungs as no gas exchagehigh pressure into the aorta to travel to lower body

Question 14

how long does it take for the ductus arterious to close?

Answer 14

when baby starts crying/lungs active- snap shut relativly quickly

Question 15

what is a patenet ductus arteriosis? what can this cause?

Answer 15

left to right shunt and needs to be corected and lead to pulomanry hypotnesion and cardiac arythmias

Question 16

when is surfactant produced?

Answer 16

begins around 30 weeks and normally adequate levels by 35 weeks

Question 17

what is the blood flow like in foetal lungs?

Answer 17

minimal because resistance is so high- foetal SPO2 around 40-60%

Question 18

how are the foetal lungs in the uterus compared to the outside?

Answer 18

Lungs is completely felated
lymphatic system drain fluid in lungs at birth
baby cires and inflates longs

Question 19

when are the primative reflexs formed?

Answer 19

most reflexs are present 3-4 months into pregnancie

Question 20

when is the primative gut present in foetal delveopment?

Answer 20

by the 4th week of gestation

Question 21

what consists of the primitive gut in the foetus?

Answer 21

forgut, midgut and hindgut- will develop into organs in the GIT

Question 22

what happens in the second and third tirmester in regarrds to the foetal GIT?

Answer 22

2- foetus begings to injects amniotic fluid

3- foetus beging to form meuconium which may be passed prior or after birth

Question 23

when does the foetal renal system begin to develop?

Answer 23

2nd trimester foetus begins to excrete urin into the amnion

Question 24

how much of the amniotic fluid at birth is foetal urine?

Answer 24

70-80 %

kidney problems in the foetusmay present as obligohydraminos- low levels of fluid