Week 10 Lectures

Question 1

What is the purpose of the Wansink article?

Answer 1

The purpose of the paper is to test if object size stimulates variable food serving response. It also strives to determine if this effect is conscious to the person serving.

Question 2

What is the size contract illusion?

Answer 2

A visual bias where centered object is altered by the size of surrounding objects

Question 3

What is the perceptual illusion?

Answer 3

Although an object’s physical size holds constant,
perception of size differs across the local stimuli

Question 4

What was the purpose of Nudge Ch. 9?

Answer 4

The purpose of the reading was to describe what a sludge is

Question 5

What is the purpose of Werner Ch. 10?

Answer 5

To explain how to deliver first aid response and describe revival techniques and emergency responses

Question 6

What is a stimulus?

Answer 6

any change in the local environment that arouses sense organ response

Question 7

What is a gradient stimulus?

Answer 7

All stimuli have a quantifiable gradient and measured in decibels

Question 8

What are the decibel examples?

Answer 8

0 dB: threshold of human hearing
50 dB talking
150 dB: fireworks

Question 9

What is an aversive stimulus?

Answer 9

a change in the local environment that evokes an organism’s avoidance response

Question 10

What is avoidance response?

Answer 10

any response used to escape aversive stimuli

Question 11

What are two components that make up avoidance response?

Answer 11

sensory and proximity

Question 12

What is sensory in avoidance response?

Answer 12

control of one’s body (plug ears, cover eyes)

Question 13

What is proximity in avoidance response?

Answer 13

control of distance (exit area, avoid people)

Question 14

What are aversive stimuli examples?

Answer 14

Loud construction
Foul odor
Bright lights
Painful dental work

Question 15

What is negative reinforcement?

Answer 15

the removal of an aversive stimulus stimulus INCREASES the likelihood of a response recurring

Question 16

What are examples of negative reinforcement?

Answer 16

1. A person with headache takes advil, less pain
2. Person in traffic takes alternative route, less delay
3. Person in withdrawal takes drug, less craving
4. Person in snow puts on coat, less chill

Question 17

What is true about responses?

Answer 17

1. An organism response depends on the gradient of a stimulus
2. Aversive stimulus cause avoidance responses
3. Removing the aversive stimulus after a response is known as negative reinforcement

Question 18

In the Skinner study, what was used to measure positive reinforcement?

Answer 18

Food