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S1 BIO 100 A&P 1 > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

Intro to human body, homeostasis, planes, directions, and positions

1
Q

Body lying face up

A

Supine

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2
Q

Abdominopelvic quadrants

A

Right upper quadrant RUQ
Left upper quadrant LUQ
Right lower quadrant RLQ
Left lower quadrant LLQ

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3
Q

Thumb movements

A

Flexion, extension, opposition, adduction, and abduction

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4
Q

Organ level

A

Structure made up of. Two of more different types of tissue that perform a special function together

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5
Q

Knee movements

A

Flexion, extension, lateral rotation of the flexed knee, and medial rotation of the flexed knee

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6
Q

Elbow and forearm movements

A

Elbow flexion, elbow extension, supination of the forearm, and pronation of the forearm

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7
Q

Feed-forward

A

Info may flow ahead to another process to trigger a change in anticipation of an event that will follow (eating- stomach send signals to small intestine before food arrives)

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8
Q

LUQ

A

Stomach, spleen

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9
Q

Spine and thorax movements

A

Flexion, extension, rotation, and lateral flexion

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10
Q

Ribs/thorax movements

A

Elevation/expansion and depression/collapse

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11
Q

Chemical level

A

Atom / molecules / macromolecules

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12
Q

Catabolism

A

The breakdown of larger structures to release energy

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13
Q

RUQ

A

Liver, gallbladder

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14
Q

Effector

A

A body structure that receives output from control center and produces an effect or response

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15
Q

Anterior

A

Front or in front of

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16
Q

Foot movements

A

Inversion and eversion

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17
Q

Homeostasis

A

Relative constancy of body’s internal environment despite internal and external environmental changes. Need a constant termperature, pressure, and chemical composition in a set point range

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18
Q

Integrator

A

Body structure that receives infor from receptor, evaluates it, and send an output command to an effector (efferent pathway)

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19
Q

Homeostatic control mechanisms

A

Processes for maintaining or restoring homeostasis (feedback loops)

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20
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

Abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity

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21
Q

Negative feedback loop

A

Inhibitory. Change is opposed by creating a response that is opposite in direction to the initial disturbance. Stabilizes physiological variables EX blood pressure or thermostat or wound bleed out

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22
Q

Axial

A

Head, neck, trunk

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23
Q

Posterior

A

Back or in back of

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24
Q

Lateral

A

Farther away from the midline, toward the side of the body

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25
Tissue level
Groups of similar cells and surrounding matrix that work together to perform a particular function
26
Caudal
Toward the feet, away from the head, lower or below
27
Cellular level
Smallest living level that possess basic characteristics of life. Surrounded by membrane and have a single nucleus and organelles
28
Ventral
Toward the stomach (upright position only)
29
Hypochondriac
Under cartilage (ribs)
30
Anabolism
Building up of larger structures to store energy
31
Sensor mechanism
Monitors changes in a controlled condition and sends information to a control center (sensory nerve cells using afferent pathway)
32
Iliac
Refers to ileum or lowest part of small intestine
33
Abdominopelvic regions | Upper - Middle - Lower
Upper: Right hypochondriac region, epigastric region, and left hypochondriac region Middle: right lumbar region, umbilical region, and left lumbar region Lower: right iliac region, hypogastric region, and left iliac region
34
Deep
Away from the body surface
35
Ipsilateral
On the same side of the body as the reference point
36
Medial
Nearer or toward the midline
37
Dorsal cavity
Cranial and spinal cavities
38
Pelvis movements
Anterior tilt, posterior tilt, and lateral tilt
39
Feedback systems
4 components: sensor mechanism, integrator or control center, effector mechanism, and feedback
40
4 planes
Sagittal: divides body into left and right Coronal: divides body into front and back Transverse: divides body into superior and inferior Oblique: diagonal plane at any angle other than 90
41
Characteristics of the living organism (10)
Responsiveness - conductivity - growth - respiration - digestion - absorption - secretion - excretion - circulation - reproduction
42
RLQ
Appendix, small intestine, colon
43
Hypogastric
Below the stomach
44
Body temp set point range
97-100
45
Appendicular
Upper.lower extremities and connections to axial portion
46
Anatomical position
Standing straight up with face, feet, and palms facing forward.
47
Body lying face down
Prone
48
Dorsal
Toward the back (upright position only)
49
Intracellular homeostatic control
Regulate functions within the cell
50
Finger movements
Flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction
51
Shoulder movements
Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, horizontal adduction, horizontal abduction, internal/medial rotation, and external/lateral rotation
52
Gross anatomy
Limited to asked eye dissections (gross or whole examination)
53
Physiology
Science that deals with the functions of the living organism and its parts
54
Matrix
Structural support, not alive. Holds all cells together and works with tissue
55
LLQ
Small intestine, colon
56
System level
Involves varying numbers and types of organs arrranged so that together, they perform complex functions for the body (11 systems in body)
57
Epigastric
Upon or around stomach
58
Systemic anatomy
Study body by systems (groups of organs with common function)
59
Mandible movements
Depression, elevation, protraction, retraction, and lateral deviation
60
Inferior
Toward the feet, away from the head, lower or below
61
Superficial
Toward or on the skin
62
Intrinsic homeostatic control
Operate at the tissue and organ levels. “Local control or auto regulation”
63
Levels of structural organization
Organ system > organism > organ > tissue > cell > organelle > chemical
64
Developmental anatomy
Human growth/development
65
Ankle movements
Dorisflexion and plantarflexion
66
Cranial
Toward the head, upper, or above
67
Contralateral
On the opposite side of the body as the reference point
68
Wrist movements
Flexion, extension, radial deviation/abduction and ulnar deviation/adduction
69
Organelle level
Structure made of molecules organized in such a way that it can perform a specific function. Cannot survive outside of the cell
70
Types of tissue
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous
71
Proximal
Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk or origination of a structure
72
Neck movements
Flexion, extension, rotation, and lateral flexion
73
Superior
Toward the head, upper, or above
74
Toe movements
Flexion and extension
75
Metabolism
The sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body
76
Ventral cavity
Thoracic and abdomicopelvic cavity
77
Extrinsic homeostatic control
“Outside control” operates at the system or organism level. Nerve signals and hormones outside the organ control the response
78
Cephalic
Toward the head, upper, or above
79
Hip movements
Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal/medial rotation, and external/lateral rotation
80
Pathological anatomy
Disease
81
Positive feedback loop
Stimulatory. Does NOT maintain homeostasis and tends to amplify or reinforce change. EX labor or sneeze or blood clots
82
Microscopic anatomy (2)
Histology: study of tissues Cytology: study of cells
83
Distal
Farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk or farther from the origination of a structure
84
Thoracic cavity
Right and left pleural cavities, mediastinum, pericardial cavity

S1 BIO 100 A&P 1 (24 decks)

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