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S1 BIO 100 A&P 1 > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

Intro to human body, homeostasis, planes, directions, and positions

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1
Q

Body lying face up

A

Supine

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2
Q

Abdominopelvic quadrants

A

Right upper quadrant RUQ
Left upper quadrant LUQ
Right lower quadrant RLQ
Left lower quadrant LLQ

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3
Q

Thumb movements

A

Flexion, extension, opposition, adduction, and abduction

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4
Q

Organ level

A

Structure made up of. Two of more different types of tissue that perform a special function together

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5
Q

Knee movements

A

Flexion, extension, lateral rotation of the flexed knee, and medial rotation of the flexed knee

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6
Q

Elbow and forearm movements

A

Elbow flexion, elbow extension, supination of the forearm, and pronation of the forearm

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7
Q

Feed-forward

A

Info may flow ahead to another process to trigger a change in anticipation of an event that will follow (eating- stomach send signals to small intestine before food arrives)

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8
Q

LUQ

A

Stomach, spleen

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9
Q

Spine and thorax movements

A

Flexion, extension, rotation, and lateral flexion

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10
Q

Ribs/thorax movements

A

Elevation/expansion and depression/collapse

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11
Q

Chemical level

A

Atom / molecules / macromolecules

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12
Q

Catabolism

A

The breakdown of larger structures to release energy

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13
Q

RUQ

A

Liver, gallbladder

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14
Q

Effector

A

A body structure that receives output from control center and produces an effect or response

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15
Q

Anterior

A

Front or in front of

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16
Q

Foot movements

A

Inversion and eversion

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17
Q

Homeostasis

A

Relative constancy of body’s internal environment despite internal and external environmental changes. Need a constant termperature, pressure, and chemical composition in a set point range

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18
Q

Integrator

A

Body structure that receives infor from receptor, evaluates it, and send an output command to an effector (efferent pathway)

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19
Q

Homeostatic control mechanisms

A

Processes for maintaining or restoring homeostasis (feedback loops)

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20
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

Abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity

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21
Q

Negative feedback loop

A

Inhibitory. Change is opposed by creating a response that is opposite in direction to the initial disturbance. Stabilizes physiological variables EX blood pressure or thermostat or wound bleed out

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22
Q

Axial

A

Head, neck, trunk

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23
Q

Posterior

A

Back or in back of

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24
Q

Lateral

A

Farther away from the midline, toward the side of the body

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25
Q

Tissue level

A

Groups of similar cells and surrounding matrix that work together to perform a particular function

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26
Q

Caudal

A

Toward the feet, away from the head, lower or below

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27
Q

Cellular level

A

Smallest living level that possess basic characteristics of life. Surrounded by membrane and have a single nucleus and organelles

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28
Q

Ventral

A

Toward the stomach (upright position only)

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29
Q

Hypochondriac

A

Under cartilage (ribs)

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30
Q

Anabolism

A

Building up of larger structures to store energy

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31
Q

Sensor mechanism

A

Monitors changes in a controlled condition and sends information to a control center (sensory nerve cells using afferent pathway)

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32
Q

Iliac

A

Refers to ileum or lowest part of small intestine

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33
Q

Abdominopelvic regions

Upper - Middle - Lower

A

Upper: Right hypochondriac region, epigastric region, and left hypochondriac region
Middle: right lumbar region, umbilical region, and left lumbar region
Lower: right iliac region, hypogastric region, and left iliac region

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34
Q

Deep

A

Away from the body surface

35
Q

Ipsilateral

A

On the same side of the body as the reference point

36
Q

Medial

A

Nearer or toward the midline

37
Q

Dorsal cavity

A

Cranial and spinal cavities

38
Q

Pelvis movements

A

Anterior tilt, posterior tilt, and lateral tilt

39
Q

Feedback systems

A

4 components: sensor mechanism, integrator or control center, effector mechanism, and feedback

40
Q

4 planes

A

Sagittal: divides body into left and right
Coronal: divides body into front and back
Transverse: divides body into superior and inferior
Oblique: diagonal plane at any angle other than 90

41
Q

Characteristics of the living organism (10)

A

Responsiveness - conductivity - growth - respiration - digestion - absorption - secretion - excretion - circulation - reproduction

42
Q

RLQ

A

Appendix, small intestine, colon

43
Q

Hypogastric

A

Below the stomach

44
Q

Body temp set point range

A

97-100

45
Q

Appendicular

A

Upper.lower extremities and connections to axial portion

46
Q

Anatomical position

A

Standing straight up with face, feet, and palms facing forward.

47
Q

Body lying face down

A

Prone

48
Q

Dorsal

A

Toward the back (upright position only)

49
Q

Intracellular homeostatic control

A

Regulate functions within the cell

50
Q

Finger movements

A

Flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction

51
Q

Shoulder movements

A

Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, horizontal adduction, horizontal abduction, internal/medial rotation, and external/lateral rotation

52
Q

Gross anatomy

A

Limited to asked eye dissections (gross or whole examination)

53
Q

Physiology

A

Science that deals with the functions of the living organism and its parts

54
Q

Matrix

A

Structural support, not alive. Holds all cells together and works with tissue

55
Q

LLQ

A

Small intestine, colon

56
Q

System level

A

Involves varying numbers and types of organs arrranged so that together, they perform complex functions for the body (11 systems in body)

57
Q

Epigastric

A

Upon or around stomach

58
Q

Systemic anatomy

A

Study body by systems (groups of organs with common function)

59
Q

Mandible movements

A

Depression, elevation, protraction, retraction, and lateral deviation

60
Q

Inferior

A

Toward the feet, away from the head, lower or below

61
Q

Superficial

A

Toward or on the skin

62
Q

Intrinsic homeostatic control

A

Operate at the tissue and organ levels. “Local control or auto regulation”

63
Q

Levels of structural organization

A

Organ system > organism > organ > tissue > cell > organelle > chemical

64
Q

Developmental anatomy

A

Human growth/development

65
Q

Ankle movements

A

Dorisflexion and plantarflexion

66
Q

Cranial

A

Toward the head, upper, or above

67
Q

Contralateral

A

On the opposite side of the body as the reference point

68
Q

Wrist movements

A

Flexion, extension, radial deviation/abduction and ulnar deviation/adduction

69
Q

Organelle level

A

Structure made of molecules organized in such a way that it can perform a specific function. Cannot survive outside of the cell

70
Q

Types of tissue

A

Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous

71
Q

Proximal

A

Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk or origination of a structure

72
Q

Neck movements

A

Flexion, extension, rotation, and lateral flexion

73
Q

Superior

A

Toward the head, upper, or above

74
Q

Toe movements

A

Flexion and extension

75
Q

Metabolism

A

The sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body

76
Q

Ventral cavity

A

Thoracic and abdomicopelvic cavity

77
Q

Extrinsic homeostatic control

A

“Outside control” operates at the system or organism level. Nerve signals and hormones outside the organ control the response

78
Q

Cephalic

A

Toward the head, upper, or above

79
Q

Hip movements

A

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal/medial rotation, and external/lateral rotation

80
Q

Pathological anatomy

A

Disease

81
Q

Positive feedback loop

A

Stimulatory. Does NOT maintain homeostasis and tends to amplify or reinforce change. EX labor or sneeze or blood clots

82
Q

Microscopic anatomy (2)

A

Histology: study of tissues
Cytology: study of cells

83
Q

Distal

A

Farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk or farther from the origination of a structure

84
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Right and left pleural cavities, mediastinum, pericardial cavity

S1 BIO 100 A&P 1 (24 decks)

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