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S1 BIO 100 A&P 1 > Articulations > Flashcards

Articulations Flashcards

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1
Q

Joint classification

A
  1. Structural - based on presence of fluid filled joint space and type of connective tissue
  2. Functional - based on tupe of movement allowed at joint
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2
Q

Fibrous Synarthroses

A
  • no joint cavity
  • bones fit closely together
  • little to no movement
  • 3 types (syndesmoses, sutures, and gomphoses)
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3
Q

Syndesmoses

A

Joints in which ligaments connect two bones

  • slightly moveable (ligament flexibility)
  • radius and ulna
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4
Q

Sutures

A

Found only in skull

  • thin layer of fibrous connective tissue
  • adjacent bones interlock
  • immovable in adults, slight movement in children
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5
Q

Gomphoses

A
  • formed between root of tooth and the sockets (alveoli) of mandible or maxillae
  • immovable joint when healthy
  • fibrous tissue between root and bone called periodontal membrane
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6
Q

Cartilaginous amphiarthroses

A
  • no joint cavity
  • bones of joints are joined together by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage
  • no motion or very little motion
  • 2 types (synchondroses and symphyses)
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7
Q

Synchondroses

A
  • connecting material between articulating bones is hyaline cartilage
  • immovable
  • 1st rib and manubrium
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8
Q

Symphyses

A

Joint with a pad or disc of fibrocartilage between two bones

  • most occur in midline of body
  • slight movement
  • pubic symphysis
  • between vertebrae
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9
Q

Synovial joints

A

Freely moveable joints

  • diarthroses
  • comprise of majority of joints in appendicular skeleton
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10
Q

7 structures of synovial joints

A
  1. Joint capsule
  2. Synovial membrane
  3. Articular cartilage
  4. Joint cavity
  5. Menisci (articular discs)
  6. Ligaments
  7. Bursae/tendon sheath
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11
Q

Joint capsule

A
  • forms complete casing around synovial joint

- extension of the periosteum of each of the articulating bones

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12
Q

Synovial membrane

A
  • lines the inner surface of joint capsule
  • arranges to the margins of the articular cartilage
  • secretes synovial fluid (lubricates and nourishes)
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13
Q

Articular cartilage

A
  • thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the articular surfaces of bones
  • reduces friction during movement and absorbs shock
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14
Q

Joint cavity

A
  • small space between bones

- allows for extensive movement

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15
Q

Menisci (articular disks)

A
  • pads of fibrocartilage located between articulating bones
  • usually divide the joint cavity into two separate spaces allowing separate movements
  • Functions:
    1. Shock absorption
    2. Better fit between articulating bones
    3. Larger contact surface for weight bearing
    4. Synovial fluid distribution across joint surfaces
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16
Q

Labrum

A
  • fibrocartilaginous lip that extends form joint socket
  • deepens joint socket of shoulder and hip
  • increases contact area between articulating bones
17
Q

Ligaments

A

Strong cords of dense, regular fibrous tissue that hold bones of synovial joint together more firmly

18
Q

Bursae

A
  • saclike structure surrounded by synovial membrane
  • filled with synovial fluid
  • between skin and bones, tendons and bones, or ligaments and bones
  • cushion joint or facilitate movement of tendons
19
Q

Tendon (synovial) sheaths

A
  • tubelike bursae that wrap around tendons that receive a lot of wear and tear
  • extension of joint capsule but wraps around tendon
  • protects tendon as it slides back and forth with movement
20
Q

Types of synovial joints

A
  1. Uniaxial: hinge and pivot
  2. Biaxial: saddle and condyloid
  3. Multiraxial: ball-and-socket and gliding
21
Q

Uniaxial joints

A

Synovial joint that permit movement around one axis and only one plane

  1. Hinge: elbow
  2. Pivot: head of radius against ulna
22
Q

Hinge joint

A
  • uniaxial

- convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another bone

23
Q

Pivot joint

A
  • uniaxial

- projection of one bone articulates with a ring or notch of another bone

24
Q

Biaxial joints

A

Synovial diarthroses that permit movement around two perpendicalar axes in two perpendicular planes

  • saddle
  • condyloid
25
Q

Saddle joint

A

Biaxial

  • articulating ends of the bones resemble reciprocally shaped miniature saddles
  • only in the thumb (1st cmc joint)
26
Q

Condyloid (ellipsoidal) joint

A

Biaxial

  • condyloid fits into an elliptical socket
  • condyloid of the occiput in the elliptical depressions of the atlas
  • the dental end of the radius fitting into the depression of the carpal bones (scaphoid, lunate, and triquitrum)
27
Q

Multiraxial joint

A

Synovial joints that permit movements around 3+ axes in 3+ planes

  • ball and socket
  • gliding
28
Q

Ball and socket joint

A

Multiaxial

  • most movable joint
  • ball-shaped head of one bone fits into a concave depression
  • shoulder/hip
29
Q

Gliding joint

A

Multiaxial

  • relatively flat articulating surfaces that allow sliding movements along various axes
  • intervertebral joints
30
Q

Synovial Gliding movements

A
  • nearly flat bones move back and forth from side to side
  • limited in range secondary to support structures and joint capsule
  • can be combined with rotational movements
  • examples include intercapral and intertarsal joints
31
Q

Synovial Angular movements

A
  • increase or decrease in the angle between the bones

- flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and lateral flexion

32
Q

Synovial Special movements

A
  • occur only in certain joints
  • include: elevation/depression, protraction/retraction, inversion/eversión, Doris flexion/plantarflexion, supination/pronation, and opposition

S1 BIO 100 A&P 1 (24 decks)

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