Blood

Question 1

Blood

Answer 1

Made up of plasme (55%) and formed elements (45%)

• complex transport medium that performs vital pickup and delivery services for the body
• keystone of body’s heat-regulating mechanism

Question 2

Formed elements

Answer 2

Various kinds of blood cells: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

Question 3

Blood volume

Answer 3

• 8% of total body weight in average-sized adults
• blood volume varies according to age, body type, sex, and method of measurement
  Females: 4-5 liters
  Males: 5-6 liters

Question 4

Composition of blood

Answer 4

• whole blood separates if allowed to stand or spun in a centrifuge

Question 5

Hematocrit

Answer 5

The volume percent of red blood cells in whole blood

Question 6

Erythrocytes

Answer 6

Red blood cells

• shaped like tiny, bicóncava discs
• hemoglobin, the red protein pigment, is the primary component
• red blood cells are the most numerous of the formed elements

Question 7

Function of RBC

Answer 7

• play a critical role in the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body
• both of these functions depend on hemoglobin
• the total surface area of all the RBCs in an adult is enormous: equal to an area larger than a football field

Question 8

Leukocytes

Answer 8

White blood cells

• 5 types (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes)
• classified according to presence or absence of granules and the staining quality of their cytoplasm

Question 9

Granulocytes

Answer 9

Include WBCs that have larde granules in their cytoplasm

- neutrophils - eosinophils - basophils

Question 10

Agranulocytes

Answer 10

Include WBCs without cytoplasmic granules

- lymphocytes - monocytes

Question 11

Neutrophils

Answer 11

• make up approx 65% of total WBC count in normal blood sample
• they are highly mobile and very active phagocytes cells
• they migrate out of blood vessels and enter the tissue space
• these cells are attracted to the site of an infection in repsonse to an inflammatory response

Question 12

Eosinophils

Answer 12

• typically account for 2-5% of circulating WBC
• they are numerous in the mucous membranes of respiratory and digestive tracts
• weak phagocytes: capable of ingesting inflammatory chemicals and proteins associated with antigen-antibody reaction complexes
• mainly release granules that regulate body’s immune response
• provide protection against infections caused by parasitic worms and allergic reactions

Question 13

Basophils

Answer 13

The least numerous of the WBC- only account for 0.5-1% of total WBC count
- granules contain histamine (inflammatory chemical)

Question 14

Lymphocytes

Answer 14

• these are the smallest of the WBC
• they are the second most numerous type of WBC, next to neutrophils
• account for approx 25% of circulating WBC
• two types (T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes)
• both have important roles in immunity

Question 15

Monocytes

Answer 15

The largest type of leukocyte

• mobile and highly phagocytes cells
• capable of engulfing large bacterial organisms and viral-infected cells