UE articulations

Question 1

Types and ROMovement at synovial joints

Answer 1

• Factors that determine type:
  
  1. shapes of the articulating surfaces of the bones
  2. positions of the joints’ ligaments and nearby muscles and tendons
• types of movements: gliding, angular, rotation, and special movements

Question 2

Gliding movements

Answer 2

• simplest of all
• articular surfaces of relatively flat bones glide over articular surfaces of other bones without any angular or circular movement; movement is back and forth, side to side
• where?
  
  1. Intercarpal
  2. Intertarsal
  3. Articular facets of vertebrae

Question 3

ROM

Answer 3

Range of motion assessment is used to determine the extent of joint injury
- goniómetro

Question 4

Shoulder

Answer 4

• glenohumeral, sternoclavicular, acromialclavicular joint
• shallowness of glenoid fossa allows movement
• glenoid labrum: narrow rim of fibrocartilage around the glenoid cavity that adds depth to the cavity
• most commonly dislocated (anteriorly)

Question 5

Sternoclavicular joint

Answer 5

Synovial joint

• diarthroses
• gliding
• medial end of clavicle with the manubrium of the sternum

Question 6

Acromioclavicular joint

Answer 6

Synovial

• diarthroses
• gliding; elevation, depression, protraction, and retraction
• distal end of the clavicle with the acrimino of the scapula
• site of shoulder separation

Question 7

Humeroulnar overview

Answer 7

• classical hinge joint
• single joint capsule surrounds the elbow joint
• medial and lateral epicondyle are externally palpable bony landmarks

Question 8

Humeroulnar joint

Answer 8

• synovial hinge joint
• extension and flexion
• trochlea of the humerus with the semilunar notch of the ulna; head of the radius with the capitulamos of the humerus

Question 9

Shoulder joint

Answer 9

• synovial ball and socket joint
• flexion, extension, abd, add, rotation, and circumdaunciton of the upper part of the arm
• head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity of the scapular

Question 10

Humeroulnar joint (radioulnar)

Answer 10

• synovial pivot joint
• supination and pronation of the forearm and hand; rotation of the forearm on the upper extremity
• head of the radius in the radial notch of the ulna
• stabilized by the annular ligament
• dislocation (nursemaid’s elbow) is typically inferior and lateral

Question 11

Humeroradial joint

Answer 11

Lateral articulation of capitulum of humerus with head of the radius

Question 12

Olecranon bursa

Answer 12

• located just under the skin on the posterior surface overlying the olecranon process of the ulna
• olecranon bursitis is inflammation of the bursa

Question 13

Funny bone

Answer 13

• the ulnar nerve runs between the olecranon process and the medial epicondyle
• blows to this area produce unpleasant sensations in the hand and fingers supplied by the nerve

Question 14

Distal radioulnar joint

Answer 14

• point of articulation between ulnar notch of radius and head of ulna
• together with proximal radioulnar joint permits pronation and supination

Question 15

Radiocarpal joints

Answer 15

• synovial condyloid joint
• flexion, extension, abd, and add of the hand
• scaphoid, lunate, and triquetral bones articulate with the radius and articular disk

Question 16

Wrist fractures

Answer 16

• scaphoid: heals slowly due to limited blood supply

- radial styloid process: dinner-fork deformity

Question 17

Intercarpal joints

Answer 17

• synovial hinge joint
• flexion and extension
• between phalanges

Question 18

Carpometacarpal joints

Answer 18

• synovial hinge joint
• flexion, extension, limited abd, add of fingers
• distal end of metacarpal bones with proximal end of the phalanges

Question 19

1st cmc joint

Answer 19

• synovial saddle joint
• flexion, extension, abd, add, and circumduction of the thumb and opposition to the fingers
• proximal end of the first metacarpal bone with the trapezium