Intro to tissues

Question 1

Basement membrane

Answer 1

In collagen: thing, glue-like connection between a sheet of epithelial cells and underlying fibrous connective tissue. Serve as screens for blood capillaries and lining sacs

Question 2

Holding tissues together…

Answer 2

1. ECM holds tissue in single mass, ECM binds to integrins
2. Intercellular junctions hold cells in tissues, sheets, or continuous muscles
3. ECM does not bind but is surrounding fluid

Question 3

Tissue repair

Answer 3

Via phagocytosis and regenteration (growth of functional new tissue)
- epithelial and some connective tissues have greatest ability to regenerate
- muscle and nervous tissue have limited capacity to regenerate
M: repair with fibrous CT, non-contractile and loses ability to function
N: repair needs neuralgia support

Question 4

Epithelial membranes (3)

Answer 4

1. Cutaneous
2. Serous
3. Mucous

Question 5

Components of ECM

Answer 5

1. Collagen
2. Elastin
3. Glycoproteins

Question 6

Tissue

Answer 6

A groups of similar cells that perform a common function. Group of cells that usually have a common origin inn an embryo and function together to carry out specialized activities

1. Epithelial
2. Connective
3. Muscle
4. Nervous

Question 7

Keloid

Answer 7

Atypical and unusually thick scar that may develop in the lower layer of the skin

Question 8

Body membrane

Answer 8

Thin, sheet like structure.

1. Epithelial membranes
2. Connective tissue membranes

Question 9

ECM

Answer 9

Extracellular matrix is fluid material between cells in tissue. Contains water, proteins, and proteogylcans

Question 10

Collagen

Answer 10

Occur in twisted bundles - Protein, white color - provide stength to tensile/longitudinal forces - most abundant protein compound in body - hydrated collagen = gelatin

Question 11

Mucus membrane

Answer 11

Lines organs/cavities that open to the exterior environment (respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reporductive tracts)

• mucus: protection, lubricant, sticky trap for contaminants that is a watery secretion mixture of proteoglycans
• clinically important because most likely to interact with external micro-organisms.

Question 12

Elastin

Answer 12

Provides elasticity and can be stretched 150% of relaxed length and return to normal without damage.

• essentially tissue failure if stretched too far because cannot return to normal
• held in fibrous shape by microfilaments
• looks yellow
• found in skin, blood vessel walls, structures of ear and lung tissue.

Question 13

Glycoproteins and protegylcans

Answer 13

P: carbohydrates with protein backbone
G: proteins with carbohydrate subunits
- unite cells and their surroundings into integral structure
- provides communication between ECM and cell to allow coordination of cell/tissue development, shape changes, cell movement

Question 14

Serous membrane

Answer 14

Lines organs/cavities that are not open to external environment. Produce a thing, waters fluid that lubricate organs to recur friction

1. Parietal: lines walls of cavities
2. Visceral: covers organs

Question 15

Connective tissue membranes

Answer 15

Synovial membranes lining the spaces between bones and joints that move

• smooth, slick, secrete thick colorless lubrication fluid (synovial)
• also line bursae between moving body parts
• lack epithelium

Question 16

Cutaneous membrane

Answer 16

Covers body surfaces that are exposed to external environment and is the priamary organ of the integumentary system.
-largest organ - 16% of body weight - contains superficial layer of epithelial cells and underlying layer of supportive connective tissue

Question 17

Primary germ layers

Answer 17

Ectoderm: outer layer (skin, brain and spinal cord)
Mesoderm: middle layer (muscle, bones, etc)
Endoderm: inner layer (organs, lungs)

Question 18

Body membrane functions (5)

Answer 18

1. Cover and protect body surface
2. Line body cavities
3. Cover the inner surfaces of hollow organs
4. Anchor organs to each other or to bones
5. Cover internal organs

Question 19

Scar

Answer 19

Dense fibrous mass when damage is too deep or large

Question 20

Reticular fibers

Answer 20

In collagen: 3D networks that support capillaries and nerve fibers. Thinner than collagen and made of reticulin