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S1 BIO 100 A&P 1 > Cell structure > Flashcards

Cell structure Flashcards

Chapters 5

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1
Q

Golgi apparatus description

A

Stack of flattened sacs (cisternae) surrounded by vesicles

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2
Q

Nucleus

A

Largest cell structures and located in central area. Not part of cytoplasm

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3
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Gel-like substance made of organelles and molecules suspended in watery fluid called cytosol (intracellular fluid)

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4
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Separates intracellular from extracellular environments. Two back to back layers of lipids in a chain

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5
Q

Chromatin

A

Formed from DNA, RNA, and proteins. Take form of chromosomes in dividing cells.

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6
Q

Golgi apparatus functions

A

Synthesizes carbohydrate, combines it with protein, and packages the product as globules of glycoproteins

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7
Q

Microvilli function

A

Tiny fingerlike extensions that increase a cell’s abosorptive surface area

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8
Q

Amphipatic (plasma membrane)

A

Lipids in the bilayer have both polar and non-polar parts. Hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails. This allows lipid soluble molecules to pass through the membrane

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9
Q

Microvilli description

A

Short, fingerlike extensions of plasma membrane and supported internally by microfiliments

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10
Q

Centrioles

A

Barrial shaped organelles comprised of microtubules. Form bases for cilia and flagella

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11
Q

Vesicles description

A

Tiny membranous sacs

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12
Q

Cytoskeleton function

A

Supporting framework of the cell and its organelles - functions in cell movement using molecular motors - forms cell extensions (microvilli, cilia, flagella)

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13
Q

Lipid rafts

A

Stiff groupings of membrane molecules (cholesterol) that travel along surface and organize/create cell depressions that get pulled into the cell

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14
Q

Composite cell

A

Exhibits most important characteristics of many different cells

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15
Q

Cell connections

A

Integrins. Hold cells in place, anchored into matrix. Help with cell to cell connections and allow direct communication between cells

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16
Q

Centrosome function

A

Acts as the microtublues-organizing center of the cell - centrioles assist in forming and organizing microtubules

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17
Q

Main cell structures

A
  1. Plasma membrane
  2. Cytoplasm (includes organelles0
  3. Nucleus
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18
Q

ER function

A

ER folds and shines he’s polypeptides - synthesizes integral membrane proteins (IMPS) and membrane lipids incorporated in cell membranes, steroid hormaones, detoxification enzymes, glycogen-regulating enzymes, and carbohydrates - removes and stores Ca2++ from cell’s interior

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19
Q

Cilia and flagella description

A

Moderate (cilia) to long (flagella) hairlike extensions of plasma membrane - supported internally by cylindrical formation of microtubules, sometimes with attached molecular motors

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20
Q

Desmosomes

A

Hold adjacent cells together.

  1. Spot desmosomes: fibers interlock like Velcro. Anchored internally by cytoskeleton intermediate filaments
  2. Belt desmosomes: completely encircles the cell. Adhesive belt
21
Q

Tight junctions

A

Created by fusion of similar integral membrane proteins to limit permeability (plastic around a sixer). Molecules must go through controlled channel or use carrier molecules to get through.

22
Q

Plasma membrane components percentage

A

Phospholipids 75%, cholesterol 20%, and glycolipids (phospholipids with carb groups attached) 5%

23
Q

Centrosome description

A

Region of cytoskeleton that includes two cylindrical groupings of microtubules called centrioles

24
Q

Lysosomes description

A

Tiny membranous bags containing enzymes

25
Q

Plasma membrane structure model

A

-Fluid mosaic model: fluid sea of lipids (always moving) and mosaic of proteins on surface or embedded through membrane

26
Q

Centrosome components

A

Centrioles and pericentriolar material

27
Q

Ovum

A

Largest cell, female sex cell

28
Q

Peroxisomes description

A

Tiny membranous bags confining enzymes

29
Q

Lysosomes functions

A

Digestive enzymes break down defective cell parts (autophagy) and ingested particles - a cell’s “digestive system” - some lysosomes involved in membrane repair or secretion

30
Q

Ribosomes description

A

Small particles assembled from two tiny subunits of rRNA and protein

31
Q

Nucleus contents

A

DNA, RNA, cluster of proteins

32
Q

Vesicles functions

A

Temporarily contain molecules for transport or later use

33
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum description

A

Network of canals and space extending from the nuclear envelope; may have ribosomes attached

34
Q

Mitochondria description

A

Tiny membranous capsule surrounding an inner nightly folded membrane embedded with enzymes. Has small, ring like chromosomes (DNA)

35
Q

Proteasomes function

A

Destroys misfolded or their wise abnormal proteins manufactured by the cell - quality control for protein synthesis

36
Q

Membranous organelles

A

Sacs/canals made of cell membrane

37
Q

Organelles

A

Little, non-living organs.

38
Q

Cytoskeleton description

A

Network of inter connecting flexible filaments, still tubules, and molecular motors within the cell

39
Q

Proteasomes discriptions

A

Hollow protein cylinders with embedded enzymes

40
Q

Integral membrane proteins

A

Firmly embedded in membrane.

  1. Transport: gates can be specific or closed/open
  2. Identification: distinguish between “self” and “non-self” cells, attacking non-self
  3. Signaling: receptors signal transduction. React to hormones/chemicals
  4. Connection: connect cell membrane to another membrane to another membrane (tissues)
41
Q

Peroxisomes function

A

Enzymes detoxify harmful substances in the cell

42
Q

Cilia and flagella function

A

Cilia move substances over the cell surface or detect changes outside the cell - flagella propel sperm cells

43
Q

Gap junctions

A

Membrane channels of adjacent plasma membranes connect and form gaps or tunnels that join cytoplasm of two cells.
- fuse 2 plasma membranes into single structure to allow for easy passage of molecules and fast electrical impulse propagation

44
Q

Peripheral proteins

A

Wally attached to polar heads or integral preteins on inner or outer surface

45
Q

Ribosomes function

A

Site of protein synthesis

46
Q

Mitochondria function

A

Catabolsim - ATP synthesis - power house of the cell

47
Q

Spermatozoa

A

Smallest cell, male sex cell

48
Q

Nucleus structure

A

Enclosed by 2 membranes (nuclear envelope) with many pores/openings (NPComplex are gate keepers). Inside enclosure are nucleoplasm, nucleolus, and chromatin

49
Q

Nonmembranous organelles

A

Made of microscope filaments or there particles, not membranes

S1 BIO 100 A&P 1 (24 decks)

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