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Aviation Basics > Weather > Flashcards

Weather Flashcards

1
Q

4 basic types of cumuliform clouds

A

Cumulus (CU)
Towering cumulus (TCU)
Cumulonimbus (CB)
Altocumulus castellanus (ACC)

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2
Q

CU

A

Cumulus

Develop vertically
Bulging upper part
Appear detached from other clouds
White at the tp and relatively dark bases

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3
Q

TCU

A

Towering cumulus

Rapidly growing cumulus
Height exceeds the width

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4
Q

CB

A

Cumulonimbus

Contain thunderstorm activity
Upper portion is smooth/ fibrous & always flattened

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5
Q

ACC

A

Altocumulus castellanus

White/ gray/ both
Composed of rounded masses & rolls, may/ may not be merged

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6
Q

Pressure gradient

A

Rate of change of pressure with horizontal distance measure in km

Calculated by 4 hPa in ‘x’ km (distance between isobars is always 4 hPa)

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7
Q

Buys Ballot’s Law

A

In N. hemisphere: wind at your back = area of low pressure lies to your left

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8
Q

Veering

A

Wind makes a clockwise change in direction

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9
Q

Backing

A

Wind makes a counter-clockwise change in direction

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10
Q

Arrows on surface maps indicate the direction wind is ____

A

Blowing from

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11
Q

Full barb on arrow represent ___ knots

A

10

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12
Q

5 lifting agents

A

Convection
Orographic lift
Frontal lift
Mechanical turbulence
Convergence

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13
Q

Convection

A

Air is heated from below by contact with Earth’s surface

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14
Q

Orographic lift

A

Air is force up sloping terrain by the wind

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15
Q

Frontal lift

A

Air is forced to rise by a wedge of colder/ denser air

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16
Q

Mechanical turbulence

A

Friction between the air and ground cause the air to be stirred up into series of swirling motion known as eddies

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17
Q

Convergence

A

Air converges at the centre of low-pressure systems and is force to rise, resulting in cloud & precipitation

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18
Q

Air mass

A

Large section of troposphere with relatively uniform properties of temperature and moisture

Takes on its original properties from the surface over which it has formed

19
Q

2 types of air masses

A

Maritime air masses (form over water/ humid)
Continental air masses (form over land/ dry)

20
Q

Artic air masses

A

Form in the Arctic/ high latitudes

21
Q

Polar air masses

A

Form in the temperate zones (permafrost line to 30 degrees N)

22
Q

Tropical air masses

A

Form in the tropics/ low latitudes (between 30 degrees N & the equator)

23
Q

4 air masses commonly found in N. America

A

Continental Arctic (cA) (winter only)
Maritime Arctic (mA)
Maritime Polar (mP)
Maritime Tropical (mT)

24
Q

Front

A

Transition zone between 2 air masses

25
Q

Cold front

A

Transition zone between advancing cold air and warm air

Symbol: arrowhead (triangle)

26
Q

Warm front

A

Transition zone between warm air and retreating cold air

Symbol: half circle

27
Q

Stationary front

A

Transition zone between two air masses that are not moving

Symbol: alternating arrowheads and half circles

28
Q

Polar front theory

A

Earth is covered by polar (cold) air in polar regions and tropical (warm) air in equatorial regions, separated by the polar front
(2 air mass 1 front model)

29
Q

Severity of the weather created by the front depends on…

A

Slope of the frontal surface
Speed of frontal movement
Temperature of the lifted air mass
Moisture content of the lifted air mass
Stability of the lifted air mass

30
Q

High pressure is generally associated with ___ weather, while low pressure is associated with ____ weather.

A

Nice
Cloudy/ rainy/ snowy

31
Q

Before a cold front arrives, the wind ahead of the front is typically out of the ___. Once the front passes, the wind will shift to the ____.

A

SSW
WNW

32
Q

Before a warm front arrives, the wind ahead of the front is typically from the ___. Once the front passes, the wind will shift to the ____.

A

E
SSW

33
Q

Passage of warm front will result in ____ in temperature.

A

increase

34
Q

Arrival of a cold front will result in ____ temperature.

A

sudden decrease

35
Q

Dew point temperature generally ___ with a warm frontal passage and ___ with a cold frontal passage.

A

increase, decrease

36
Q

Visibility is ___ well in advance of warm fronts.

A

reduced

37
Q

Ahead of cold fronts, visibility is ___. Close to the front, visibility may be ___.

A

good, reduced

38
Q

Pressure will ___ as warm front approaches a location.

A

fall

39
Q

Pressure will ___ once the cold front has passed a location.

A

rise

40
Q

Frontal turbulence is strongest when the lifted warm air is ___ and ___.

A

moist, unstable

41
Q

Most severe cases of frontal turbulence are generally associated with fast-moving ___ fronts.

A

cold

42
Q

3 factors that determine the type of cloud and precipitation at a warm front

A

Moisture content of the overrunning warm air
Stability of the overrunning warm air
Degree of overrunning (pressure gradient in the warm air & angle of warm air motion relative to the frontal surface)

43
Q

3 factors that determine the type of cloud and precipitation at a cold front

A

Moisture content of the lifted warm air
Stability of the lifted warm air
Degree of lift (slow of the frontal surface & speed of the front)

Aviation Basics (30 decks)

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