VFR Flights Regulations Flashcards
Minimum visual conditions for VFR in controlled airspace
Aircraft must be operated with visual reference to the surface
Flight visibility must be at least 3 miles
Aircraft distance from any cloud must be at least 500ft vertically and 1 mile horizontally
When aircraft is operated in a control zone: ground visibility must be at least 3 miles
Aircraft must be at least 500ft above ground except for take off/ landing
Instrument meteorological conditions (IMC)
Visual conditions that require VFR flight to fly using IFR rather than visual check points (generally less than 1 mile visibility)
Pilot must exit the area or fly under IFR
Special VFR flight (SVFR)
Conditions broken minimum visual requirement for VFR but above IMC
Flight visibility 1 mile or more for aircraft, 1/2 mile or more for helicopters
Aircraft is clear of clouds & visual reference to the surface at all times
Ground visibility at least 1 mile (fixed wing), 1/2 mile (helicopter)
Nighttime SVFR limited to landing only (except helicopters)
VFR over the top (VFR OTT) flight
Clouds that prevent pilot from having reference to the ground
Aircraft may operate during the day in cruise portion if:
Operated at a vertical distance of 1000ft or more from any cloud
Vertical distance between cloud layers must be at least 5000ft (when aircraft between 2 cloud layers)
Flight visibility at cruising altitude is more than 5 miles
Aerodrome forecast (TAF) 1hr before to 2hr after / area forecast (FA) 1hr before to 3hr after ETA indicates:
no broken/overcast layer less than 3000 ft above planned flt altitude
scattered cloud/clear sky
ground visibility more than 5 miles no precipitation
Right of way rules: 2 aircraft at same altitude
PIC of aircraft that has an aircraft on its right must give way
Exceptions:
Power driven aircraft must giveaway to airships/ gliders/ balloons
Right of way rules: 2 aircraft approaching head-on
PIC of each aircraft must alter its heading to the right
Right of way: 2 hot air balloons
PIC of balloon at higher altitude must give way
Right of way: aircraft being overtaken by another aircraft
Aircraft overtaking must give way (alter heading to the right until they have passed the other aircraft)
Right of way: landing
PIC must give way to aircraft that is landing/ about to land
PIC of aircraft at higher altitude approaching aerodrome must give way to aircraft at lower altitude that is also approaching to land
Aircraft at lower altitude will not overtake/ cut in front of an aircraft at higher altitude that is in the final stages of an approach to land
No person will attempt take off/ landing until there’s no apparent risk of collision in take off/ landing path
