Thunderstorm

Question 1

All thunderstorms require:

Answer 1

Unstable air
Lifting action
High moisture content

Question 2

3 stages of thunderstorms

Answer 2

Cumulus stage
Mature stage
Dissipating stage

Question 3

Cumulus stage

Answer 3

Formation of a cumulus cloud that builds up into a towering cumulus
Mostly updrafts
No precipitation

Question 4

Mature stage

Answer 4

Highest incidence of precipitation
Lighting, microbursts, gust fronts, hail, tornadoes can occur
Updraft 6000FPM (ft per min) downdrafts 2000FPM

Question 5

Dissipating stage

Answer 5

Precipitation cools down, breaks the updrafts
Top of cloud spreads out into an anvil form

Question 6

2 types of thunderstorms

Answer 6

Air mass thunderstorms
Frontal thunderstorms

Question 7

3 types of air mass thunderstorms

Answer 7

Convection thunderstorms
Advection thunderstorms
Orographic thunderstorms

Question 8

Convection thunderstorms

Answer 8

Caused by uneven heating of the ground
Occur in the afternoon/ early evening
Dissipate late evening/ overnight
Clouds scattered over large area

Question 9

Advection thunderstorms

Answer 9

Caused by cold air passing over warm surface

Over land: Occur in the afternoon, Dissipate in late evening/ overnight, Clouds scatter over large area, Has northerly flow

Over water: Occur in morning, dissipate with southerly flow, clouds close together

Question 10

Orographic thunderstorms

Answer 10

Caused by air being lifted by sloping ground (ie. mountain)
Occur day/ night
Dissipate with a change in wind direction
Clouds form in stationary line

Question 11

Single-cell thunderstorms

Answer 11

Individual air mass thunderstorms

Question 12

Supercells/ supercell thunderstorms

Answer 12

Large clusters of air mass trhunderstorms

Question 13

2 types of frontal thunderstorms

Answer 13

Cold front thunderstorms
Warm front thunderstorms

Question 14

Cold front thunderstorms

Answer 14

Clouds in a line parallel to the front
Occur day/ night
Dissipate with the movement of the front

Question 15

Warm front thunderstorms

Answer 15

Embedded in stratiform clouds, not as visible as cold front thunderstorms
Occur day/ night
Dissipate with movement of the front

Question 16

10 area of concern when flying near a thunderstorm

Answer 16

Turbulence
Hail
Lightning
Icing
Squall lines
Tornadoes
Low ceiling & visibility
Heavy rain
Microbursts
Gust fronts

Question 17

Severe turbulence is present in all ___ clouds

Answer 17

cumulonimbus

Question 18

Roll cloud

Answer 18

Low-level, horizontal, tube-shaped accessory cloud completely detached from the base of a cumulonimbus cloud

Question 19

4 types of lightning

Answer 19

In-cloud (sheet lightning)
Cloud to cloud
Cloud to ground
Distant

Question 20

Squall lines

Answer 20

Non-frontal, narrow bands of highly active thunderstorms

Question 21

Microbursts

Answer 21

Sudden powerful downdrafts within a thunderstorm

Question 22

Gust fronts

Answer 22

Result of strong downdrafts in the mature stage of a thunderstorm reaching the ground and spreading out horizontally
Usually has significant turbulence

Question 23

Effects of cumulus cloud on flight

Answer 23

Result in a bumpy flight beneath and in the cloud

Question 24

Effects of towering cumulus cloud on flight

Answer 24

Result in turbulence
Icing is possible at altitudes above freezing level
Strong updrafts below and in the cloud

Question 25

Effects of cumulonimbus cloud on flight

Answer 25

Result in severe turbulence
Severe icing
Accompanied by thunderstorm, precipitation, wind, hail, lightning

Question 26

Effects of altocumulus castellans cloud on flight

Answer 26

Result in turbulence and icing
Precipitation may be present

Question 27

Hazards association with CBs:

Answer 27

Rapid changed in barometric pressure
Abrupt changes in wind speed & direction
Moderate to severe icing
Hazardous disturbances
Turbulence
Extreme weather