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WBC disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) is characterized by

A

t(15;17) of Retinoic Acid Receptor (RAR)

RAR disruption blocks maturation and promyelocytes accumulate

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2
Q

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma clinical features

A
  1. Rash
  2. Generalized lymphadenopathy with hepatosplenomegaly
  3. Lytic bone lesions with hypercalcemia
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3
Q

ALL is

A

neoplastic accumulation of lymphobasts in the BM

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4
Q

ALL most commonly arises in

A

Children with Down Syndrome

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5
Q

APL can increase the risk for

A

DIC

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6
Q

B-ALL characterized by

A
  1. TdT
  2. CD10
  3. CD19
  4. CD20
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7
Q

Basophilia seen in

A

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

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8
Q

Blasts are

A

Large immature cells often with punched out nucleoli

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9
Q

Causes of Lymphopenia

A
  1. Immunodeficiency
  2. High cortisol state induces apoptosis of lymphocytes
  3. Autoimmune destruction
  4. Whole body radiation
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10
Q

CD8 T-cell response to Infections mononucleosis leads to

A
  1. Generalized lymphadenopathy due to T-cell hyperplasia
  2. Splenomegaly due to T-cell hyperplasia in the PALS
  3. High WBC count with atypical lymphocytes
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11
Q

Clinical features of Hairy Cell Leukemia

A
  1. Splenomegaly: accumulates in red pulp
  2. Dry tap on BM aspiration due to marrow fibrosis
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12
Q

CLL complications include

A
  1. Hypogammaglobulinemia: most common cause of death
  2. IgM autoimmune hemolytic anemia
  3. May transform to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (Richter transformation)
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13
Q

CLL naive B cells co-express

A

CD5 and CD20

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14
Q

CML is

A

Neoplastic proliferation of mature myeloid cells, especially granulocytes and their precursors

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15
Q

CML translocation is

A

t(9;22) philadelphia chromosome generates BCR-ABL fusion that increases tyrosine kinase activity

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16
Q

Complications of Myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) are

A
  1. Increased risk of hyperuricemia and gout due to high turnover of cells
  2. Progression to Marrow fibrosis or transformation to acute leukemia
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17
Q

EBV primarily infects

A
  1. Oropharynx: pharyngitis
  2. Liver: hepatits and hepatomegaly with elevated liver enzymes
  3. B cells
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18
Q

Eosinophilic granuloma is

A

Benign proliferation of Langerhans cell in bone

No skin involvement

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19
Q

Essential thrombocytothemia is

A

Neoplastic proliferation of mature myeloid cells especially plateletsb

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20
Q

ET is associated with what mutation

A

JAK2 kinase

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21
Q

First line treatment of CML is

A

Imantinib

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22
Q

Follicular hyperplasia of lymph node seen in

A

RA

Early signs of HIV

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23
Q

Follicular lymphoma can progress to

A

diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

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24
Q

Follicular lymphoma is

A

Neoplastic proliferation of small B cells (CD20+) that form follicle-like nodules

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25
Q

Follicular lymphoma treatment

A

Only for patients who are symptomatic

Chemotherapy or rituximab

26
Q

Hairy cell leukemia cells are positive for

A

TRAP

27
Q

Hairy cell leukemia is

A

Neoplastic proliferation of mature B cells characterized by Hairy cytoplasmic processes

28
Q

Hand-Schüller-Christian disease

A

Malignant Langerhans cells

29
Q

Hand-Schüller-Christian disease presentation

A
  1. Scalp rash
  2. Lytic skull defects
  3. DI
  4. Exophthalmos in children
30
Q

Immature cells are characterized by

A

Decreased Fc receptors (CD16)

31
Q

In what disorder do blasts infertrate gums

A

Acute monocytic leukemia

32
Q

Infectious mononucleosis is caused by

A

EBV infection that results in Lymphocytic lekocytosis

33
Q

Lacunar cells are seen in what type of Hodgkins lymphoma

A

Nodular sclerosis

34
Q

Letterer-Siwe disease is

A

Malignant proliferation of langerhans cells

Skin rash with cystic skeletal defects

35
Q

Leukocytosis is

A

Increase WBC

36
Q

Leukopenia is

A

Decreased WBC

37
Q

Lymphoblasts in ALL are characterized by

A

Positive nuclear staining for TdT

38
Q

Lymphopenia refers to

A

A decreased number of circulating lymphocytes

39
Q

M spike in Multiple myeloma due to

A

Monoclonal IgG or IgA

40
Q

Mantel cell lymphoma translocation

A

t(11;14) causing an overexpression of cylcin D1 promotes G1/S transition

41
Q

Marginal zone lymphoma associated with

A
  1. Hashimoto
  2. Sjögren
  3. H pylori gastritis
42
Q

Mediastinal (thymic) mass in teenagers

A

T-ALL

43
Q

Multiple myeloma is

A

Malignant proliferation of plasma cells in the BM

High serum IL-6

44
Q

Mycosis fungoides is

A

neoplastic proliferation of mature CD4 T cells that infiltrate the skin producing localized skin rash, plaques, and nodules

45
Q

Myeloblasts are characterized by

A

Positive cytoplasmic staining for MPO

MPO crystal aggregates may be seen as Auer Rods

46
Q

Neutropenia is

A

Decreased number of circulating PMN

47
Q

Non-Hodgkins lymphoma include

A
  1. Small B cell
    1. Follicular
    2. Mantel cell
    3. Marginal zone
    4. Small lymphocytic
  2. Burkitt lymphoma
  3. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
48
Q

Pautrier microabscesses are

A

aggregates of neoplastic cells in the epidermis seen in Mycosis fungoides

49
Q

Polycythemia vera is associated with what mutaiton

A

JAK2 kinase mutation

50
Q

PV clinical symptoms

A
  1. Blurry vision and headache
  2. Increase risk of Venous thrombosis
  3. Flushed face due to congestion
  4. Itching, especailly after bathing
51
Q

Reed-Sterberg cells are

A
  1. Malignant cells seen in Hodgkin lymphoma
  2. Large B cels with multilobbed nuclei with prominent nucleoli (‘owl-eyed nuclei’)
  3. Positive for CD15 and CD3-
52
Q

Rouleaux formation of RBC is

A

Increases serum protein decreases charge between RBCs attaching them together seen in Multiple Myeloma

53
Q

Sezary cells are

A

Lymphocytes with cerebriform nuclei seen on blood smear of Mycosis Fungoides

54
Q

T-ALL characterized by

A

TdT

CD2 to CD8

55
Q

Waldenström Macroglobulinemia is

A

B-cell lymphoma with monoclonal IgM production

56
Q

What causes Neutropenia

A
  1. Drug toxicity damages stem cells
  2. Severe infection from G(-) causing an incresed movement of PMN to tissue
57
Q

What is follicular lymphoma translocation

A

t(14;18) leading to overexpression of BCL2

58
Q

What is seen on CLL blood smear

A

Increased lympohcytes and smudge cells

59
Q

What is the treatment of APL

A

All-trans-retinoic acid

60
Q

What is used to treat Hairy cell leukemia

A
  1. 2-CDA (cladribine)
  2. Adenosine deaminase inhibitor
61
Q

What translocation of B-ALL has bad prognosis

A

t(9;22)

62
Q

What translocation of B-ALL has good prognosis

A

t(12;21)

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