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Path > Cardiac Patholgoy > Flashcards

Cardiac Patholgoy Flashcards

1
Q

Acute RF due to

A

β-hemolytic strep

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2
Q

Acute Rheymatif Fever JONES

A
  • J: Migratory polyarthritis, swelling and pain in large joints
  • O: Pancarditis
  • N: subcutaneous nodules
  • E: Erythema marginatum
  • S: Sydenham chorea
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3
Q

Adult coarctation of aorta presents with

A
  1. HT in the upper extremities and hypotension with weak pulse in lower extremities
  2. Notching of ribs on x-ray
  3. Bicuspid aortic valve
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4
Q

Antischkow cells are

A

Reactive histocytes with slender, wavy nuclei seen in myocarditis in acute RF

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5
Q

Aortic regurg sound

A

Early, blowing diastolic murmur

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6
Q

Aschoff bodes are

A

foci of chronic inflammation seen in Myocarditis due to acute RF

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7
Q

Compications of MI in < 4 hours

A

Cardiogenic shock

CHF

Arrhythmia

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8
Q

Diastolic dysfunction

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

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9
Q

Differential cynosis is

A

Lower extremity cyanosis due to PDA

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10
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy caused by

A
  1. AD mutation of dytrophin
  2. Myocarditits due to Coxsackie A or B
  3. Alcohol
  4. Cocaine
  5. Pregnancy
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11
Q

Eisenmenger syndrome

A

When septal defect switched from L-R shunt to R-L shunt leading to:

  1. RV hypertorphy
  2. Polycythemia
  3. Clubbing
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12
Q

Endocarditis and underlying colorectal carcinoma

A

S. bovis

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13
Q

Endocarditis in Acute RF

A

Mitral valve has small vegetations along lines of closure that lead to regurgitation

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14
Q

Endocarditis of prosthetic valves

A

S. epidermidis

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15
Q

Endocarditits and Negative blood culture

A

HACEK

  1. Haemophilus
  2. Actinobacillus
  3. Cardiobacterium
  4. Eikenella
  5. Kingella
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16
Q

First Gross change of heart after MI in

A

4-12 hours

Mild molting

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17
Q

Heart-failure cells are

A

Hemosiderin-laden macrophages found in lungs due to Left-sided CHF

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18
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is due to

A

AD mutation in sarcomere proteins

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19
Q

IV drug uses and Endocarditis

A

S.aureus on tricuspid

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20
Q

Macrophages microscopically seen in MI

A

4-7 days

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21
Q

Mitral regurg sounds

A

Holosystolic blowing murmur that is louder with squatting and expiration

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22
Q

MVP is due to

A

Myxoid degeneration of the valve making it floppy

Usually due to Marfan or Ehlers-Danlos

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23
Q

MVP sound

A

Mid-systolic clock follwed by a regurgitation murmur

Louder upon squatting

24
Q

Myocarditis in Acute RF

A
  1. Aschoff bodies
  2. Anitschokow cells
  3. Giant cells
  4. Fibrinoid materal
25
Q

Nutmeg liver seen in

A

Right-sided CHF

26
Q

Occlusion of LAD leads to infarction of the

A

Anterior wall of LV and anterior septum

27
Q

Occlusion of Left circumflex artery leads to infarction of

A

Lateral wall of the LV

28
Q

Occlusion of RCA leads to infarction of the

A

Posterior wall

Posterior septum

Papillary muslce

29
Q

Pancarditis includes

A

Endocarditits

Myocarditis

Pericarditis

30
Q

PMN seen microscopically in MI

A

1-3 days

31
Q

Quincke pulse is

A

Pulsating nail bed seein in aortic regurg

32
Q

Systolic dysfunction

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

33
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot include

A
  1. VSD
  2. Stenosis of RV outflwo track
  3. RV hypertrophy
  4. Aorta overrides the VSD
34
Q

Troponin 1 levels return to normal in

A

7-10 days

35
Q

Troponin 1 levels rise in

A

2-4 hours after infarction and pack at 24 hours

36
Q

Unstable angina usually due to

A

Rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque with thrombosis

37
Q

Wavy fibers and contractile band necrosis seen in

A

4-12 hours after MI

38
Q

What are complications of MI after 1-3 days

A

Fibrinous pericarditis with a friction rub

RUPTURE

39
Q

What are the complications of MI after 4-7 days

A
  1. Rupture of ventricular free wall leading to cardiac tamponade
  2. Rupture of interventricular septum leading to shunt
  3. Ruptuer of papillary muscle leading to mitral insufficiency
40
Q

What causes Left-sided CHF

A
  1. Ischemia
  2. HT
  3. Dilated cardiomyopathy
    1. Viral
    2. Alcohol
    3. Cocaine
    4. Post MI
    5. Toxins
  4. MI
  5. Restrictive cardiomyopathy
41
Q

What causes restrictive cardiomyopathy

A
  1. Amyloidosis
  2. Sarcoidosis
  3. Hemochromatosis
  4. Endocardial fibroelastosis (children)
  5. Loeffler syndrome (fibrosis with eosinophilic infiltrate)
42
Q

What congenital defect is associated with maternal diabetes

A

Transposition of greater vessels

43
Q

What does the heart look like on x-ray in Tetralogy of Fallot

A

Boot-shaped

44
Q

What is associated with a split S2 on auscultation

A

ASD

45
Q

What is associated with congenital rubella

A

PDA

46
Q

What is associated with Turner syndrome

A

Infantile coarctation of the Aorta

47
Q

What is elevated in acute RF

A

ASO or anti-DNase B titiers

48
Q

What is seen microscopically in 1-3 wks post MI

A

Granulation tissue with plump fibroblasts, collagen and blood vessels

49
Q

What is the number one cause of Aortis regurg

A

Syphilis

50
Q

What septal defect is associated with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

A

VSD

51
Q

What type of ASD is associated with Down Syndrome

A

Ostium Primum

52
Q

When do you see red borders emerge as granulation tissues enters from the edge of infacrt after MI

A

1-3 wks

53
Q

When is coagulative necrosis observed microscopically due to MI

A

4-24 hours

54
Q

When is dark discoloration observed in MI

A

4-24 hours

55
Q

When is yellow pallor observed in MI

A

1-7 days

56
Q

White scar due to MI seein in

A

Months

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