Cardiac Patholgoy Flashcards
Acute RF due to
β-hemolytic strep
Acute Rheymatif Fever JONES
- J: Migratory polyarthritis, swelling and pain in large joints
- O: Pancarditis
- N: subcutaneous nodules
- E: Erythema marginatum
- S: Sydenham chorea
Adult coarctation of aorta presents with
- HT in the upper extremities and hypotension with weak pulse in lower extremities
- Notching of ribs on x-ray
- Bicuspid aortic valve
Antischkow cells are
Reactive histocytes with slender, wavy nuclei seen in myocarditis in acute RF
Aortic regurg sound
Early, blowing diastolic murmur
Aschoff bodes are
foci of chronic inflammation seen in Myocarditis due to acute RF
Compications of MI in < 4 hours
Cardiogenic shock
CHF
Arrhythmia
Diastolic dysfunction
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Differential cynosis is
Lower extremity cyanosis due to PDA
Dilated cardiomyopathy caused by
- AD mutation of dytrophin
- Myocarditits due to Coxsackie A or B
- Alcohol
- Cocaine
- Pregnancy
Eisenmenger syndrome
When septal defect switched from L-R shunt to R-L shunt leading to:
- RV hypertorphy
- Polycythemia
- Clubbing
Endocarditis and underlying colorectal carcinoma
S. bovis
Endocarditis in Acute RF
Mitral valve has small vegetations along lines of closure that lead to regurgitation
Endocarditis of prosthetic valves
S. epidermidis
Endocarditits and Negative blood culture
HACEK
- Haemophilus
- Actinobacillus
- Cardiobacterium
- Eikenella
- Kingella
First Gross change of heart after MI in
4-12 hours
Mild molting
Heart-failure cells are
Hemosiderin-laden macrophages found in lungs due to Left-sided CHF
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is due to
AD mutation in sarcomere proteins
IV drug uses and Endocarditis
S.aureus on tricuspid
Macrophages microscopically seen in MI
4-7 days
Mitral regurg sounds
Holosystolic blowing murmur that is louder with squatting and expiration
MVP is due to
Myxoid degeneration of the valve making it floppy
Usually due to Marfan or Ehlers-Danlos
MVP sound
Mid-systolic clock follwed by a regurgitation murmur
Louder upon squatting
Myocarditis in Acute RF
- Aschoff bodies
- Anitschokow cells
- Giant cells
- Fibrinoid materal
Nutmeg liver seen in
Right-sided CHF
Occlusion of LAD leads to infarction of the
Anterior wall of LV and anterior septum
Occlusion of Left circumflex artery leads to infarction of
Lateral wall of the LV
Occlusion of RCA leads to infarction of the
Posterior wall
Posterior septum
Papillary muslce
Pancarditis includes
Endocarditits
Myocarditis
Pericarditis
PMN seen microscopically in MI
1-3 days
Quincke pulse is
Pulsating nail bed seein in aortic regurg
Systolic dysfunction
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Tetralogy of Fallot include
- VSD
- Stenosis of RV outflwo track
- RV hypertrophy
- Aorta overrides the VSD
Troponin 1 levels return to normal in
7-10 days
Troponin 1 levels rise in
2-4 hours after infarction and pack at 24 hours
Unstable angina usually due to
Rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque with thrombosis
Wavy fibers and contractile band necrosis seen in
4-12 hours after MI
What are complications of MI after 1-3 days
Fibrinous pericarditis with a friction rub
RUPTURE
What are the complications of MI after 4-7 days
- Rupture of ventricular free wall leading to cardiac tamponade
- Rupture of interventricular septum leading to shunt
- Ruptuer of papillary muscle leading to mitral insufficiency
What causes Left-sided CHF
- Ischemia
- HT
- Dilated cardiomyopathy
- Viral
- Alcohol
- Cocaine
- Post MI
- Toxins
- MI
- Restrictive cardiomyopathy
What causes restrictive cardiomyopathy
- Amyloidosis
- Sarcoidosis
- Hemochromatosis
- Endocardial fibroelastosis (children)
- Loeffler syndrome (fibrosis with eosinophilic infiltrate)
What congenital defect is associated with maternal diabetes
Transposition of greater vessels
What does the heart look like on x-ray in Tetralogy of Fallot
Boot-shaped
What is associated with a split S2 on auscultation
ASD
What is associated with congenital rubella
PDA
What is associated with Turner syndrome
Infantile coarctation of the Aorta
What is elevated in acute RF
ASO or anti-DNase B titiers
What is seen microscopically in 1-3 wks post MI
Granulation tissue with plump fibroblasts, collagen and blood vessels
What is the number one cause of Aortis regurg
Syphilis
What septal defect is associated with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
VSD
What type of ASD is associated with Down Syndrome
Ostium Primum
When do you see red borders emerge as granulation tissues enters from the edge of infacrt after MI
1-3 wks
When is coagulative necrosis observed microscopically due to MI
4-24 hours
When is dark discoloration observed in MI
4-24 hours
When is yellow pallor observed in MI
1-7 days
White scar due to MI seein in
Months
