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Female genital system Flashcards

1
Q

Bartholin cyst is

A

Posterior Lateral, unilateral, painful cystic lesion at the lower vestibule

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2
Q

Lichen sclerosis is characterized by

A

Thinning of the epidermis and fibrosis (sclerosis) of the dermis

White patchs with parchment-like vulvar skin

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3
Q

Lichen Sclerosis simply is

A

Atrophy and granuloma of vulva

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4
Q

Lichen simplex chronicus is characterized by

A

Hyperplasia of vulvar squamous epithelium

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5
Q

Lichen simplex chronicus presents as

A

Leukoplakia with thick, leathery vulvar skin

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6
Q

Extramammary Paget disease characterized by

A

Malignant epithelial cells in the epidermis of the vulva

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7
Q

Extramammary Paget disease presents as

A

Erythematous, pruritis, ulcerated vulvar skin

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8
Q

Paget cells are

A

PAS+

Keratin+

S100-

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9
Q

Melanoma is

A

PAS-

Keratin-

S100+

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10
Q

Adenosis of Vagina is

A

Focal persistence of columnar epithelium in the upper 1/3 of the vagina

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11
Q

What increases the risk of Adenosis

A

Exposure to DES in utero

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12
Q

Clear cell adenocarcinoma is

A

Malignant proliferation of glands with clear cytoplasm

Complication of DES-associated vaginal adenosis

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13
Q

Cancer from lower 2/3 of vagina goes into

A

Inguinal Node

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14
Q

Cancer from upper 1/3 of vagina goes to

A

Iliac Node

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15
Q

CIN 1 involves

A

Less than 1/3 of the thickness of the epithelium

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16
Q

CIN 2 involves

A

less than 2/3 of the thickness of the epithelium

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17
Q

CIN 3 involves

A

Slightly less than the entire thickness of epithelium

Unlikely to reverse

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18
Q

Late complications of Cerivical carcinoma

A

Invade through the anterior uterine wall into the bladder blocking the ureter

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19
Q

High grade dysplasia in cervical carcinoma is characterized by cells with

A

Hyperchromatic (dark) nuclei and high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratios

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20
Q

Growth of the endometrium is driven by

A

Estrogen

(Proliferative phase)

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21
Q

Preparation of the endometrium for implantation is driven by

A

Progesteron

(secretory phase)

22
Q

Asherman syndrome is a loss of

A

Basalis

23
Q

Endometrial Polyps arise as a side effect of

A

Tamoxifen

24
Q

Endometriosis is

A

Endometrail glands and stroma ouside of the uterine endometrial lining

25
Q

Location of endometeriosis

A

Ovary: chocolate cyst

Uterine ligament: pelvic pain

Pouch of Douglas: pain with defecation

26
Q

Adenomyosis is

A

Endometeriosis that involves uterine myometrium

27
Q

Psammoma bodies found in

A

Thyroid papillary

Meningioma

Papillary serous carcinoma (endometrium)

Mesothelioma

28
Q

LH:FSH in PCOD

A

greater than 2 because you have a great increase in LH and decrease in FSH

29
Q

Surface epithelial ovarian tumor marker

A

CA-125

30
Q

Surface epithelial ovarian tumors derived from

A

Coelomic epithelium

31
Q

What mutation increases risk of serous carcinoma of ovary and fallopian tube

A

BRCA1

32
Q

Endometriod surface epithelial ovary tumors arise from

A

Endometriosis

33
Q

Germ cell Ovarian tumor subtypes

A
  1. Teratoma (Fetal tissue)
  2. Embryonal carcinoma (Fetal tissue)
  3. Dysgerminoma (Oocytes)
  4. Endodermal sinus tumor (Yolk sac)
  5. Choriocarcinoma (Placental)
34
Q

Struma ovarii is

A

A tertoma composed primary of Thyroid tissue

35
Q

What is elevated in Dysgerminoma

A

Serum LDH

36
Q

What is elevated in Endodermal sinus tumor (yolk sac tumor)

A

AFP

37
Q

Schiller-Duval bodies are

A

Glomerulus-like strucutures seen in Endodermal Sinus tumor histology

38
Q

What does choriocarcinoma look like

A

Small, hemorrhagic tumor with early hematogenous spread

39
Q

What is raised in Choriocarcinoma

A

β-hCG

40
Q

Reinke Crystals seen in

A

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor

41
Q

Meigs syndrome is

A

Fibroma, Pleural effusion, and Ascites

42
Q

Pseudomyxoma peritonei is

A

Massive amounts of mucus in the peritoneum

43
Q

Pseudomyxoma peritonei is due to

A

a mucinous tumor of appendix

44
Q

Placenta previa (implantation of placenta in lower uterine segment) presents as

A

Third trimester bleeding

45
Q

Placenta accreta is

A

Improper implantation of placenta into the myometrium

46
Q

Cocaine as a teratogen causes

A

Intrauterine growth retardation

Placenta abruption

47
Q

What teratogen causes limb defects

A

Thalidomide

48
Q

What teratogen causes spontaneous abortions and hearing/visual impairment

A

Isotretinoin

49
Q

HELLP is

A

Preeclampsia with thrombotic microangiopathy

50
Q

HELLP stands for

A

Hemolysis

Elevated Liver enzymes

Low Platelets

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