Growth Adaptation, Cellular injury, Cell death Flashcards
AA amyloid derived from
Serum amyloid-associated protein (SSA)
AL amyloid derived from
Light Chain IG
Barrett esophagus is a metaplasia that converts
Squamous tissue to Columnar tissue plus Goblet cells
Barrett esophagus may progress to
Adenocarcinoma of esophagus
Budd-Chiari is
Thrombosis of Hepatic V leading to infarction of liver
Carbon tetracholoride (CCl4) causes
fatty change in the liver dur to its conversion to a FR by P450 system
Caspases role and activity
Mediates apoptosis by activating proteases and endonucleases
Clinical finding of Systemic amyloidosis
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
- Arrhythmia
- Tongue enlargement
- Malabsorption
- Hepatosplenomegaly
Decreased venous drainage seen in
Budd-Chiari syndrome
Extrinsic pathway of apoptosis
- FAS ligands binds to FAS death receptor (CD95) activating caspases
- TNF binds to receptor on target cell activating caspases
Familial amyloid cardiomyopathy is deposits of
Mutated serum transthyretin in the heart
Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is due to
AR dysfunction of PMN
FR cause cellular damage via
Peroxidation of lipids and oxidation of DNA and proteins
Hypoxemia is
Low partial pressure of oxygen
Hypoxia is
Low oxygen delivery to tissue
Intrinsic mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis
- Damage leads to inactivation of Bcl2 and increase in BAX
- Allowing cytochrome c to leak out and activating caspases
Ischemia is
Decreased blood flow through an organ
Karyolysis
Nuclear dissolution
Karyorrhexis is
Nuclear Fragmentation
Keratomalacia is
WHen the thin squamous lining of the conjunctiva undergoes metaplasia into stratified keratinized squamous epithelium due to Vit A deficiency
Low ATP disrupts
- Na/K pump: water build up in cells
- Ca pump: Ca buildup in the cytosol of the cell
- Aerobic glycolysis: lactic acid buildup results in low pH
NADPH oxidase generates
Superoxide ions
Primary amyloidosis is
Systemic deposition of AL amyloid
Pyknosis is
Nuclear condensation
SAA is increased in
- Chronic inflammatory states
- Malignancy
- Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF)
Secondary amyloidosis is
Systemic dposition of AA amyloid
Senile cardiac amyloidosis is deposits of
non-mutated serum transthyretin in the heart
The hallmark of irreversible injury is
membrane damage
The Hallmark of reversible injury is
Cellular swelling
What causes hypoxemia
- High altitude
- Hypoventilation
- Diffusion defect
- V/Q mismatch
