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GI Flashcards

1
Q

What causes cleft lip/palate

A

Failure of facial prominences to fuse

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2
Q

Aphthous ulcer is

A

Painful, superficial ulceration of the oral mucosa

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3
Q

Aphthous ulcer characterized by

A

Grayish base (granulation tissue) surrounded by erythema

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4
Q

Behçet syndrome is

A

recurrent aphthous ulcers

Genital ulcers

Uveitis

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5
Q

Precursor lesions to squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity

A

Leukoplakie and erythroplakia

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6
Q

Hairy leukoplakia is seen in

A

AIDs pts with EBC

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7
Q

Mumps clinical

A
  1. Bilateral inflamed parotid glands
  2. Orchitis
  3. Pancreatitis
  4. Aseptic meningitis
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8
Q

Warthin tumor is

A

benign cystic tumor with abundant lymphocytes and germinal center that arises in Parotid

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9
Q

Plummer-Vinson syndrome

A
  1. Iron deficiency anemia
  2. Esophageal web
  3. Beefy-red tongue (atrophic glossitis)
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10
Q

Where do Zenker Diverticulum arise

A

above the upper esophagel sphincter at the junction of the esophagus and pharynx

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11
Q

Achalasia is

A

Inability to relax the lower esophageal sphincter

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12
Q

What infection may lead to Achalasia

A

Trypanosoma cruzi in Chagas

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13
Q

Upper 1/3 esophagus LN

A

Cervical

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14
Q

Middle 1/3 esophagus LN

A

Mediastinal or Tracheobronchial

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15
Q

Lower 1/3 esophagus LN

A

Celiac and gastric

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16
Q

Gastroschisis is

A

Congenital malformation of the anterior abdominal wall leadin to exposure of abdominal content

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17
Q

What about H pylori that weaken mucosal defenses in atrium

A

Ureases and proteases

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18
Q

H pylori gastritis presents with

A
  1. Epigastric pain
  2. Increased risk for ulceration
  3. Gastric adenocarcimona
  4. MALT lymphoma
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19
Q

Pain reduced with meals in what type of ulcer

A

Duodenal

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20
Q

Pain increased with meals in what type of ulcer

A

Gastric

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21
Q

Gastric ulcer leads to bleeding from what artery

A

Left Gastric

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22
Q

Duodenal ulcer leads to bleeding from what artery

A

Gastroduodenal artery

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23
Q

Interstinal Gastric Carcinoma invovles what part of stomach

A

Lesser curvature or antrum

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24
Q

Diffuse Gastric Carcinoma is characterized by

A

Signet ring cells that diffusely infiltrate the gastric wall causing thickning of stomach wall (linitis plastica)

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25
Q

Three important signs of gastic carcinoma

A
  1. Acanthosis nigricans
  2. Leser-Trélat sign
  3. Sister Mary Joseph Nodules
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26
Q

Duodenal atresia associated with

A

Down syndrome

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27
Q

Meckel diverticulum arises due to

A

Fialure of the vitelline duct to involute

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28
Q

Meckel diverticulum ‘Rule of 2s’

A
  • 2 inches long and located in the small bowel within 2 feet of the ileocecal valve
  • Presnet during the first 2 years of life
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29
Q

Volvulus in adults MC located

A

Sigmoid colon

30
Q

Volvulus in children MC located

A

Cecum

31
Q

Intussesception in children is due to

A

Lymphoid hyperplasia due to Rotavirus

32
Q

Intussesception in children located

A

terminal ileum into cecum

33
Q

Transmural small bowel infarcation due to

A

Thrombosis/embolism in:

  1. SMA
  2. Mesenteric V
34
Q

Celiac disease is

A

Immune-mediated damage of small bowel villi due to gluten exposure

35
Q

Celiac HLA

A

HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8

36
Q

What is the pathogenic component of Gluten

A

Gliadin

37
Q

What may arise on the skin due to Celiac

A

Small, herpes-like vesicles called dermatitis herpetiformis

38
Q

Dermatitis herpetiformis in celiac is due to

A

IgA deposition at the tops of dermal papillae

39
Q

Celiac lab findings

A

IgA againse endomysium, tTG or Gliadin

40
Q

Duodenal biopsy in Celiac reveals

A
  1. Flattening of villi
  2. Hyperplasia of crypts
  3. Increased intraepithelial lymphocytes
41
Q

Whipple disease is

A

Systemic tissue damage characterized by macrophages loaded with Tropheryma whippelii

42
Q

Whipple disease found in

A

Small bowel lamina propria

43
Q

Other than small bowel, Whipple is seen in

A
  1. Synovium of joints causing arthritis
  2. Cardiac valves
  3. LN
  4. CNA
44
Q

What inflamatory bowel disease causes mucosal and submucosal ulcers

A

UC

45
Q

What inflamatory bowel disease causes full-thickness inflammation with knife-like fissures

A

Crohn

46
Q

UL location

A

Begins in rectum and extend proximally up to cecum

Continuous involvement

47
Q

Crohn location

A

Skip lesion anywhere except Rectum

Terminal ileum MC

48
Q

Which inflammatory bowel disease has bloody diarrhea

A

UC

49
Q

UC inflammation

A

Crypt abscesses with PMN

50
Q

Crohn inflammation

A

Lympoid aggregates with granulomas

51
Q

UC gross appearance

A

Pseudopolyps

Loss of hastra

lead pipe appearance

52
Q

Crohn gross appearance

A

Cobblestone mucosa

Creeping fat

String sign appearance

53
Q

Fistulas are seen in what inflammatory bowel disease

A

Crohn

54
Q

Which inflammatory bowel disease is p-ANCA +

A

UC

55
Q

Hirschsprung disease associated with

A

Down syndrome

56
Q

Colonic diverticula is

A

Outpouching of mucosa and submucosa through the muscularis propria on the Left wall

57
Q

Colonic diverticulas arise where

A

The vasa recta traverse the muscularis propria

58
Q

Angiodysplasia is

A

Acquired malformation of mucosal and submucosal capillary beds on right colon due to high wall tension

59
Q

What mutation increases risk of colonic polyps

A

APC

60
Q

What mutation leads to formation of colonic polyps

A

K-ras

61
Q

What mutation increases expression of COX allowing progression of colonic polyps

A

p53

62
Q

FAP genetics

A

AD

63
Q

Gardner syndrome

A

FAP with fibromatosis and osteomas

64
Q

Fibromatosis is

A

a non-neoplastic proliferation of fibroblasts that arise in retroperitoneum and locally destroys tissue found in Gardner

65
Q

Turcot syndrome is

A

FAP with CNS tumors (medulloblastoma and glial tumors)

66
Q

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is

A

Hamartomatous (benign) polyps throughout GI and mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation (freckle-like spots) on lips, oral mucosa, and genital skin

67
Q

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome genetics

A

AD

68
Q

Microsatellite instability leads to

A

Colorectal carcinoma

69
Q

Left-sided carcinoma presents as

A
  1. a napkin-ring lesion
  2. Decreased stool caliber
  3. Left lower quadrant pain
  4. Blood-streaked stool
70
Q

Right-sided carcinoma presents as

A
  1. Raised lesions
  2. Iron deficiency anemia
  3. Vague pain
71
Q

Colorectal carcinoma tumor marker

A

CEA

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