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NURS 300 > Water, Vitamins & Minerals > Flashcards

Water, Vitamins & Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

Phytochemicals

A

Compounds in plants that cause colour, smell and taste
Act as bioactive food components (have ability to alter body processes) - antioxidants, mimicking hormones, enzyme action, Inhibiting DNA replication, destroying bacteria (may suppress the development of diseases)

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2
Q

Functional foods

A

veg, fruits and whole foods
Provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition by altering one or more physiological processes
Foods that have fortified, enriched or enhanced with nutrients, phytochemicals or others

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3
Q

Examples of phytochemicals

A

burning sensation of peppers, flavour of onions or garlic

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4
Q

Flavonoids

A

group of phytochemicals that are antioxidants and make blood clots less likely
Found in grains, soy, veg, fruits, herbs (bitter taste in foods)

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5
Q

Carotenoid

A

Red and yellow pigments in plants
Include vit A
Decreases risk of htn and heart disease
ex. lycopene (red pigment)

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6
Q

Fat soluble Vitamins

A

A, D, E, K
Absorbed with fat into the lymph before entering the blood
Stored in the liver and fatty tissues
Builds up in tissues
Taken PERIODICALLY

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7
Q

Water soluble vitamins

A

B complex (folate, riboflavin, thiamin, niacin, pantothenic acid) and C
Absorbed directly into the blood
Not stored in body
Leave in urine
NEEDED FREQUENTLY

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8
Q

Vitamins

A

Do not provide body with energy (kcalories)
Organic compounds
Obtained form foods, fortification or supplements

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9
Q

Primary deficiency

A

vitamin not consumed in sufficient amounts to meet needs

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10
Q

Secondary deficiency

A

impaired absorption or excess secretion

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11
Q

People that need vitamins the most

A

infancy/childhood, pregnancy and childhood

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12
Q

Which vitamin has function in the skin?

A

C

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13
Q

Which vitamin as function in vision?

A

A

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14
Q

Which vitamin has function in blood clotting?

A

K

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15
Q

Which vitamin has function in bone structure?

A

D and K

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16
Q

How much water is in our bodies?

A

60% of body weight

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17
Q

Functions of water in body fluids

A

carries nutrients and waste products
maintains the structure of large molecules
participates in metabolic reactions
serves as a solvent for minerals, vit, amino acids, glucose

18
Q

Water’s functions

A

maintains body volume
helps in normal body temp regulation
lubricant and cushion

19
Q

How much water is in each area of the body?

A

Intracellular (inside cells) - 2/3
Extracellular (outside cells) - lymph, blood (intravascular), digestive juices, between cells (intercellular pr interstitial)

20
Q

Who are most susceptible to dehydration?

A

Old and young

21
Q

What does the hypothalmus do in water regulation?

A

initiates drinking

22
Q

Water excretion regulation

A

brain and kidneys

23
Q

What is the affect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on kidneys?

A

pulls the water back, keeps it in

24
Q

Minimum urine excretion

A

500mL /day
<30mls/hour over 2 hours
Average total water loss = 2.5 L/day

25
Q

Dehydration symptoms

A

Thirst
Weakness
Exhaustion
Delirium
Death

26
Q

Water intoxication symptoms

A

Water contents become too high:
Confusion
Convulsion
Coma
Death

27
Q

Hypervolemia

A

Excess fluid remains in the intravascular space
S&S: edema, cramping, headache, GI bloating, high BP, SOB, pulmonary edema, increased HR

28
Q

Hypervolemia is common in…

A

CHF
End stage kidney disease
liver failure

29
Q

Nursing implications for fluid assessment

A

Measure intake and output
Fluid restriction
Watch for edema
daily weights
CV check

30
Q

Electrolyte solutions

A

ions of a salt in water

31
Q

Why should electrolyte balance be regulated closely?

A

proteins in the cell membranes move ions into or out of the cells
Kidneys regulate sodium and water

32
Q

Biochemical measures of fluids

A

Sodium (+ charge; extracellular ion)
Potassium (+ charge; intracellular ion)
Chloride (- charge; extracellular ion)

33
Q

Hypernatremia

A

Most common cause is dehydration

34
Q

If there is edema…

A

sodium should be restricted

35
Q

What maintains acid base balance?

A

Kidneys

36
Q

Major minerals

A

(need more)
Ca, Cl, Mg, K, P, Na, S

37
Q

Trace Minerals

A

(need less)
Chromium, copper, fluoride, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc

38
Q

Why do we need to be careful with sodium?

A

Increased intake = increased BP

39
Q

UL of Na

A

2300 mg/day (1 teaspoon)

40
Q

Strategies for management of sodium in diet

A

Fresh foods
Cook with little or no salt
Avoid salty foods or adding additional salt

NURS 300 (19 decks)

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