Vitamins

Question 1

Vit A function

Answer 1

vision (maintenance of cornea)
gene expression
protein synthesis and cell differentiation
immunity
reproduction, growth and development

Question 2

Beta-carotene’s role

Answer 2

Antioxidant

Question 3

Vit A Def

Answer 3

infections diseases, night blindness, blindness
All epithelial surfaces harden and flatten

Question 4

Vit A tox

Answer 4

reduced bone mineral density, liver abnormalities
blurred vision, N&V, pressure inside skull, headache

Question 5

Vit A sources

Answer 5

Retinol, beta-carotene

Question 6

Retinol sources

Answer 6

milt, eggs, liver

Question 7

Beta-carotene sources

Answer 7

spinach, leafy greens, broccoli, deep orange fruits

Question 8

Vit D function

Answer 8

Mineralization of bones
Brain and nerve cells? Muscle cells?

Question 9

Two forms of vit D

Answer 9

D2 (plant foods form)
D3 (animal foods, synthesized in body)

Question 10

How does Vit D metabolized?

Answer 10

requires conversions by the liver and kidneys

Question 11

What is Vit D?

Answer 11

Hormone

Question 12

Vit D def

Answer 12

rickets (weakening of bones)
osteomalacia (bone softening)
osteoporosis (reduced bone density)

Question 13

Vit D tox

Answer 13

calcium imbalance (formation of stones and calcification of soft tissues)

Question 14

Vit D sources

Answer 14

synthesized in body from sunshine
fortified foods, eggs, liver, fatty fish

Question 15

Vit E function

Answer 15

antioxidant (stabilization of cell membranes)
protects lungs
reduce LDL

Question 16

Vit E def

Answer 16

erythrocyte hemolysis
nerve damage
loss of muscle coordination
impaired movement, vision and speech

Question 17

Vit E tox

Answer 17

hemorrhagic effect (blood clotting)

Question 18

Vit E sources

Answer 18

plant oils, green leafy veg, wheat germ, whole grain, nuts, seeds

Question 19

Vit K function

Answer 19

synthesis of blood clotting proteins and bone proteins

Question 20

What vitamin injection do infants get at birth?

Answer 20

vit K

Question 21

Vit K def

Answer 21

hemorrhage
fat malabsorption

Question 22

Vit K sources

Answer 22

synthesized in body by GI bacteria
green leafy veg
cabbage
veg oils

Question 23

What vit can be synthesized in the body?

Answer 23

D and K

Question 24

Thiamin function

Answer 24

part of coenzyme used in energy metabolism

Question 25

Thiamin (b1) def

Answer 25

Beriberi (edema or muscle wasting) Anorexia and weight loss neurological disturbances muscular weakness heart enlargement and failure

Question 26

Thiamin (b1) sources

Answer 26

enriched, fortified or whole grain products pork

Question 27

Riboflavin function

Answer 27

part of coenzymes used in energy metabolism

Question 28

Riboflavin (b2) def

Answer 28

inflammation of the mouth, skin, and eyelids sensitivity to light sore throat

Question 29

Riboflavin (b2) sources

Answer 29

milk products, enriched fortified whole grain products liver

Question 30

Niacin function

Answer 30

part of coenzymes used in energy metabolism

Question 31

Niacin (b3) def

Answer 31

pellagra (diarrhea, dermatitis and dementia)

Question 32

Niacin (b3) tox

Answer 32

niacin flush, liver damage, impaired glucose tolerance

Question 33

Niacin sources

Answer 33

milk, eggs, meat, poultry, fish, nuts

Question 34

Biotin function

Answer 34

part of a coenzyme used in energy metabolism

Question 35

Biotin def

Answer 35

skin rash, hair loss, neurological disturbances

Question 36

Biotin sources

Answer 36

GI bacteria synthesis Found in most foods

Question 37

Panthothermic acid function

Answer 37

part of coenzyme used in energy metabolism

Question 38

Panthothermic acid def

Answer 38

digestive and neurological disturbances

Question 39

Vit B6

Answer 39

Part of coenzymes used in amino acid and fatty acid metabolism

Question 40

Vit B6 def

Answer 40

scaly dermatitis, depression, confusion, convulsions, anemia

Question 41

Vit B6 tox

Answer 41

nerve degeneration, skin lesions

Question 42

Vit B6 sources

Answer 42

meats, fish, poultry, potatoes, legumes, liver, soy

Question 43

Folate function

Answer 43

activates B12, helps synthesize DNA for new cell growth, protects nerve cells

Question 44

Folate def

Answer 44

anemia smooth red tongue, mental confusion

Question 45

Folate tox

Answer 45

masks vit B12 deficiency

Question 46

Folate sources

Answer 46

fortified grains, leafy green veg, seeds, liver

Question 47

Vit B12 function

Answer 47

activates folate helps synthesize DNA for new cell growth, protects nerve cells

Question 48

Vit B12 def

Answer 48

anemia, nerve damage, paralysis

Question 49

Vit B12 sources

Answer 49

Animals

Question 50

Vit C function

Answer 50

synthesis of collagen, carnitine, hormones, neurotransmitters, antioxidant

Question 51

Vit C def

Answer 51

survy (bleeding gums, pinpoint hemorrhages, joint pain)

Question 52

Vit C tox

Answer 52

diarrhea, GI distress

Question 53

Vit C sources

Answer 53

citrus fruits cabbage veg dark green veg lettuce tomatoes mangoes