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NURS 300 > Body Balance > Flashcards

Body Balance Flashcards

1
Q

Catabolism

A

breaking down and releasing energy

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2
Q

Anabolism

A

building up and using energy

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3
Q

ATP break down

A

energy is released when phosphate bond is broken (allows body to work)
This results in formation of ADP

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4
Q

ATP Synthesis

A

Energy is required
Energy comes from breakdown of carbs, fat and protein

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5
Q

What is the body’s energy metabolism?

A

Glycolysis
Pyruvate
Acetyl CoA

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6
Q

Krebb’s cycle

A

how CHO, fats and protein become usable energy
where stored energy from CHO, fats, proteins is released (this happens when acetyl-coA is oxidized into ATP and Co2

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7
Q

Is fat an efficient source of glucose?

A

No, 95% can not be converted to glucose

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8
Q

Deamination

A

loss of amino NH2 group is done if the protein needs to be used for energy or is consumed in access

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9
Q

What can amino acids convert to for energy?

A

pyruvate
glucose
acetyl coa
enter TCA cycle

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10
Q

How is glycerol used for energy? (fat breakdown)

A

It is left to become new glucose or yield more energy

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11
Q

Feasting (Energy Imbalance)

A

More energy is consumed than expended (excess is stored as fat)
Excess carbs (first stored as glycerol, when stores are full, it is used for energy which makes fat be stored more)
Excess fat (immediate adipose tissue)
Excess protein (enzymes turn protein into body fat)

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12
Q

What does excess carbs do in feasting?

A

Liver and muscle glycogen stores
Body fat stores

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13
Q

What does access fat do in feasting?

A

Contributes to body fat stores

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14
Q

What does excess protein do in feasting?

A

Nitrogen lost in urine
Body fat stores

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15
Q

Fasting steps

A
  1. Glycogen used first (glycogen stores and adipose tissue)
  2. Protein breakdown and ketosis (provides glucose for the brain, lean tissue wasting slows but continues, ketone body production increases)
  3. Slowed metabolism (conserves fat and lean tissue)
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16
Q

In fasting, how fast is liver glycogen used up?

A

One day

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17
Q

What parts of the body can not metabolize fatty acids?

A

brain, nerves, RBC

18
Q

What are ketone bodies?

A

acidic, water-soluble compounds produced by the liver from fatty acid fragments

19
Q

What happens after 12-15 hours of fasting?

A

glycogen stores run out

20
Q

What happens after 15-48 hours of fasting?

A

protein is main source of energy (muscle breakdown)

21
Q

What happens after >48 hours of fasting?

A

body shifts energy mostly from ketone bodies (basal metabolic rate decreases)
Slow muscle loss

22
Q

Hazards of fasting

A

wasting lean tissue
impairment of disease resistance
lowering of body temp
disruption of body fluid and electrolyte balance

23
Q

Why is fasting not optimal for weight loss?

A

causes loss of lean body fat

24
Q

Components of energy use

A

Basal metabolism (40-65%): basal metabolic rate and resting metabolic rate
Energy for physical activities (30-50%): muscle mass, body weight and activity
Energy to manage food (10%): energy spent in order to eat and digest food

25
Q

Does fasting increase or decrease BMR?

A

decrease

26
Q

Does manutrition increase or decrease BMR?

A

decrease

27
Q

Does hormones increase or decrease BMR?

A

both

28
Q

Does smoking increase or decrease BMR?

A

increase

29
Q

Does caffiene increase or decrease BMR?

A

increases

30
Q

Dose body composition affect BMR?

A

more lean muscle, increases

31
Q

does a fever increase or decrease BMR?

A

increases

32
Q

Does stress increase or decrease BMR?

A

both

33
Q

What organs are part of feasting/metabolism/catabolism?

A

liver, kidneys, GI tract, pancreas, heart

34
Q

Can a compound that is converted to pyruvate be used to make glucose?

A

yes

35
Q

Can a compound that is converted to acetyl CoA be used to make glucose?

A

No

36
Q

What does the kreb cycle release?

A

ATP and CO2

37
Q

ATP

A

the molecular unit of currency for intracellular energy transfer

38
Q

How is nitrogen exceted? (amino acid breakdown)

A

through the kidneys

39
Q

What are the three factors to consider when thinking about energy expenditure?

A

BMR
Physical activity
Energy to manage food (thermic effect)

40
Q

What is excess CHO stored as? Converted to?

A

Stored as glycogen
Converted to fat

41
Q

What is excess protein used for? Stored as?

A

Stored as glucose
Stored as triglycerides

42
Q

What is excess fat stored as?`

A

NURS 300 (19 decks)

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