Proteins

Question 1

Proteins

Answer 1

Built from amino acids
contain C, H, O and N
Types: essential, non-essential (body can make it), conditionally essential (body can usually make it)

Question 2

Structure of proteins

Answer 2

amino acids bind together to create chains
dipeptide and tripeptide

Question 3

Functions of proteins

Answer 3

structure
enzymes
transporters
fluid and electrolyte (albumin in fluid shift)
Antibodies
acid-base balance
hormones
energy and glucose

Question 4

What happens in acute illness?

Answer 4

Protein needs increase

Question 5

Fluid and electrolyte balance (function of proteins)

Answer 5

proteins can not move freely across membranes
cells make water attracting proteins (b/c body can not create water) - oncotic pressure
When proteins leak out = edema

Question 6

Acid-base balance (function of proteins)

Answer 6

changes in pH levels affect proteins negatively
Albumin regulates too much or too little hydrogen ions

Question 7

Turnover (function of proteins)

Answer 7

Continuous breakdown and synthesis of body proteins (recycling of amino acids)
Balance between build up and break down of proteins

Question 8

Nitrogen balance (protein function)

Answer 8

Scientific method of measuring net protein loss/gain
signifies if catabolism or anabolism is leading to changes in protein stores

Question 9

Cases with positive nitrogen balance?

Answer 9

children, pregnant women

Question 10

Cases with negative nitrogen balance?

Answer 10

illness, fever, burns

more energy to repair

Question 11

What are the risks of too much protein?

Answer 11

Nutrient displacement
Increased fat intakes
Increased stress on kidneys
Increased calcium excretion

Question 12

Complimentary Proteins

Answer 12

Two or more protein foods whose amino acids from one provide the missing amino acids from the other

Question 13

Protein digestibility

Answer 13

measure of the amino acids absorbed from a given protein intake

Question 14

How many amino acids are there?

Answer 14

20