Digestion Flashcards
Mechanical Digestion
chewing, churning of the stomach, peristalsis
Chemical Digestion
saliva, enzymes, transport of nutrients to where it is needed
Movement of Digestion
mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, esophagus, esophageal sphincter, stomach, pyloric sphincter, duodenum, gallbladder and pancreas, jejunum, ileum, ileocecal valve, colon, rectum, anus
What does the mouth do?
Saliva lubricates
Amylase starts starch digestion
Chewing breaks down food
What does the pharynx do?
Epiglottis keeps food from airways
What does the Esophagus do?
Where peristalsis starts
What does the stomach do?
Food storage
Acid kills bacteria, unfolds proteins, activates pepsin
Produces chyme
What does the small intestines do?
Most digestion and absorption
Pancreatic enzymes digest food and bicarbonate neutralizes acid
Bile breaks fat
What does the large intestines do?
absorb water
Bacteria digest fiber, make vitamins
What does the rectum do?
Stores feces
what does the liver do?
manufactures bile salts to help digest fats
What does the gallbladder do?
stores bile until needed
What does the Pyloric sphincter do?
allows passage from stomach to small intestine
What does the ileocecal valve do?
allows passage from small intestine to the large intestine
What does the appendix do?
houses bacteria and lymph cells
What does the pancreas do?
manufactures enzymes to digest all energy-yielding nutrients and release bicarbonate to neutralize acidic chyme that enters the small intestine
Gastrointestinal motility
Peristalsis - muscle contractions
Segmentation - squeezing of the intestines that breaks things apart with enzymes
Digestive juices
Salivary glands (salivary amalaze breaks down starch)
Gastric glands/stomach (pepsin breaks down proteins and hydrochloric acid)
Liver (bile emulsifies fat that stores the bile in gallbladder)
Pancreas (pancreatic juices - carbs, fats, proteins)
Small intestine