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NURS 300 > Pregnancy > Flashcards

Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

Habits to maintain prior to pregnancy

A

Achieve and maintain a healthy body weight
Choose an adequate and balanced diet
Be physically active
Receive regular medical care
Avoid harmful influences

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2
Q

Risk to pregnancy when underweight

A

High risk of low-birth-weight infant

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3
Q

Risk to pregnancy when overweight or obese

A

Difficult labor and delivery, birth trauma, and cesarean section
Increased risk of neural tube defects and other abnormalities

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4
Q

What does the placenta do?

A

Supplies nutrients and removes waste from fetus
produces hormones
filters substances

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5
Q

What is the pipeline from the placenta to the fetus?

A

Umbilical cord

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6
Q

What can cause implantation failure?

A

Smoking
drug abuse
malnutrition

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7
Q

Embryo

A

infant from 2-8 weeks

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8
Q

fetus

A

infant from 8 weeks until birth

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9
Q

How long is gestation time?

A

38-42 weeks

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10
Q

How are the trimesters divided up?

A

First: 0-12
Second: 13-26
Third: 27-40

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11
Q

Why are the effects of malnutrition during critical periods (rapid cell division) irreversible?

A

Heart and brain development of child

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12
Q

What are some high-risk pregnancy factors?

A

Smoking
Trauma
Substance use
Underweight or overweight
SDoH

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13
Q

Nutrient needs during pregnancy

A

energy, carbs, protein and fat

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14
Q

How many extra calories do you need in the first trimester?

A

none

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15
Q

How many extra calories do you need in the second trimester?

A

340 calories

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16
Q

How many extra calories do you need in the third trimester?

A

450 calories

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17
Q

What nutrient dense foods are important?

A

high nutrition
protein, vit B, zinc (protein synthesis), vit C, calcium (fetal bone dev), vit D

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18
Q

Why do you need fiber during pregnancy?

A

constipation

19
Q

What essential fatty acids do you need during pregnancy?

A

omega 3 and 6

20
Q

How much extra protein do you need during pregnancy?

A

25g

21
Q

How much folate and vitamin B12 do you need during pregnancy?

A

400-600 mcg/day

22
Q

What happens when you dont have enough folate or vitamin B12 during pregnancy?

A

Spinal bifida

23
Q

Physical activity after pregnancy

A

choose low impact activities
continue exercise during pregnancy

24
Q

Common nutrition concerns in pregnancy

A

Food cravings and food aversions
Nonfood cravings: pica
Morning sickness
Heartburn
Constipation
Alleviation strategies

25
Q

Problems in pregnancy

A

Preexisting diabetes
Gestational diabetes
HTN
Preeclamsia

26
Q

Preeclampsia symptoms

A

HTN and protein in the urine

27
Q

How is absorption of meds affected in pregnancy?

A

Hormonal changes, pressure, delayed gastric emptying, oral meds take longer to absorb, GI tract is slowed

28
Q

How is distribution of meds affected in pregnancy?

A

increased blood flow to kidneys, uterus and skin, increased cardiac output and plasma volume (dilution of drugs), decreased flow to skeletal muscles

29
Q

How is metabolism of drugs altered during pregnancy?

A

Increases, need higher dose

30
Q

How is excretion of drugs affected during pregnancy?

A

increased blood flow to kidneys, increased excretion
changes in dosage timing and onset of action

31
Q

FDA pregnancy categories

A

A: have not shown fetal risk or harm
B: animal studies – no evidence to harm to the fetus. No pregnant women in trials.
C: animal studies have shown adverse effect.
D: risks are seen in fetus in pregnant women. benefits outweigh the risks to the fetus
X: Animal and pregnant women. Positive evidence of fetal abnormalities or risks. Contraindicated in women who are pregnant
N: Not yet classified

32
Q

Teratogens

A

Agents that cause fetal malformations

33
Q

What does smoking cause?

A

complicated birth, low birth weight, SIDS, vasoconstriction

34
Q

What are practices that should be avoided when pregnant?

A

Smoking
Medicinal drugs and herbal supplimnets
Drugs abuse
Environmental contaminants
Foodborne illness
Restrictive diet
Sugar substitutes
Caffeine
Alcohol

35
Q

What are the most concerning containants?

A

lead, mercery

36
Q

Listeriosis

A

Causes miscarriage, stillborn, severe brain or other infections in baby

37
Q

What is recommended caffeine intake in pregnant women?

A

<200mg/day

38
Q

What deficiencies are likely with adolescent pregnancies?

A

B12, D, folate, calcium, iron

39
Q

Optimal breastfeeding

A

exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months
breastfeeding with complementary foods for at least 12 months

40
Q

Energy needs for mother during breastfeeding

A

first 6 months: 330 calories/day
Second 6 months: extra 400 calories/day

41
Q

What is a safe rate for weight loss during breastfeeding?

A

1 pound/week

42
Q

How is milk production affected by nutritional deprivation?

A

Decreases quantity but not quality of milk

43
Q

What is the recommended consumption of water a day during breastfeeding for the mother?

A

about 13 cups/day

44
Q

Contraindications during breastfeeding

A

Alcohol
Tobacco and caffeine
Medications and illicit drugs
Maternal illness (stop if TB, active HIV can pass through breast milk)

NURS 300 (19 decks)

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