Pregnancy Flashcards
Habits to maintain prior to pregnancy
Achieve and maintain a healthy body weight
Choose an adequate and balanced diet
Be physically active
Receive regular medical care
Avoid harmful influences
Risk to pregnancy when underweight
High risk of low-birth-weight infant
Risk to pregnancy when overweight or obese
Difficult labor and delivery, birth trauma, and cesarean section
Increased risk of neural tube defects and other abnormalities
What does the placenta do?
Supplies nutrients and removes waste from fetus
produces hormones
filters substances
What is the pipeline from the placenta to the fetus?
Umbilical cord
What can cause implantation failure?
Smoking
drug abuse
malnutrition
Embryo
infant from 2-8 weeks
fetus
infant from 8 weeks until birth
How long is gestation time?
38-42 weeks
How are the trimesters divided up?
First: 0-12
Second: 13-26
Third: 27-40
Why are the effects of malnutrition during critical periods (rapid cell division) irreversible?
Heart and brain development of child
What are some high-risk pregnancy factors?
Smoking
Trauma
Substance use
Underweight or overweight
SDoH
Nutrient needs during pregnancy
energy, carbs, protein and fat
How many extra calories do you need in the first trimester?
none
How many extra calories do you need in the second trimester?
340 calories
How many extra calories do you need in the third trimester?
450 calories
What nutrient dense foods are important?
high nutrition
protein, vit B, zinc (protein synthesis), vit C, calcium (fetal bone dev), vit D