Major Minerals Flashcards
Sodium function in the body
Primary regulator of the extracellular fluid volume (sodium to water ratio)
acid-base balance
muscle contraction
nerve transmission
Sodium UL
2300 mg/day
DASH Diet
Hypertension diet
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
Limits cholesterol, promotes fruits and veggies
Not low carb, low sodium instead
Sources of Na
salt, soy sauce, processed foods
Chloride function in the body
Maintains fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balances
Part of hydrochloric acid in gastric fluid
Proper digestion
Cl toxicity symptoms
may cause vomiting
Major source of Cl
Salt, soy sauce, processed foods
What is the principal (+) charged ion inside the cells?
Potassium
Potassium function in the body
Maintains fluid and electrolyte balance and cell integrity
Involved in nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction
Distribution inside and outside the cell affects many aspects of homeostasis
Facilitates reactions (making proteins)
Potassium toxicity symptoms
muscular weakness, vomiting
Potassium deficiency symptoms
increased blood pressure, kidney stones, bone turnover, increased salt sensitivity
major: Cardiac arrhythmias, muscle weakness, glucose intolerance
What are the causes of potassium deficiency
Diuretics (Lasix), steroids, cathartics (causes vomiting)
Causes of potassium toxicity
overconsumption of potassium salts or supplements, diseases, or medications
Best sources of potassium
fresh/whole foods, especially fruits and vegetables
Potassium correlation with HTN
Low potassium intakes raise blood pressure
Ample potassium associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke
Calcium roles in the body
Integral part of bone structure and serves as a calcium bank
Muscle contraction
nerve functioning
blood clotting
blood pressure
immune defenses
What is a major (-) ion of extracellular fluid?
Chloride
What is the most abundant mineral in the body?
Calcium (bones)