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NURS 300 > Major Minerals > Flashcards

Major Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

Sodium function in the body

A

Primary regulator of the extracellular fluid volume (sodium to water ratio)
acid-base balance
muscle contraction
nerve transmission

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2
Q

Sodium UL

A

2300 mg/day

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3
Q

DASH Diet

A

Hypertension diet
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
Limits cholesterol, promotes fruits and veggies
Not low carb, low sodium instead

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4
Q

Sources of Na

A

salt, soy sauce, processed foods

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5
Q

Chloride function in the body

A

Maintains fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balances
Part of hydrochloric acid in gastric fluid
Proper digestion

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6
Q

Cl toxicity symptoms

A

may cause vomiting

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7
Q

Major source of Cl

A

Salt, soy sauce, processed foods

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8
Q

What is the principal (+) charged ion inside the cells?

A

Potassium

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9
Q

Potassium function in the body

A

Maintains fluid and electrolyte balance and cell integrity
Involved in nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction
Distribution inside and outside the cell affects many aspects of homeostasis
Facilitates reactions (making proteins)

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10
Q

Potassium toxicity symptoms

A

muscular weakness, vomiting

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11
Q

Potassium deficiency symptoms

A

increased blood pressure, kidney stones, bone turnover, increased salt sensitivity
major: Cardiac arrhythmias, muscle weakness, glucose intolerance

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12
Q

What are the causes of potassium deficiency

A

Diuretics (Lasix), steroids, cathartics (causes vomiting)

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13
Q

Causes of potassium toxicity

A

overconsumption of potassium salts or supplements, diseases, or medications

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14
Q

Best sources of potassium

A

fresh/whole foods, especially fruits and vegetables

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15
Q

Potassium correlation with HTN

A

Low potassium intakes raise blood pressure
Ample potassium associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke

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16
Q

Calcium roles in the body

A

Integral part of bone structure and serves as a calcium bank
Muscle contraction
nerve functioning
blood clotting
blood pressure
immune defenses

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17
Q

What is a major (-) ion of extracellular fluid?

A

Chloride

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18
Q

What is the most abundant mineral in the body?

A

Calcium (bones)

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19
Q

Calcium deficiency symptoms

A

stunted growth
bone loss

20
Q

Calcium toxicity symptoms

A

constipation, increased risk of urinary stones, interference of absorption with other minerals

21
Q

What is the principal electrolyte in the extracellular fluid?

A

Sodium

22
Q

How is bone made of calcium?

A

Calcium salts form crystals on a collagen matrix

23
Q

What age is peek bone mass?

A

10-30 years old

24
Q

What is the calcium balance?

A

When blood calcium levels rise too high, it is deposited into bone
Regulatory system to counter low blood calcium by…
- Small intestine absorbs more calcium
- Bones release more calcium into the blood
- Kidneys excrete less calcium

25
Q

How is blood calcium affected by a chronic dietary deficiency of calcium?

A

It would show as regular levels because the calcium is regulated in the blood and if there isn’t enough, they will take it from the bones, bone loss

26
Q

Why is osteoporosis more prevalent in women than in men?

A

women consume less calcium, loose estrogen after menopause (loose 20% bone mass), less bone mass

27
Q

Prevention of osteoporosis

A

adequate calcium and weight-bearing physical activity

28
Q

Calcium RDA during adolescence

A

1300 mg

29
Q

When does RDA for calcium lower?

A

age 19-50

30
Q

When does RDA for calcium raise?

A

women >50
men >70

31
Q

Sources of calcium

A

Milk and milk products
Fortified foods
Sardines
tofu
turnip greens
broccoli

32
Q

What is the most abundant mineral in the body?

A

Phosphorus

33
Q

What is the function of phosphorus?

A

mineralization of bones and teeth
genetic material
energy transfer
buffer systems

34
Q

Where is phosphorus found?

A

bones, teeth and all body tissues

35
Q

Sources of phosphorus

A

animal protein, milk, cheese

36
Q

Where is magnesium found in the body?

A

bones, muscles, heart, liver, and other soft tissues; small amount in body fluids

37
Q

What is magnesium function?

A

Functions in enzymes; needed for energy release in cells; required for normal muscle function; bone mineralization

38
Q

Symptoms of magnesium deficiency

A

low blood calcium, muscle cramps, and seizures, hallucinations, difficulty swallowing

39
Q

Magnesium toxicity

A

caused by high non-food intakes (supplements, magnesium salts)
diarrhea, nausea, abd cramps, acid-base balance

40
Q

Magnesium in foods

A

Present in hard water
dark green, leafy vegetables; nuts; legumes; whole-grain breads and cereals; seafood; chocolate and cocoa

41
Q

Sulfate in the body

A

Helps shape protein strands (hair, skin, nails)

42
Q

Sodium Deficiency symptoms

A

muscle cramps, mental apathy, loss of appetite

43
Q

Sodium toxicity symptoms

A

hypertension

44
Q

Toxicity of phosphorus

A

calcification of nonskeletal tissues (kidneys)

45
Q

What is sulfates function?

A

stabilizes protein shape by forming sulfur-sulfur bridges

NURS 300 (19 decks)

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