Infancy/Childhood/Adolescence

Question 1

Infant growth

Answer 1

Birthweight doubles by 5-6 months and triples by 1 year
Need twice as much nutrients of most adults

Question 2

Nutrition for an infant

Answer 2

Vit and minerals critical (vit C)
Lipids are the main source of energy

Question 3

How long are infants usually breast fed?

Answer 3

6 months (8-12 feedings a day)

Question 4

What does lactose do for an infant?

Answer 4

a carbohydrate that enhances calcium absorption

Question 5

Formula for infant

Answer 5

iron fortified

Question 6

Risk of formula

Answer 6

constipation, do not get adaptive milk, nursing bottle tooth decay

Question 7

When do you introduce solid food to an infant?

Answer 7

4-6 months
this allows the baby to have increased nutrients for increased needs of baby

Question 8

What foods should we choose for an infant?

Answer 8

foods high in iron, zinc, vit C

Question 9

When does growth starts in childhood?

Answer 9

at 1 year

Question 10

Energy and nutrient needs in childhood

Answer 10

1 year old: 800 kcal/day
6 year old: 1600 kcal/day
10 year old: 2000 kcal/day

Question 11

Most important nutrients for childhood

Answer 11

Carbs
Fat and fatty acids
Protein (needs increase with age)
Vit and minerals (iron, Vit D)

Question 12

How much iron in childhood?

Answer 12

7-10mg/day

Question 13

What anthropometric data would you note for infants?

Answer 13

weight, height, head circomferance

Question 14

What do you want to know about dietary intake of children?

Answer 14

What is the I & O
How long do they nurse?
Milk, fruits, veg and liquids

Question 15

Which lab tests would you monitor for children?

Answer 15

Iron

Question 16

Iron deficiency in children (symptoms)

Answer 16

Affects behavior and intellectual performance
Inability to concentrate, fatigue, irritability

Question 17

Protein deficiency in children

Answer 17

slows growth
impaired brain and kidney function
weakened immune defenses
impaired nutrient absorption from the digestive tract

Question 18

Severe Acute Malnutrition

Answer 18

Current or recent malnutrition
rapid weight loss (underweight for height)

Question 19

Chronic Malnutrition

Answer 19

long term
Low height for age
Able to survive but not thrive
increased risk of infection, diarrhea, vit and mineral deficiencies

Question 20

Marasmus

Answer 20

poor growth, dramatic weight loss, loss of body fat and muscle, and apathy
Lean and fat tissue have wasted away, broken down to provide energy to sustain life
Weigh too little for their height

Question 21

Kwashiorkor

Answer 21

Less common form of SAM
Distinguishing factor is edema; as fluids shift out of the blood and into the tissues
loss of hair colour; development of patchy, scaly skin, non-healing sores
“sickness that infects the first child when the second child is born)

Question 22

Failure to thrive (FTT)

Answer 22

Weight for length: below 5th percentile (for sex and corrected age)
BMI: below 5th percentile. (on curve)

Question 23

What are causes of FTT

Answer 23

Inadequate caloric intake
Inadequate absorption
Increased metabolism
Defective utilization

Question 24

Treatment for severe malnutrition

Answer 24

Initial phase (Life threatening problems; deficiencies corrected, metabolic abnormalities; feeding started)
Rehabilitation phase (increased feeding, emotional and physical stimulation, prepare for discharge)
Follow-up (prevent relapse and child dev)

Question 25

Defined overweight and obese children

Answer 25

Overweight: Above 85th percentile
Obese: Above the 95th percentile

Question 26

What is the goal for obese treatment in children?

Answer 26

improve long-term physical health through permanent healthy lifestyle habits
initial goal: maintain weight during growth so BMI falls as height increases

Question 27

Treatment of obesity in children

Answer 27

diet, physical activity, psychological support, and behavioral changes

Question 28

When do females get their growth spurt?

Answer 28

10 or 11

Question 29

When do males get their growth spurt?

Answer 29

12 or 13

Question 30

What are the most important nutrition needs for adolescence?

Answer 30

Vitamin D
Iron
Calcium

Question 31

Which adolescences are most susceptible to vit D deficiency?

Answer 31

darker skin tones, females, overweight

Question 32

Why do adolescence need more iron?

Answer 32

increased needs due to growth, greater lean body mass, menstruation

Question 33

Who are most susceptible for calcium deficiency?

Answer 33

Teen girls