Infancy/Childhood/Adolescence Flashcards
Infant growth
Birthweight doubles by 5-6 months and triples by 1 year
Need twice as much nutrients of most adults
Nutrition for an infant
Vit and minerals critical (vit C)
Lipids are the main source of energy
How long are infants usually breast fed?
6 months (8-12 feedings a day)
What does lactose do for an infant?
a carbohydrate that enhances calcium absorption
Formula for infant
iron fortified
Risk of formula
constipation, do not get adaptive milk, nursing bottle tooth decay
When do you introduce solid food to an infant?
4-6 months
this allows the baby to have increased nutrients for increased needs of baby
What foods should we choose for an infant?
foods high in iron, zinc, vit C
When does growth starts in childhood?
at 1 year
Energy and nutrient needs in childhood
1 year old: 800 kcal/day
6 year old: 1600 kcal/day
10 year old: 2000 kcal/day
Most important nutrients for childhood
Carbs
Fat and fatty acids
Protein (needs increase with age)
Vit and minerals (iron, Vit D)
How much iron in childhood?
7-10mg/day
What anthropometric data would you note for infants?
weight, height, head circomferance
What do you want to know about dietary intake of children?
What is the I & O
How long do they nurse?
Milk, fruits, veg and liquids
Which lab tests would you monitor for children?
Iron
Iron deficiency in children (symptoms)
Affects behavior and intellectual performance
Inability to concentrate, fatigue, irritability
Protein deficiency in children
slows growth
impaired brain and kidney function
weakened immune defenses
impaired nutrient absorption from the digestive tract
Severe Acute Malnutrition
Current or recent malnutrition
rapid weight loss (underweight for height)
Chronic Malnutrition
long term
Low height for age
Able to survive but not thrive
increased risk of infection, diarrhea, vit and mineral deficiencies
Marasmus
poor growth, dramatic weight loss, loss of body fat and muscle, and apathy
Lean and fat tissue have wasted away, broken down to provide energy to sustain life
Weigh too little for their height
Kwashiorkor
Less common form of SAM
Distinguishing factor is edema; as fluids shift out of the blood and into the tissues
loss of hair colour; development of patchy, scaly skin, non-healing sores
“sickness that infects the first child when the second child is born)
Failure to thrive (FTT)
Weight for length: below 5th percentile (for sex and corrected age)
BMI: below 5th percentile. (on curve)
What are causes of FTT
Inadequate caloric intake
Inadequate absorption
Increased metabolism
Defective utilization
Treatment for severe malnutrition
Initial phase (Life threatening problems; deficiencies corrected, metabolic abnormalities; feeding started)
Rehabilitation phase (increased feeding, emotional and physical stimulation, prepare for discharge)
Follow-up (prevent relapse and child dev)
Defined overweight and obese children
Overweight: Above 85th percentile
Obese: Above the 95th percentile
What is the goal for obese treatment in children?
improve long-term physical health through permanent healthy lifestyle habits
initial goal: maintain weight during growth so BMI falls as height increases
Treatment of obesity in children
diet, physical activity, psychological support, and behavioral changes
When do females get their growth spurt?
10 or 11
When do males get their growth spurt?
12 or 13
What are the most important nutrition needs for adolescence?
Vitamin D
Iron
Calcium
Which adolescences are most susceptible to vit D deficiency?
darker skin tones, females, overweight
Why do adolescence need more iron?
increased needs due to growth, greater lean body mass, menstruation
Who are most susceptible for calcium deficiency?
Teen girls
