Water Soluble Vitamins Flashcards
The only water-soluble vitamin that can be toxic is _____.
B6
True or false: high levels of water-soluble vitamins do not affect tissue levels.
Most of the time, no –but chronic high intake can raise tissue levels
Riboflavin is also known as _____.
B2
B1, B2, and B3 are all involved in the ______.
TCA cycle
Thiamin is found in which foods?
Legumes, rice bran, and grains
Riboflavin is found in ______________.
dairy, eggs, and meats
Niacin is found in _______________.
meat, poultry, and corn (if the corn is treated with alkaline)
Thiamin deficiency is also called _______.
beriberi
Thiamin deficiency can present in what three ways?
- Dry: peripheral neuropathy, muscle tenderness, and foot drop
- Wet: edema, CHF
- Wernicke-Korsakoff: ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, confabulation, memory loss
What groups of people are at risk for thiamin deficiency?
Alcoholics
People receiving TPN without B1
Anorexics
SE Asians (eating polished rice)
What is angular stomatitis and in what micronutrient deficiency does it present?
It is dry, cracked lips (at the commissure) and it presents in riboflavin deficiency.
Pellagra presents in B3 deficiency. What are the four “D” symptoms?
Diarrhea
Dementia
Dermatitis
Death
The ______________ in pellagra is usually symmetric.
dermatitis
Sun-sensitivity is a finding of ______________.
niacin deficiency
Dermatitis with ______________ presents with niacin deficiency.
hypopigmentation
Folic acid is crucial in ____________ transfers.
single-carbon (such as methylation and nucleic-acid synthesis)
Folic acid comes from ______________.
FOLIage (duh!), orange juice, and whole grains
Folate deficiency is common in ______________.
alcoholics, pregnant women, and the elderly
A normal level of segments in the nuclei of a neutrophil is ______________.
5 - 6
B12 helps reform tetrahydrofolate from ___________.
methylfolate
B12 is involved in the isomerization of methylmalonyl co-a to _______________.
succinyl co-a
Which B vitamin is only found in animal products?
B12
Absorption of ____________ is an active, saturable process. Thus, eating much more than the RDA leads to a large amount of excretion (expensive pee and poop).
ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
Joint pain (and refusal to walk) is a sign of _________ deficiency.
vitamin C
Those with bariatric surgery are at increased risk for ___________.
BERIberi (get it?)
You can actually precipitate Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome by _____________.
refeeding a starved person without giving supplemental thiamin
Tryptophan is a precursor for __________ and can actually prevent deficiency in that enzyme.
niacin
Why does carcinoid tumor lead to niacin deficiency?
Because it shunts tryptophan away from niacin production
B6 deficiency presents with _____________.
anemia, glossitis, and neurologic problems
The neurologic effects of ______ deficiency are irreversible.
B12
Which vitamin helps convert tryptophan to serotonin and dopamine to norepinephrine?
Vitamin C
