GI Tract and Systemic Immunity Flashcards
An uncommitted T cell is given the nomenclature _____.
Th0
One activated T-helper cell becomes _________ cells in four days.
64,000
Which five main cells can Th0 cells become?
Th1 Th2 Treg Th17 Thf
At the site of antigen, activated Th1 cells release ___________.
interferon-gamma (which attracts M1 macrophages) and IL-2 (which activates cytotoxic T cells)
Which macrophage subtype is aggressive?
M1
The main helper T cell involved in psoriasis is _____.
Th17
It’s thought that ulcerative colitis results from ______________.
an immune system response to commensal bacteria
Activated Th2, at the site of antigen, releases ___________.
IL-4 (attracting eosinophils and macrophages) and IL-13 (stimulating IgE production)
Three immune cell types are involved in asthma: _________________.
Th2, M2 macrophages, and eosinophils
True or false: Th17 is another regulatory T cell that helps reduce the lymph node response.
False. Th17 is a very strong inflammatory T cell.
A Th0 cell in the thymus that binds to peptide/MHC with high affinity ________. A Th0 cell in the gut that binds peptide/MHC in the presence of TGFbeta only turns into a _________. A Th0 cell in the gut that binds peptide/MHC in the presence of TGFbeta and IL-6 turns into a __________.
dies; iTreg; Th1, Th2, or Th17
Differentiate Treg and iTreg.
Treg: a Treg cell that arises in the thymus
iTreg: a Treg that is induced in the periphery
Normal gut tissue creates _________ that makes an environment favorable for Tregs.
TGFbeta
The recurring theme in research on the causes of IBD is ___________.
leaking gut – allowing bacteria through
What does TTG do?
Tissue transglutaminase catalyzes the reaction that converts glutamine to glutamic acid –a deamidation reaction –in the gliadin peptide (position 6).
Describe the role of follicular helper T cells (Tfh).
They normally reside in the paracortex of the lymph node, and when they bind antigen they migrate to the follicles and active B cells to make immunoglobulin.
Tregs make two important anti-inflammatory cytokines: _______.
IL-10 and TGFbeta
CTLs kill cells but also secrete what signaling molecule?
Interferon-gamma (to attract macrophages to come eat the cells they’ve killed)
Most of the complementarity of the T cell receptor is in CDR______.
3
What determines the pathway of the Th0 cell?
The particular history of the dendritic cell that presented antigen
There is normally abundant ______ in the gut and ________ secreted by gut dendritic cells that promotes Treg develop in Peyer’s patches.
TGFbeta; IL-10
TGFbeta and ______ in the gut leads to development of Th0 cells into Th1 and Th17.
IL-6 (released by damaged epithelium)
If your body makes IgE to _____________ after a tick bite, then you’ll become allergic to meat.
galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose
