Water

Question 1

What is water?

Answer 1

The most abundant and less expensive nutrient

Question 2

How much water makes up an adult body mass? Newborns?

Answer 2

-50-65% Adults
-80-90% Newborns

Question 3

Does lean tissue have more or less water than adipose tissue?

Answer 3

Lean tissue has more water than adipose tissue

Question 4

What is the relationship between water and fat?

Answer 4

As body fat increases, body water decreases

Question 5

What is the percent of water in adipose? Lean?

Answer 5

-Adipose: 10%
-Lean: 70-75%

Question 6

Is total body water directly or inversely related to body fat?

Answer 6

-Inversely

Question 7

How much body water is extracellular? Intracellular?

Answer 7

-Extracellular: 30-40%
-Intracellular: 60-70%

Question 8

If all body fat was removed how much water content would there be?

Answer 8

70-75% of fat-free weight

Question 9

What are the three sources of water?

Answer 9

-Drinking free water
-Water in or on feed
-Metabolic water

Question 10

What is In or On feed water? how is it absorbed?

Answer 10

-water found in feeds is absorbed in the gut
-water is absorbed passively from the gut-osmotically (sugars, amino acids, ions)

Question 11

How is water absorbed in ruminants?

Answer 11

-net absorption of water occurs from rumen and omasum
-fluids flow into the gut: abomasum, stomach, duodenum

Question 12

How is water absorbed in non-ruminants?

Answer 12

-net absorption of water from jejunum, ileum, large intestine (cecum and/or colon)

Question 13

What is metabolic water?

Answer 13

-also called water of oxidation (organic compounds)

Question 14

Examples of things that can be oxidized to get metabolic water?

Answer 14

-glucose
-palmitate
-Alanine

Question 15

Out of fat, protein, and carbohydrates which one will give you the most water per gram?

Answer 15

Fat

Question 16

Examples of animals that extensively use metabolic water?

Answer 16

-Hibernating animals
-Migrating birds that make non-stop flights
-Desert rodents

Question 17

Ways water are loss?

Answer 17

-Urine, feces, sweat
-insensible water: lungs, skin, kidneys (continous)

Question 18

What is the water in urine used for?

Answer 18

-a solvent for excretion products
-urea in animals
-uric acid in birds (minimizes water loss)

Question 18

Water loss in horses

Answer 18

-loss of water via sweat is large in horses
-dissipating heat, sweat glands distributed over the body surface

Question 19

What does loss of water form blood intell?

Answer 19

-increase blood viscosity
-hematocrit
-heart rate
-resistance to flow

Question 20

Symptoms of water deprivation

Answer 20

-reduced feed intake
-decrease water excretion
-reduced milk production

Question 21

How does free water affect free water intake?

Answer 21

-wetter feeds reduce water intake

Question 22

What are the top three feedstuffs with the most moisture?

Answer 22

-spring grass
-corn silage
-haylage

Question 23

What are factors that affect water intake?

Answer 23

-environmental
-confinement animals
-range animals
-physiological state

Question 24

How does the environment affect water intake?

Answer 24

-higher temperatures = increase water intake
-tropic adapted cattle (Indian) is temperatures adapted compared to European cattle

Question 25

How does confinement animals affect water intake?

Answer 25

-design and accessibility of water
-cleanliness and palatability of water

Question 26

How do animals being on a range affect water intake?

Answer 26

-distance to get water might me long
-drink more at one time

Question 27

How does physiological state affect water intake?

Answer 27

-lactation increases water requirements considerably
-water being exported from the body