Water Flashcards
What is water?
The most abundant and less expensive nutrient
How much water makes up an adult body mass? Newborns?
-50-65% Adults
-80-90% Newborns
Does lean tissue have more or less water than adipose tissue?
Lean tissue has more water than adipose tissue
What is the relationship between water and fat?
As body fat increases, body water decreases
What is the percent of water in adipose? Lean?
-Adipose: 10%
-Lean: 70-75%
Is total body water directly or inversely related to body fat?
-Inversely
How much body water is extracellular? Intracellular?
-Extracellular: 30-40%
-Intracellular: 60-70%
If all body fat was removed how much water content would there be?
70-75% of fat-free weight
What are the three sources of water?
-Drinking free water
-Water in or on feed
-Metabolic water
What is In or On feed water? how is it absorbed?
-water found in feeds is absorbed in the gut
-water is absorbed passively from the gut-osmotically (sugars, amino acids, ions)
How is water absorbed in ruminants?
-net absorption of water occurs from rumen and omasum
-fluids flow into the gut: abomasum, stomach, duodenum
How is water absorbed in non-ruminants?
-net absorption of water from jejunum, ileum, large intestine (cecum and/or colon)
What is metabolic water?
-also called water of oxidation (organic compounds)
Examples of things that can be oxidized to get metabolic water?
-glucose
-palmitate
-Alanine
Out of fat, protein, and carbohydrates which one will give you the most water per gram?
Fat
Examples of animals that extensively use metabolic water?
-Hibernating animals
-Migrating birds that make non-stop flights
-Desert rodents
Ways water are loss?
-Urine, feces, sweat
-insensible water: lungs, skin, kidneys (continous)
What is the water in urine used for?
-a solvent for excretion products
-urea in animals
-uric acid in birds (minimizes water loss)
Water loss in horses
-loss of water via sweat is large in horses
-dissipating heat, sweat glands distributed over the body surface
What does loss of water form blood intell?
-increase blood viscosity
-hematocrit
-heart rate
-resistance to flow
Symptoms of water deprivation
-reduced feed intake
-decrease water excretion
-reduced milk production
How does free water affect free water intake?
-wetter feeds reduce water intake
What are the top three feedstuffs with the most moisture?
-spring grass
-corn silage
-haylage
What are factors that affect water intake?
-environmental
-confinement animals
-range animals
-physiological state
How does the environment affect water intake?
-higher temperatures = increase water intake
-tropic adapted cattle (Indian) is temperatures adapted compared to European cattle
How does confinement animals affect water intake?
-design and accessibility of water
-cleanliness and palatability of water
How do animals being on a range affect water intake?
-distance to get water might me long
-drink more at one time
How does physiological state affect water intake?
-lactation increases water requirements considerably
-water being exported from the body
