Wall Flashcards
Any of various upright constructions presenting a continuous surface and serving to enclose, divide, or protect an area.
Wall
A wall forming part of the envelope of a building, having one face exposed to the weather or to earth.
Exterior wall, External wall
Any wall within a building, entirely surrounded by exterior walls.
Interior wall
An interior wall dividing a room or part of a building into separate areas.
Partition
An interior wall carrying a structural load.
Bearing partition, Load-bearing partition
An interior wall supporting no load other than its own weight,
Nonbearing Partition, non-load bearing partition
A movable or fixed device, esp. a framed construction, deisgned to divide, conceal or protect.
Screen
A partition capable of being moved to different locations.
movable partition, demountable partition
A wall capable of supporting an imposed load, as from a floor or roof of a building.
Bearing wall, load-bearing wall.
A wall supporting no load other than its own weight.
nonbearing wall, non-load-bearing wall
A pilaster or similar feature projecting from a corner of a building
Canton
A shallow rectangular feature projecting from a wall, having a capital and a base and architecturally treated as a column.
Pilaster
A column built so as to be truly or seemingly bonded to the wall before which it stands.
Engaged column
A short wall perpendicular to the end of a longer wall.
Return wall
A finishing or protective cap or course to an exterior wall, usually sloped or curved to shed water.
Coping
A coping that slopes only in one diretion.
Splayed coping
A coping that slopes to either side of a center ridge.
Saddle coping, saddlebacked coping
A low, protective wall at the edge of a terrace, balcony, or roof, esp that part of an exterior wall, fire wall, or party wall that rises above the roof.
Parapet
A wall bearing or crowned by a gable.
Gable wall
A foundation wall that encloses a usable area under a building.
Basement wall
A wall used jointly by contiguous structures, erected upon a line dividing two parcels of land, each of which is a separate real-estate entity.
Party wall
A wall having no windows, doorways or other openings.
Blind wall
A vertical supporting structure, such as a section of wall between two openings or one supporting the end of an arch or lintel.
Pier
An arch built above another structural member to relieve its load.
Discharging arch
A beam supporting the weight above a door or window opening.
Lintel
A horizontal timber or stone set in a wall to receive and distribute the pressure of a girder or beam.
Template, Templet
A house constructed with a skeletal framework of timber, usually sheathed with siding or shingles.
Frame house
A diagonal brace let int o studding to reinforce the corner of a frame structure.
Corner brace
To insert into the surface of a stud, wall, or the like as a permanent addition.
Let in
An assembly of two or three studs spiked together at the intersection of two framed walls to provide a nailing surface for finish materials.
Corner Post
A narrow wood strip fixed to the corner of a framed partition to provide a nailing surface for finish materials.
Backing
Any of various horizontal timbers laid flat across the heads of studding or upon floors to support joists, rafters, or studs at or near their ends.
Plate
A horizontal member built into or laid along the top of a wall to support and distribute the load from joists or rafters.
Wall plate, raising plate
The uppermost horizontal member of a framed wall on which joists or rafters rest.
Top plate
A number of small wood pieces inserted to space, join, or reinforce members of a building frame, fill the spaces between them, or provide a nailing surface for finish materials.
Blocking
A wall or partition framed with studs and faced with sheathing, siding, wall board, or plasterwork.
Stud wall, stud partition
Any of repetitive series of slender, upright members of wood or light-gauge metal forming the structural frame of a wall or partition.
Stud
Any framing member that is shorter that usual, such as a stud above a door opening or below a window sill.
Cripple
Any framing member that is shorter than usual, such as a stud above a door opening or below a window sill.
Cripple
From the centerline of one element, member, or part to the centerline of the next.
Center-to-center, on center
The bottom horizontal member of a framed wall upon which a row of studs is erected.
Soleplate, shoe, sole. solepiece
A wooden building frame having studs only one story high, regardless of the stories built, each story resting on the top plates of the story below or on the sill plates of the foundation wall.
Platform frame, western frame
A dwarf wall for supporting floor joists.
Pony wall
A wall less than a full story in height.
Dwarf wall
Any of various rods or bolts embedded in masonry or concrete to hold, secure, or support a structural member.
Anchor bolt
A resilient, fibrous material palced between a sill and a foundation wall to reduce air infiltration.
Sill sealer
Sheet metal installed atop a foundation wall or around pipes to prevent the passage of termites.
Termite Shield
The lowest horizontal member of a frame structure, resting on and anchored to a foundation wall.
Sill, mudsill, sill plate
A sill for a building frame, composed of a plate resting on a foundation wall and a joist or header at the outer edge of the plate, as well as a soleplate for studs resting either directly on the joists or on the rought flooring.
Box sill
A sill for a building frame, composed of a plate resting on a foundation wall and a joist or header at the outer edge of the plate.
L sill
A material or member built into a building frame to block a concealed hollow space through which a fire might spread from one part of the building to another.
Firestop
A piece attached to the face of a beam at the bottom as a support for the ends of joists.
Ledger strip
A thin, horizontal board let into studding to carry the ends of joists.
Ribbon, ledger, ribband, ribbon strip
A wooden building frame having studs that rise the full height of the frame from the sill palte to the roof plate, with joists nailed to the studs and supported by sills or by ribbons let into the studs.
Balloon Frame
A board or molding placed along the sloping sides of a gable to cover the ends of the siding.
Rake
A board against which siding is fitted at the corner of a frame structure.
Corner board
A small board or strip of wood used for various building purposes, such as covering joints between boards, supporting shingles or roofing tiles, or provding a base for lathing.
Batten
Siding consisting of wide boards or plywood sheets set vertically with butt joints covered by battens.
Board and batten
Siding consisting of matched boards applied vertically.
Vertical siding
A rough covering of boards, plywood, or other panel materials applied to a frame structure to serve as a base for siding, flooring or roofing.
Sheathing
Sheathing capable of bracing the plane of a framed wall or roof.
Structural sheathing
A sheathing of boards applied diagonally for lateral strength.
Diagonal Sheathing
A structure of boards used for sheathing or subflooring.
Boarding
Any of various papers, felts, or similar sheet material used in construction to prevent the passage of air or moisture.
Building paper.
A flush, overlapping joint, such as a rabbet, between two boards joined edge to edge, Also, the boarding joined with such overlapping joints.
Shiplap
Siding composed of boards narrowed along the upper edges to fit into rabbets or grooves in the lower edges, laid horizontally with their backs flat against the sheathing or studs of the wall.
Drop siding, novelty siding, rustic siding.
Bevel siding rabbeted along the lower edge to receive the upper edge of the board below it.
Dolly Varden siding
A long, thin board with one edge thicker than the other, laid horizontall as bevel siding.
Clapboard.
Siding composed of tapered boards, such as clapboards, laid horizontally with the thicker lower edge of each board overlapping the thinner upper edge of the board below it.
Bevel siding, lap siding
Siding composed of plain, square-edged boards laid horizontally so that the upper overlaps the one below.
Colonial siding
A series of panels, esp decorative wood panels, joined in a continuous surface..
Paneling
An encircling area or border.
Surround
A distinct portion, section or division of a wall, wainscot, ceiling or door, esp of any surface snk below or raised above the surrounding area, or enclosed by a frame or border.
Panel
A facing of wood paneling, esp when covering the lower portion of an interior wall.
Wainscot
A vertical member dividing the panels in wainscoting.
Mullion
The lower portion of an interior wall when faced or treated differently from the upper section, as with paneling or wallpaper.
Dado
A panel having a surface in the same plane as the surrounding frame.
Flush panel
A panel having a center portion thicker than the edges or projecting above the surrounding frame.
Raised panel, fielded panel
A panel having a surface recessed below the surrounding frame or surface.
Sunk panel
A bead having its outer surface at the same level as the adjoining surfaces.
Flush bead
A bead that projects above or beyond the adjoining surfaces.
Cock bead
A groove or acute angle dividing a bead or other molding from adjoining members or surfaces.
Quirk
A raised molding for framing a panel, doorway, or fireplace, esp when the meeting surfaces are at different levels.
Bolection, bilection
An exterior wall supported wholly by the structural frame of a building and carrying no loads other than its own weight and wind loads.
Curtain wall
A horizontal member spanning between exterior columns to support wall sheathing or cladding.
Girt
A noncombustible material placed in an opening to prevent the passage of fire, as between a curtain wall and a spandrel beam.
Safing
A beam spanning between columns and supporting the outer edge of a floor or roof.
Spandrel beam
An assembly of materials used behind a curtain wall to provide the required degree of fire-resistance.
Backup wall
A panellike area in a multistory frame building, between the sill of a window on one level and the head of a window immediately below.
Spandrel, spandril
Any of various metal devices used in curtain wall construction to secure a frame or panel to the building structure, usually allowing for adjustment in three dimensions.
Anchor
A curtain wall system in which tubular metal mullions and rails are assembled piece by piece on-site to frame vision and spandrel units.
Stick system.
An opaque glass for concealing the structural elements in curtain wall construction, produced by fusing a ceramic frit to the interior surface of tempered or heat-strengthened glass.
Spandrel glass
A curtain wall system consisting of preassembled, framed wall units that may be preglazed or glazed after installation.
Unit system
A curtain wall system consisting of preformed metal, cut stone, precast concrete, or panelized brick wall units, which may be preglazed or glazed after installation.
Panel System
A curtain wall system in which vision-glass assemblies and spandrel units are supported by spandrel beams between exterior columns clad with cover sections.
Column-cover-and-spandrel system
A curtain wall system in which one- or two-story high mullions are installed before preassembled wall units are lowered into place behind the mullions. The framed wall units may be preglazed or glazed after installation.
Unit-and-mullion system
A wall of treated timber, masonry, or concrete for holding in place a mass of earth. A retaining wall can fail by overturning, sliding, or settling.
Retaining wall, breast wall
The additional or excessive load or burden, as that of the earth above the level of the top of a retaining wall.
Surcharge
The forward, lower tip of the base of a footing or retaining wall, extended to give broader bearing and greater stability.
Toe
A retaining wall of reinforced concrete or reinforced concrete masonry, cantilevered from and securely tied to a spread footing that is shaped to resist overturning and sliding.
Cantilever wall
A triangular-shaped cross wall tying a concrete retaining wall to its base at regular intervals, built on the side of the material to be retained in order to stiffen the vertical slab and add weight to the base.
Counterfort
A backward slope of the face of a wall as it rises.
Batter
A masonry or concrete retaining wall that resists overturning and sliding by the sheer weight and volume of its mass.
Gravity wall
A type of gravity retaining wall formed by stacking modular, interlocking precast concrete units and filling the voids with crushed stone or gravel.
Bin wall, cellular wall
A log, concrete block, or similar mass burried in the ground as an anchor.
Deadman
A system of cribs for retaining earth or for a building being moved or having its foundation rebuilt.
Cribbing, Cribwork
A cellular framework of squared timbers, or steel or concrete members of similar form, assembled in layers at right angles, often filled with earth or stones and used in the construction of foundations and retaining walls.
Crib
A retaining wall consisting of precast concrete panels fastened to long galvanized steel straps extending into a compacted soil backfill.
Earth tieback wall
The maximum height at which a vertical cut in a cohesive soil will stand without shoring.
Critical height
The maximum slope, measured in degrees from the horizontal, at which loose solid material will remain in place without sliding.
Angle of repose
The minimum slope, measured in degrees from the horizontal, at which loose solid material will begin to slide or flow.
Angle of slide
A galvanized wire basket filled with stones, and used in constructing an abutment or retaining structure.
Gabion
A layer of broken stones thrown together irregularly on an embankment slope to prevent erosion.
Riprap
To face a sloping surface or embankment with stone or other material.
Revet
A facing of masonry or other suitable material for protecting an embankment against erosion.
Revetment
A plant that prevents or inhibits erosion by providing a ground cover and forming a dense network of roots that hold the soil.
Soil binder
A chemical admixture for maintaining or increasing the stability of a soil mass.
Soil stabilizer
