Material Flashcards
The attractive force by which atoms, ions, or groups of atoms are bound together in a molecule or crystaline structure.
Bond, Chemical Bond

A chemical bond characteristic of salts and ceramic materials, formed by the complete transfer of one or more electrons from one kind of ion to another.
Ionic Bond or Electrovalent Bond
A positively charged ion created by electron loss, which is attracted to the cathode in electrolysis.
Positive Ion, Cation
An electrically charged aton or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of one or more electrons.
Ion
A negatively charged ion created by electron gain, which is attracted to the anode in electrolysis.
Negative Ion or Anion
A measure of the capacity of an atom or group to combine with other atoms or groups, equal to the number of chemical bonds the atom or group can form.
Valence
An electron located in the outer shell of an atom that can be transferred or shared in forming a chemical bond with another atom.
Valence electron

That which occupies space, can be perceived by the senses, and constitutes the substance of physical body.
Matter
Any of up to seven spherical surfaces containing the orbits of electrons of approximately equal energy about the nucleus of an atom.
Shell
A fundamental particle of matter having a negative charge.
Electron
A fundamental particle having no charge.
Neutron
A positively charged particle that is a fundamental constituent of all atomic nuclei.
Proton
Matter having unique qualities by which it may categorized.
Material
The smallest unit of an element that can exist either alone or in combination, consisting of a nucleus of neutrons and protons surrounded by one or more electrons bound to the nucleus by electrical attraction.
Atom

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of a given element, which equals the number of electrons normally surrounding the nucleus.
Atomic Number or Proton Number
One of a class of substances that cannot be separated into simper substances by chemical means, composed of atoms having an identical number of protons in each nucleus.
Element
The average weight of an atom of an element based on 1/12 the weight of the carbon-12 atom.
Atomic Weight
A chemical bond formed by the sharing of pairs of electrons between two atoms.
Covalent Bond
An electrostatic bond between an electronegative atom and a hydrogen atom already lined to another electronegative atom by a covalent bond.
Hydrogen Bond
The smallest particle of a substance that displays all of the characteristic physical and chemical properties of the substance, consisting of one or more like atoms in an element, or two or more different atoms in a compound.
Molecule
The stable configuration of an element in which the outer shells of its atoms or ions are filled with the maximum number of electron pairs. nature moves atoms and ions toward this configuration by capturing, surrendering or sharing electrons with neighboring atoms or ions in an effort to achieve a relatively inert state of low energy.
Inert Gas Configuration
Any of the chemically inert gaseous elements: helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon.
Noble Gas, inert Gas
The average weight of a molecule of an element or compound calculated as the sum of the atomic weights of the molecule’s constituent atoms.
Molecular Weight or Formula Weight
The molecular weight of a substance expressed in grams; gram molecule.
Mole or Mol











