Stone Flashcards
Rock or a piece of rock quarried and worked into a specific size and shape for a particular purpose.
Stone
Solid mineral matter, naturally formed by the action of heat or water and occuring in fragments or large masses.
Rock
A class of rock formed by the deposition of sediment, such as limestone, sandstone or shale.
Sedimentary Rock
A class or rock that has undergone a change in structure, texture, or composition due to natural agencies, such as heat and pressure, esp when the rock becomes harder and more crytalline.
Metamorphic Rock
A class of rock formed by the crystallization of molten magma, such as granite.
Igneous Rock
A sedimentary rock formed chiefly by the accumulation of organic remains, such as shells and coral, consisting mainly of calcium carbonate, and used as a building stone and in the manufacture of lime.
Limestone
A variety of limestone deposited by spring waters, esp hot springs, sold as marble in the building trade.
Travertine
A limestone rich in magnesium carbonate.
Dolomite
A limestone composed of small, round, calcerous grains resembling fish roe.
Oolite, Egg stone
A sedimentary rock consisting of sand, usually quartz, cemented together by various substances, such as silica, clay or calcium carbonate.
Sandstone
A dense, fine-grained, argillaceous sandstone that splits easily along bedding planes to form thin slabs.
Bluestone
A reddish-brown sandstone quarried and used extensively as a building material.
Brownstone
A massive, soft rock containing a high proportion of talc, used as dimension stone for hearths, table tops, and carved ornaments.
Soapstone, Steatite
A metamorphic rock of crystallized limestone, consisting mainly of calcite or dolomite, capable of taking a high polish, and used esp in architecture and sculpture. The presence and distribution of numerous minerals accout for the distinctive variegated appearance that many marbles have. The commercial term includes many dense limestones and some coarse-grained dolomites.
Marble
A dark-green, mottled serpentine that takes a high polish and is sold as a marble.
Verd antique, Verde antique
A dense, fine-grained metamorphic rock formed by the compression of various sediments, such as clay or shale, having good cleavage along parallel planes.
Slate
A compact, granular metamorphic rock consisting essentially of quartz, derived from sandstone.
Quartzite
A banded or foliated metamorphic rock corresponding in composition to granite, in which the minerals are arranged in alyers.
Gneiss
A very hard, coarse-grained igneous rock composed mainly of quartz, feldspar, and mica or other colored minerals.
Granite
A volcanic glass similar in composition to granite, usually black with a bright luster, and transparent in thin pieces.
Obsidian
A green to nearly black mineral, copper carbonate, used as a highly polished veneer and for making ornamental articles.
Malachite
A mineral or rock consisting of hydrous magnesium silicate, usually green in color and having a mottled appearance.
Serpentine
Loose, unfinished stone found on the surface or in the soil, esp when used for building, as in dry masonry.
Fieldstone
Quarried and squared stone ft (310mm) or more in length and width and of specified thickness.
Dimension Stone
Stone worked to desired shape and smoothed on the face.
Dressed Stone
Noting a stone having all arrises cut in the same plane and the faces roughly dressed with a pick.
Pitch-faced
A line or border chiseled at the edge of a stone to guide the stonecutter in leveling the surfaces.
Draft
A smooth, uniform margin worked around a stone face.
Drafted Margin
A margin of a stone set below the rest of the face.
Sunk Draft
The granular texture or appearance of a stone.
Grain
The surface that separates one stratum or layer of stratified rock from another.
Bedding Plane
A relatively smooth surface along which certain rocks will tend to split.
Cleavage Plane
Noting a rough stone finish produced by splitting to expose the bedding planes.
Split-faced
Any fine-grained stone, such as limestone or sandstone, that can be quarried or worked easily, esp one that cuts well in all directions.
Freestone
Hand-cut ornamental featires in brick or stone masonry.
Carved work
A hardened mix of concrete with a fine stone aggregate, having a surface ground, polished, or molded to simulate natural stone.
Cast Stone
Building stone cut or machined to a relatively fine finish.
cut stone
Noting a coarse, pebbled stone finish produced by using a slurry of a loose abrasive and water in the sawing process.
Chat-sawn
noting a pebbled or rippled stone finish produced by using a slurry of water and hardened steel pellets in the sawing process.
Shot-sawn
A textured stone finish produced by superheating the surface so as to cause small chips to split off.
Flame finish, thermal finish
A smooth stone finish having little or no gloss, obtained by rubbing with an abrasive.
Honed finish
A stone face of crystalline texture, as of marble or granite, ground and buffed to form a glasslike surface.
Polished work, glassed surface
Of or pertaining to a stone or stonework the visible face of which is dressed with a hammer.
Quarry-faced, rock-faced
A stone finish obtained by chiseling roughly parallel grooves across the face.
Boasted Surface
A scored stone surface made with a mason’s chisel after the surface has been rubbed smooth.
Batted Surface, Tooled surface
