Plumbing Design and Estimate by Fajardo - Water Supply Flashcards
Pure or uncontaminated water is not found in nature. Water in the form of rain, absorbs dust and gases of carbon dioxide and oxygen. Similarly, water in the ground is exposed to pollution by organic matter, including animal and human wastes.
What are the common Impurties in Water (4)
Entrained Gases
Dissolved Minerals
Suspended and Colloidal Materials
Radioactive Materials
____ are carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, methane, oxygen and nitrougenous and organic compounds.
Entrained Gas
______ are calcium, magnesium sodium, iron and manganese and other carbonates and silicates, alkyl benzene sulfate from detergents and synthetic organic from insecticides and pesticides.
Dissolved Minerals
_____ such as bacteria, algae, fungi, silt, protozoa and other colloidal matters making the water colored and acidic.
Suspended and Colloidal Materials
______ by entrainment of radioactive substances from mining or processing ores, by wastes from industrial use of radio active materials.
Radio Active Materials
Among the minerals present in water through artificial means is ____. ____ pipe should not be used for distribution of soft acid water, or for water having a high concentration of dissolved oxygen or chlorides. THe solution of lead and water with such characteristics may cause Lead Poisoning.
Lead; Lead Pipe
Wells that are supplying water for public use should be located at a minimum distance of _______ meters radius from residential areas.
All residents within this zone limit shall be strictly required to have sanitary sewage facilities.
100 meters
There should be no concrete sanitary sewers existing with the ______ meters radius of the well.
15 meters
No outdoor privy, cesspools, septic tank or drain field, shall be located within _____ meters radius from the well.
The area shall be _____ to divert surface water from the well, and to minimize the possibility of flooding.
All abandoned wells near the site chosen for a new well, should be ____ and _____ to prevent possible contamination of the ground water formation.
plugged and properly sealed
____ is nothing more than a very shallow well with water, taken from a water stratum composed of cervical limestone, sand or gravel lying a few meters below the earth
Spring Water
The fissure wherein the spring water will flow, should be enclosed completely with a ______ or other impervious materials.
Reservoir of concrete, tile or steel
Different Types of Individual Well Spring (4)
Dug Wells
Bored Wells
Driven Wells
Drilled WElls
Frequent ______ tests of the water delivered shall be conducted, and the results must strictly comply with the health standard requirements at all times.
Bacteriological Tests
A complete chemical analysis for each type of water sold, shall be made at least _____.
twice a year
Labelling the Container as to the type of water either: (3)
Distilled
Demineralized
Spring
The safety and quality of the water should not be impaired by defects in the system. It should be provided with sufficient ____ and _____ to allow repair work without undue interruption of service to some areas, and to allow the flushing of the system.
Valves and Blow off
There should be no unprotected reservoir, or ____ with inferior water system to enter the distribution system.
Cross Connection
The water system should be tight against leakage. The main and branches connection should no be _____ in surface water, or subjected to any sourch of contamination.
Submerged
The water system design, shall afford effective circulation of water with minimum number of ______.
Dead Ends
When new main are installed, or old mains repaired, they should be filled with strong chlorine solution of _______ for at least 24 hours, and then flushed with water supplied normally from the main.
40 to 60 mg per liter for at least 24 hours
As much as possible, water main should be laid above the elevation of concrete sanitary sewers, or crossover points, and at least _______ from such sanitary sewer when they are parallel. Should this be impossible for some reasons, the sewer main must be ______.
at least 3 meters horizontally; encased in concrete.
Public Water Distribution is classified into:
- DIrect Pressure Distribution
- Indirect Pressure Distribution
This type of water distribution. obtain its supply of water through a large intake pipe, installed in the lake basin extended down the water. Water is drawn from the lake, to a receiving well by force of gravity, passing through the filtration plant. The water inside the reservoir is pumped by a _______ pump into the water main with sufficient pressure to serve specific needs.
Direct Pressure Distribution
_____ is when the water drawn from a drilled distribution is done by indirect pressure. For this type, a ___ pump is empoyed mounted on top of the standpipe extended down the well below the water table.
Indirect Pressure Distribution
____ refers to the pipe connection from the public water main or any source of water supply to the building served.
House Service
Refers to the vertical supply pipe which extend upward from one floor to the next
Riser
_____ are horizontal pipes that serve the faucets or fixtures.
Branches
Illustrate the Water Supply Service Connection
____ refers to the public water connection which are laid underground along the streets where the house service is connected.
Water Main
The water service pipe is connected or tapped to the water main by personnel of the waterworks authority only. The connection is made with a special tapping device accomplished without necessarily shutting of the city or municipal water supply. Tapping of water supply service requires the use of ______. (4)
Corporation Cock, Curb cock, meter stop, water meter
Cold water distribution in Building is classified into three types:
Normal water pressure from the public main
By Overhead Feed System
By air pressure distribution system
Illustrate Overhead Feed Water System
The ________ system supplies water to the plumbing fixtures by means of gravity. The water is pumped to a large tank on top of the building and distributed the water to the different fixtures. This type of water distribution is one of the oldest types.
Overhead Feed System
The ________ system is a new concept in water distribution where compressed air is used as the delivery agent. This type of water distribution is fast superseding hte other types.
Air Pressured Water Distribution System
There are four mechanical devices used in air pressurizrd water supply system.
Large storage tank with all tapping required
Single or Duplex Centrifugal Pump
Air Compressor
Automatic Pressure Control Switch
For small unit water supply installations, a ____ pump is generally used.
Piston
