Building Tech Book 1

Question 1

The art, science, and business of building,

the process of building from site preparation through erection, asembly and finishing

the manner in which materials are ordered, assembled and united into a whole as frame construction

all on-site work done from site preparation, excavation, foundation, assembly of all the components and installation of utilities and equipment of building or structure.

Answer 1

Construction

Question 2

Installation in place of components of a building or structure

Answer 2

Erection

Question 3

Any cosntruction which increases the height or area of an existing building or structure

Answer 3

addition

Question 4

construction in a building/structure involving changes in the materials used, partitioning, location and size of openings, structural parts, existing utilities and equipment but does not increase the overall area thereof.

Answer 4

Alteration

Question 5

Any physical change made on a building or structure to increase its value, utility and or to improve its aesthetic quality.

Answer 5

Renovation

Question 6

A change in the use or occupancy of a building or structure or any portions thereof which has different requirements.

Answer 6

Conversion

Question 7

Remedial work done on any damaged or deteriorated portion/s of a building to restore its original condition.

Answer 7

Repair

Question 8

The transfer of any building or structure or portions thereof from tis original location or position to another, either within the same lot or to a different one.

Answer 8

Moving

Question 9

The systematic dismantling or destruction of a building or structure, in whole or in part.

Answer 9

Demolition

Question 10

Types of Construction

buildings shall be of wood construction.

Answer 10

Type I

Question 11

Types of Construction

building shall be of wood construction with protective fire resistant materials and one hour fire resistive throughout, except that permanent non bearing partitions may use fire retardant treated wood within the framing assembly.

Answer 11

Type II

Question 12

Types of Construction

shall be of masonry and wood construction. Exterior walls shall be of incombustible fire resistive construction

Answer 12

Type III

Question 13

Types of Construction

buildings shall be of steel, iron, concrete or masonry construction. Walls,ceilings and permanent partitions shall be of incombustible fire resistive construction, except that permanent non bearing partitions of one hour fire resistive construction may use fire retardant treated wood within the framing assembly.

Answer 13

Type IV

Question 14

Types of Construction

buildigns shall be fire resistive. The structural elements shall be of steel, iron, concrete or masonry construction Wall, ceilings and permanent partitions shall be of incombustbile fire resistive construction.

4 hour fire-resistive

Answer 14

Type V

Question 15

Fire retardant chemical are coated not impregnated in the wood.

Answer 15

Fire Retardant Coated Wood

Question 16

a wood that is impregnated with Fire retardant chemicals.

Answer 16

Fire-Retardant Treated Wood (FRTW)

Question 17

material used is “Foshcheck”, which is 85% water, 10% fertilizer, 5% iron oxide and Bentonite

Answer 17

Fire-retardant Chemical

Question 18

The legal documents comprising a construction contract, including the owner-contractor agreement, conditions of the contract, and the construction drawings and specifications for the project, including all addenda, modification and any other items stipulated as being specifically included.

Answer 18

Contract Documents

Question 19

The construction drawings and specifications setting forth in detail the requirements for the construction of a project.

Answer 19

Construction Documents

Question 20

The part of the contract documents consisting of a detailed description of the technical nature of the materials, standards and quality of execution of the work to be placed under contract.

Answer 20

Specifications

Question 21

A format developed by the consturction Specifications INstitute for the coordinating specifications, filing of tehcnical data and product literature, and construction cost, accounting, organized into 16 divisions based on an interrelationship of material, trade or function.

Answer 21

Uniform System / Masterformat

Question 22

1995 Masterformat

Number of Divisions:

Answer 22

16

Question 23

16 Divisions - Uniform COnstruction Index

Division 1

Answer 23

General Requirements

Question 24

16 Divisions - Uniform COnstruction Index

Division 2

Answer 24

Site Work

Question 25

16 Divisions - Uniform COnstruction Index Division 3

Answer 25

Concrete

Question 26

16 Divisions - Uniform COnstruction Index Division 4

Answer 26

Masonry

Question 27

16 Divisions - Uniform COnstruction Index Division 5

Answer 27

Metals

Question 28

16 Divisions - Uniform COnstruction Index Division 6

Answer 28

Wood and Plastics

Question 29

16 Divisions - Uniform COnstruction Index Division 7

Answer 29

Thermal and MOisture Protection

Question 30

16 Divisions - Uniform COnstruction Index Division 8

Answer 30

Doors and Windows

Question 31

16 Divisions - Uniform COnstruction Index Division 9

Answer 31

Finishes

Question 32

16 Divisions - Uniform COnstruction Index Division 10

Answer 32

Specialties

Question 33

16 Divisions - Uniform COnstruction Index Division 11

Answer 33

Equipment

Question 34

16 Divisions - Uniform COnstruction Index Division 12

Answer 34

Furnishings

Question 35

16 Divisions - Uniform COnstruction Index Division 13

Answer 35

Special COnsturction

Question 36

16 Divisions - Uniform COnstruction Index Division 14

Answer 36

Conveying Systems

Question 37

16 Divisions - Uniform COnstruction Index Division 15

Answer 37

Mechanical

Question 38

16 Divisions - Uniform COnstruction Index Division 16

Answer 38

Electrical

Question 39

Three Basic parts of the Section Format

Answer 39

1 - General 2 - Products 3 - Execution

Question 40

Three BasicParts of the Section Format: Covers those general areas of concern which precede and follow the work, and which define the scope of the work.

Answer 40

General

Question 41

Three BasicParts of the Section Format: Defines in detail the materials, equipment, system, fixtures, etc, which will be incorporated into the work

Answer 41

Products

Question 42

Types of Specifications: A specification that stipulates how a particular component or system must perform without giving the means to be employed to achieve the results

Answer 42

Performance specification side note: more easy and not hassle

Question 43

Types of Specifications: A specification that stipulates the exact quantities and qualities of materials to be furnished and how they are to be assembled in a construction.

Answer 43

Descriptive Specification

Question 44

Types of Specifications: A specification that refers to a standard specification to indicated the propoerties desired in a material or component and the methods of testing required to substantiate the performace of products.

Answer 44

Reference Specification

Question 45

Types of Specifications: The desired producti is specified by the name given by the manufacturer or by the manufactureers name and model number.

Answer 45

Brand nmae specification

Question 46

\_\_\_ specifications are usually brand name specifications.

Answer 46

Closed Specification

Question 47

There are two types of closed specifications, the ______ specification and the \_\_\_\_\_\_specification.

Answer 47

single product specification multi product specification

Question 48

Manufacturers whose product meet performance or description specified may be included in the bidding. All performance and descriptive specifications are open. Brand specifications are open if the phrase "or equal" is used.

Answer 48

Open Specification

Question 49

Open Specification Manufacturers whose product meet performance or description specified may be included in the bidding. All performance and descriptive specifications are open. Brand specifications are open if the phrase ___ is used.

Answer 49

Or Equal

Question 50

It may be a combination of performance, descriptive and reference specification whichever is beneficial to parties concerned.

Answer 50

Combination Specification

Question 51

aka: Guarantor the person in charge in legal respponsibility of the other person's debt or behavior.

Answer 51

Surety

Question 52

manage only the construction portion of the product. in charge in materials and personnel management.

Answer 52

Construction Manager

Question 53

Supervises the work of the Cm Greater responsibility

Answer 53

Project Manager

Question 54

consist of contract documents and bidding requirements.

Answer 54

Construction Documents

Question 55

The purpose of the construction documents is to \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 55

communicate the written and graphic design for administration of the construction contract.

Question 56

Construction documents consists of: (8)

Answer 56

Bidding Documents Contract forms / Agreement Conditions of the contract Special provisions Specifications Drawings Addenda Contract modifications

Question 57

additional documents because they may omitted some documents upon production.

Answer 57

Addenda

Question 58

3 basic construction documents:

Answer 58

drawings(working drawings conditions of the contract specification

Question 59

is a term used to describe the documents furnished to bidders. They include not only contract documents, but also bidding requirements.

Answer 59

Bidding documents

Question 60

Bidding documents are supplied by the ___ during bidding phase of a project prior to construction.

Answer 60

Owner

Question 61

Those printed documents that comprise a contract which include owner-architect agreement or contract form, drawings and or plans, specifications, general conditions, special provisions, all addenda, modifications and changes thereto tohether with any other items stipulated as being specifically included.

Answer 61

Contract Documents ## Footnote *may pertain to all docs but excluding bidding docs*

Question 62

Contract documents consist of the following ___ and ____ elements

Answer 62

written graphic

Question 63

The contract between the owner and the contractor undertaking the project decribed in the contract documents including all supplemental agreements thereto and all general and special provisions pertaining to the work or materials therefore: a written agreement between the owner and contractor setting forth the work to performed, the time for completion and the contract sum/

Answer 63

Agreement

Question 64

Standard Contract Documents (Agreement) (6)

Answer 64

Owner-architect agreement owner-general contractor agreement owner-specialty trade contractor agreement general contractor - specialty trade contractor agreement owner - project management agreement owner - construction management agreement

Question 65

The approved form of security furnished by the contractor and his surety as a guarantee of good faith on the part of the contractor to execute the work in accordance with the terms of the contract.

Answer 65

Performace Bond

Question 66

The approved form of securiry furnished by the contractor and his surety as a guarantee of good faith on the part of the contractor to pay all obligations arising from the contract.

Answer 66

Payment Bond

Question 67

Include certificates of insurance and certificates of compliance with applicable laws and regulations.

Answer 67

Certificate

Question 68

Types of Certificates:

Answer 68

Certificates of insurance Certificates of compliance

Question 69

These consist of the general conditions, supplementary conditions and other conditions.

Answer 69

Conditions of the Contract

Question 70

\_\_\_\_\_ are those portions of the contract documents which define, set forth, or relate to contract terminology, the rights and responsibilities of the contracting parties and others involved in the work, requirements for safety and compliance with laws and regulations, general procedure for the orderly execution and management of the work, payments to the contractor, and similar provision of a general, non technical nature.

Answer 70

conditions of the contract

Question 71

Thus, ______ define the basic rights, responsibilities, and relationships of the parties involved in the construction process.

Answer 71

Conditions of the contract

Question 72

2 types of contract conditions:

Answer 72

General Conditions and Supplementary Conditions

Question 73

Printed documents stipulating the procedural and the administrative aspects of the contract, it also sets forth the many of the rights, responsibilities, and relationships of the parties involved. Thus they are general clauses that establish how the project is to be administered. They contain provisions which are common practice nationwide. Standard documents published by professional societies are often used.

Answer 73

General Conditions

Question 74

The ____ conditions represent that part of the contract documents which supplements and may also modify provisions of the general conditions. These supplements or modifications maybe needed to provide requirements unique to a specific project, for example, wage rates.

Answer 74

Supplementary Conditions

Question 75

\_\_\_\_ are instructions which may be issued to the bidding to supplement and/or modify drawings, specifications, and or general conditions of the contract.

Answer 75

Special Provisions

Question 76

A written document describing in detail the scope of work to be done, materials and equipment to be used, method of installation or application and the quality of workmanship for a certain work to be placed under contract.

Answer 76

Specifications

Question 77

As a legal consideration, specifications shall govern over \_\_\_.

Answer 77

Drawings

Question 78

A ____ sis usually utilized in conjunction with working (contract) drawings in building construction.

Answer 78

Specification

Question 79

Clearly written specifications are essential because they \_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 79

remove speculation about requirements and thus enable contractors to bid the project more inteligently

Question 80

These are additional information which may be issued as an addition or amendment to the provisions of the specifications.

Answer 80

Supplementary Specifications

Question 81

A ____ is a standardized document intended to provide guidance to the specifier in preparing a particular portion of the contract documents.

Answer 81

Guide Specifications

Question 82

These are graphical presentations of the work involved in the project. These include all supplementary details and shop drawings. included are: MEchanical and electrical systems and diagrams structural elements, equipments, finishes and other similar itesms.

Answer 82

Drawings

Question 83

Drawings should include among others the \_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 83

Location of materials, equipment and fixtures.

Question 84

Drawings intended for use by a contractor, sub contractor or fabricator, which form part of the contract documents for a building project, it contains the necessary graphical information to manufacture, erect, fabricate or construct a building or portion thereof.

Answer 84

Working Drawings

Question 85

Drawing documents prepared by an architect for a construction project, eg. plans, elevations, sections and other details.

Answer 85

Architectural Drawing Documents

Question 86

\_\_\_\_\_\_ documents are technical in nature, used to fully and clearly define requirements for engineering items or work; and is usually created in accordance with standardized conventions and details.

Answer 86

Engineering Drawing Documents

Question 87

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ documents include structural, electrical, mechanical, sanitary , plans and details and other engineering related drawings.

Answer 87

Engineering Drawing Documents

Question 88

\_\_\_\_ are written or graphic instruments that supplement the bidding documents for the purpose of clarifying, correcting or adding to the specifications previously issued.

Answer 88

Addenda

Question 89

\_\_\_ are written or graphic instrument which modifies or interprets the bidding documents, including drawings and specifications, by additions, deletions, clarifications, or corrections. They become part of the contract documents when the construction contract is executed. Typically they are issued proir to the opening of bids.

Answer 89

Addenda

Question 90

\_\_\_ are changes made before contract execution.

Answer 90

Addenda

Question 91

Instructions, change orders, directives and so on, written after execution of the contract; those additions to, deletions from, or modifications of the work that are made after the agreement has been signed.

Answer 91

Contract Modifications

Question 92

The _____ documents contain the legally enforceable requirements which become part of the contract when the agreement is signed. Contract modifications can be issued at any time during the contract period.

Answer 92

Contract documents

Question 93

A written order to the contractor, signed by the owner and the archtiect or engineer, issued after the execution of the contract, authorizing a change in the work, or an adjustment in the contract sum, or the contract time as orignally defined by the contract documents.

Answer 93

Change orders

Question 94

A change order may add to, subtract from or vary the scope of work. It may be signed by the ____ along (provided that the owner has given ______ for such procedure and that a copy of such written suthority is furnished the contractor upon request) or by the contractor, if the contractor agrees to the adjustment in the contract sum or the contract time.

Answer 94

architect or engineer written authorization

Question 95

A written order affecting a minor change in the work (eg. labor to reproduce the construction required by the contract documents, or materials or equipement incorporated or to be incorporated in such construction), not involving an adjustment in the contract sum or an extension of the contract time, issued by the archtiect or engineer to the contractor during the construction phase.

Answer 95

Field orders or construction change authorizations

Question 96

\_\_\_\_\_ instructions are minor instructions or interpretations not inivolving change orders.

Answer 96

Supplemental instructions

Question 97

\_\_\_\_\_ instructions allow the architect or engineer to direct changes not involving changes in contract sum or contract time.

Answer 97

Supplemental instructions

Question 98

A complete set of bid and contract documents that include the bidding requirements, contract forms, contract conditions and project specifications.

Answer 98

Project Manual ## Footnote *its different in item manual (eg. Kettle)*

Question 99

Document or material provided to the architect or engineer for review or acceptance.

Answer 99

Submittal

Question 100

Since there are many risk and liabilities that concern the architect, engineers, contractors and other allied profession in the construction of a project there should be a basic _____ requirement and coverage that may be necessary to safeguard the interest of all parties to the contract, including the designers.

Answer 100

Insurance

Question 101

The Role of Specification A specification is an explicit set of requirements to be satisfied by a \_\_\_\_.

Answer 101

material, product or service

Question 102

The Role of Specification \_\_\_\_, as one of the contract documents, deserve as much care and attention as working drawings.

Answer 102

Specification

Question 103

A written or printed description of the work to be done, forming part of the contract and describing qualities of material and mode of construction, and also giving dimension and other information not shown in the drawings.

Answer 103

Specification

Question 104

Legal Consideration Courts generally held on the event of conflict between drawings and specifications, the ____ as a written document, shall govern.

Answer 104

specifications

Question 105

\_\_\_\_ requirements governing owner's liability, contractor's liability, and fire insurance are usually incorporated in the general conditions or in supplementary conditions and again, made a part of the ____ by incorporation therein.

Answer 105

Insurance, specifications

Question 106

The bidding requirements include the ____ (4).

Answer 106

Invitation to Bid The instructions to Bidders The Bid Form Bid Bond

Question 107

A guarantee that the bidder will take on the job if he is selected.

Answer 107

Bid Bond

Question 108

The specifications provide a basis for the contract's estimate and the submission of a bid. ____ are established by the architect and owner for the deletion of work, the addition of work and for the substitution of materias.

Answer 108

Alternates

Question 109

Alternates are ____ are listed in the Bid Form

Answer 109

written

Question 110

Sub-contractor's Limits Drawings genrally show all of the work to be done and the ____ of various parts.

Answer 110

Interrelationship

Question 111

Contractors Limit General requirements, will establish the ___ of each prime contract.

Answer 111

Limits

Question 112

Inspection and Testing Procedure (Quality Control) The specifications established _____ procedures to be followed during the construction operations.

Answer 112

inspection and testing

Question 113

A specification include the following but not limited to:

Answer 113

Descriptive title and scope Date of Last effective revision Person, office, or agency responsible for questions on the specifications Terminology Test Methods Material REquirements Performance Testing Requirements Drawings Workmanship Certifications Safety considerations Environmental Considerations Quality Requiremnts, Sampling, and inspections Completion and Delivery Provisions for Reejection, rehearing, corrective measures

Question 114

Project Manual

Answer 114

* Title Page * Table of Contents * Addenda (if bound in project manual * Bidding Requirements * Invitation to Bid * Instruction Bidders * Sample Forms * Agreement * Bid Form * Bid Bond * Performance and PAyments Bonds * Other sample forms * Conditions of Contract * General Conditions * Supplementary Conditons * Schedule of Drawings * TEchnical Specifications * Divisions 1 through 48

Question 115

A test to determine platic's resistance (eg. resistance to rubbing, scraping and erosion)

Answer 115

Taber Abrasion

Question 116

a defect in pooint that shows cracking that resembles ligators scale.

Answer 116

Alligatoring

Question 117

A fine cracks and random that may resemble web. Common defects from acrylic paint

Answer 117

Crazing

Question 118

Drawings should generally show the following information.

Answer 118

1. Extent, size, shape and location of component part 2. Location of materials, equipment and fixtures 3. Detail and overall dimensions 4. Interrelation of materials, equipment and space 5. Schedules of finishes, windows and doors 6. Sizes of equipment 7. Identification of class of material at its location 8. Physical extent of alternates

Question 119

Specification should generally descrobe the following items.

Answer 119

1. Type and quality of **materials, equipment and fixtures** 2. Quality of **Workmanship** 3. **Methods of Fabrications, installation and erection** 4. **Test and code requirements** 5. **Gauges of manufacturer's equipment** 6. **Allowances and unit prices (eg. Bill of Materials)** 7. **Alternate and options**

Question 120

The technical section contains two categories of paragraph, namely, the technical and non-technical: Technical:

Answer 120

Materials Fabrication Workmanship Installation Tests Schedules Preparations

Question 121

The technical section contains two categories of paragraph, namely, the technical and non-technical: Non-Technical

Answer 121

Scope of Work Delivery of materials Samples and shop drawings Permits Guarantees Cleaning Job Conditions

Question 122

Types of Specification A specification that stipulates how a particular component or system must perform without giving the means to be employed to achieve the results.

Answer 122

Performance Specification

Question 123

Example of Performance Specification:

Answer 123

MEchanical exhaust fan shall move not less than nine hundred cubic meters of air per minute and shall move not less than eight hundred cubic meters of air per minute against 500mm static air pressure.

Question 124

a paint finish that may be in satin, low gloss, or matte finish

Answer 124

Eggshell Finish

Question 125

eg. of Performance Specification in case of Paint

Answer 125

1. Painted Surface shall withstand 10 washings with mild detergents. 2. The painted surface shall show no sign of alligatoring or crazing 3. The painted surface shall be resistant to abrasion when using the Taber abrasive method 4. The painted surface shall have an eggshell finish.

Question 126

Type of Specification A specification that stipulates the exactquantities and qualities or properties of materials to be furnished and how they are to be assembled or installed in a construction.

Answer 126

Descriptive Specification

Question 127

eg. of Descriptive Specification

Answer 127

MEchanical exhaust fan shall be wall-mounted, centrifugal type fan of weather-proof construction made for outdoor use. It shall be of al-aluminum construction including aluminum centrifugal propellers.

Question 128

Type of Specification A specification that refers to a standard specification to indicate the properties desired in a material or component and the methods of testing required to substantiate the performance of products A standardized mandatory language document prescribing amterials, dimensions and workmanship, incorporated by reference in the contract documents, with information in the mandatory requirements checklist. refers to a standard established for either a material, a test method, or an installation procedure these standard, similarly are predicated on either descriptive or performance criteria.

Answer 128

Reference Specification

Question 129

eg. of Reference Specification

Answer 129

Masonry surface paint finish - Flat Finish (Latex type Boysen Permacoat Latex #701)

Question 130

Type of Specification A specification that stipulates the use of specific products, systems or processes without provision for substitution.

Answer 130

Proprietary spcification

Question 131

Type of Specification One in which the specifier states outright the actual make, model, catalog number, and so on, of a product or the installation instruction of a manufactureer. Where certain options are available, the specifier should include those pertinent to the project; a closed type specification

Answer 131

Proprietary Specification

Question 132

Type of Specification A type of specification where the desired product is specified by the name given by the manufacturer or by the manufacturer's name and model number.

Answer 132

Brand name specification

Question 133

In ___ specification, there are two types of this type of specification namely: The single product and the multi product specification

Answer 133

Closed Spcification

Question 134

\_\_\_ specifications are generally brand name specifications This is used basically where material is required to match existing material in terms of quality, type and performance

Answer 134

Closed Specification ## Footnote *use this in case there's renovation project and you need to specify existing materials.*

Question 135

This is the opposite of closed specification, it is called such because all manufacturers whose product meet performance or description specified, may qualify to bid. All performance and descriptive specification are of these type.

Answer 135

Open specification

Question 136

Brand name specifications are open if the phrahse _____ is used.

Answer 136

Or equal

Question 137

\_\_\_ specification may be a combination of performance, descriptive and reference specifications but never a combination of open and closed specification.

Answer 137

Combination specification

Question 138

In combination specification, you can never combine what?

Answer 138

Open and Close Specification

Question 139

In this specification type, a product may be required with specific physical characteristics and also may be required to conform to a particular standard.

Answer 139

Combination specification

Question 140

\_\_\_\_\_ is employed when the specified describes in detail the materials, workmanship, installation and erection procedures to be used by the contract in the conduct of their work operationsin order to achieve the result expected. This can be described as Descriptive Specification.

Answer 140

Method system eg. *Descriptive specification for a masonry wall would described the materials to be used:* * The Brick and mortar ingredients, composition of the mortar, test of individua components, weather condition during erection, workmanship involved in laying up the brick, type of brick bond, jointing and finally the cleaning procedure*

Question 141

Most design firms, goverment agencies and large corporations use __ specification as basis for their project specifications. These include items of work normally encountered by that organization.

Answer 141

Master specifacation

Question 142

A uniform classification system for construction specifications that is divided into several sections, each of which is sequentially numbered and named. It is the most widely used standard for organizing specifcations and other written information for commercial and institutional building projects in thet US)

Answer 142

Masterformat

Question 143

Master format is a product of the ____ and \_\_\_\_. aka. \_\_\_\_

Answer 143

Construction Specifications Institute (CSI) Consturction Specifcations Canada Uniform system

Question 144

\_\_\_\_\_ is a master specification for the construction industry developed by Production Systems for Architects and Engineers (PSAE), not the Professional System Division of the American Institute of Architects. It is one of the most complete and widely used guide specifications available.

Answer 144

Masterspec

Question 145

PSAE

Answer 145

Production Systems for Architects and Engineers

Question 146

AIA

Answer 146

American Institute of Architects

Question 147

Masterspec sections are titled, formatted and numbered essentially in accordance with ____ and CSI's Manual of Practice.

Answer 147

Masterformat

Question 148

\_\_\_\_\_ is copyrighted by the COnstuction Sciences Research Fondation and published by Construction specification Institute. It is published in CSI's 16 division format. Section titles and five digit numbering system are in accordance with the titles and numbering system in Masterformat.

Answer 148

Spectext

Question 149

Spectext is revised every ____ years, portions of text are revised quarterly.

Answer 149

5 years

Question 150

\_\_\_\_ ( the successor of SweetSpec), is an interactive expert system for writing specifications. ## Footnote *First, a computer dialogue takes place between a project architect or engineer and the computers CD ROM containing the software and data fukes; the dialogue mimics that which would occur between an archtiect or engineer and an expert specification writer. For each section of the required specification document, the computer asks a series of questions in logical decision making order. The software is updated periodically.*

Answer 150

SPECSystem

Question 151

CD-ROM

Answer 151

compact disk, read only memory

Question 152

Masterformat 1995 edition how many divisions?

Answer 152

16 Division 1. General Requirements 2. Sitework 3. Concrete 4. Masonry 5. Metals 6. Wood and Plastics 7. Therman and Moisture Protection 8. Doors and Windows 9. Finishes 10. Specialties 11. Equipment 12. Furnishings 13. Special COnstruction 14. Conveying systems 15. Mechanical 16. Electrical

Question 153

16 Divisions Masterformat Includes most requirements that apply to the job as a whole or to several of the technical sections, and especially the requirements sometimes referred to as special conditions. General conditions and supplementary conditions are not included in the division specifications.

Answer 153

Division 1 - General Requirements

Question 154

16 Divisions Masterformat Includes most subjects dealing with site preparation and development. Site utilities in Division 15 and 16 must be coordinated with these sub divisions.

Answer 154

2 - Sitework

Question 155

16 Divisions Masterformat Includes most items traditionally associated with concrete work, exceptions are paving, piles ,waterproofing and terrazzo

Answer 155

3 Concrete

Question 156

16 Divisions Masterformat Includes most materials traditionally installed by mason, exceptions are paving and interior flooring

Answer 156

4 Masonry

Question 157

16 Divisions Masterformat Includes moststructural metals and metals not falling under the specificc provision of other divisions, exceptions are reinforcing steel, curtain walls, roffing piles, doors ad dwindwos.

Answer 157

5 metals

Question 158

16 Divisions Masterformat Includes most work traditionally performed by carpenters, exceptions are wood fences, concrete formwork, doors, windows and finish hardware.

Answer 158

Wood and Plastics

Question 159

16 Divisions Masterformat Includes most items normally associated with insulation and preventing the passage of water vapor; exceptions are paint, waterstops nd joints installed in concrete or masonry and gasjets and sealants.

Answer 159

Therman and Moisture protection.

Question 160

16 Divisions Masterformat Includes hardware, doors, windows and frames, metal and glass curtain walls, transparent and translucent galzing, exceptions are glass block and glass mosaics.

Answer 160

8 Doors and windows

Question 161

16 Divisions Masterformat Includesi nterior finishes, not traditionally the work of the carpentry trade.

Answer 161

9 Finishes

Question 162

16 Divisions Masterformat Includes factory -assembles, pre finished items.

Answer 162

10 - Specialties

Question 163

16 Divisions Masterformat Includes most items of specialize equipment

Answer 163

11 Equipment

Question 164

16 Divisions Masterformat Division 12

Answer 164

Furnishings

Question 165

16 Divisions Masterformat 1995 Division 13

Answer 165

Special Construction

Question 166

16 Divisions Masterformat 1995 Division 14

Answer 166

Conveying Systems

Question 167

16 Divisions Masterformat 1995 Division 15

Answer 167

MEchanical

Question 168

16 Divisions Masterformat 1995 Division 16

Answer 168

ELectircal

Question 169

CSI Masterform 2004 Edition How many divisions?

Answer 169

49

Question 170

CSI Masterformat 2004 Editions: Division 00

Answer 170

Procurement and contracting requirements group

Question 171

procurement

Answer 171

pagkuha

Question 172

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Area for performance requirements added to allow from writing performance requirements for elements that overlap work sections. This allows for a mixture of broad performance specifcations and deriptve specifcations in a project manual.

Answer 172

1 - General requirements

Question 173

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition This division is now limited to existing conditions, construction practices that related to items at the site at the commencement of work-selective demolition, sub surface and other investigation, surveying, site decontamination and site remediation, among others. All site construction as well as heavy civil and infrastructure subject matter, including utility and pavement work, has been relocated to the Site and Infrastructure Sub Group

Answer 173

2 - Existing Conditions

Question 174

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Division 3

Answer 174

COncrete

Question 175

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Division 4

Answer 175

Masonry

Question 176

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Division 5

Answer 176

Metals

Question 177

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Essentially the same some as 1995 edition, with expansion in the areas of plastics and composites.

Answer 177

6 - Wood, Plastics and Composites

Question 178

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Division 7

Answer 178

Thermal and MOisture Protection

Question 179

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Renamed but essentially the same scope of 1995 editions with the addition of some other openings as louvers and grills.

Answer 179

8 - Openings

Question 180

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Division 9

Answer 180

Finishes

Question 181

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Division 10

Answer 181

Specialties

Question 182

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Eqquipment related to process engineering has been relocated tothe process equipment Sub Group and equipment related to infrastructure has been relocated to the Site and infrastructure Sub Group.

Answer 182

Division 11 Equipment

Question 183

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Division 12

Answer 183

Furnishings

Question 184

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Special construction related to process engineering has been relocated to the Process Equipment Sub Group. Security access, ibuilding automation, detection and alarm, and fire sypresion subhects have been relocated to the Facility Services Sub Group

Answer 184

Division 13 Special COnstruction

Question 185

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Renamed with process related material handling subjects relocated to the Process Equipment Subgroup

Answer 185

14 Conveying Equipment

Question 186

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Division 15

Answer 186

Reserved ## Footnote *reserve maybe for MEchanical Extension*

Question 187

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Division 16

Answer 187

Reserved ## Footnote *Division 16 has been reserved for future expansion and material has been relocated to Division 26 and 26*

Question 188

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Division 17

Answer 188

Reserved

Question 189

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Division 18

Answer 189

Reserved

Question 190

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Division 19

Answer 190

Reserved

Question 191

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition This sub group retains the same basic content as published in Draft 4, but with some new diviisions, arranged in a revised order.

Answer 191

Facility Services Sub-Group

Question 192

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Division 20

Answer 192

Reserved

Question 193

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Fire suppresion subjects relocated from Division 13 in Masterformat 1995 edition

Answer 193

21 - Fire suppression

Question 194

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Division 22

Answer 194

Plumbing

Question 195

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Division 23

Answer 195

Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditions Divsion 15 before

Question 196

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Division 24

Answer 196

Reserved

Question 197

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Division 25

Answer 197

Integrated Automation Division 13 before

Question 198

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Division 26

Answer 198

Electrical Division 16 before

Question 199

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Division 27

Answer 199

Communications Division 16 before

Question 200

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Division 28

Answer 200

Electronic Safety and Security Division 13 before

Question 201

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Division 29

Answer 201

Reserved

Question 202

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition This Sub group contains heavy civil and utility subhect matter, as well as site construction material moved from Division 2 in masterformat 1995 edition

Answer 202

Site and Infrastructure Sub Group

Question 203

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Division 30

Answer 203

Reserved

Question 204

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Division 31

Answer 204

Earthwork from division 2 before

Question 205

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Division 32

Answer 205

Exterior Improvements Division 2 before

Question 206

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Division 33

Answer 206

Utilities from Division 2 before

Question 207

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Division 42

Answer 207

Transportation

Question 208

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Division 35

Answer 208

Waterway and Marine Consturciton from Division 2 Before

Question 209

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Division 36

Answer 209

Reserved

Question 210

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Division 37

Answer 210

Reserved

Question 211

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Division 38

Answer 211

Reserved

Question 212

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Division 39

Answer 212

Reserved

Question 213

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Process faciities are composed of a variety of sub systems, tied together and integrated by distribution pathways, control and instrumentation. All of these systems must work together as a whole. This division includes elements used to tie these systems together. Piping, heat tracing, insulation and instrumentation and control systems and also provides a pace to specify commissioning requirements for sub systems and facility as a whole.

Answer 213

Division 40 Process Integration

Question 214

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Equipements for Processing and conditioning of raw materials, material handling equipment for bulk material as well as discrete units, manufacturing equipment and machinery, test equipment and packaging shipping systems.

Answer 214

Division 41 Material Processing and Handling Equipment

Question 215

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Equipment for process heating, cooling and drying of matrials, liquids, gases and manufactured items and materials.

Answer 215

Division 42 Process HEating, Cooling, Drying equipment

Question 216

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Equipment for handling purification and storage process liquids, and the like.

Answer 216

Division 43 Process Gas and Liquid Handling, Purification and Storage Equipment

Question 217

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Equipment for controlling emission of contaminants and pollutions.

Answer 217

Division 44 Pollution COntrol Equipment

Question 218

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition A division in which users can specify equipent that is used only within a single industry. All industries currently identified with North American Industry Classification System Are allocated space within the division.

Answer 218

Division 45 Industry Specific Manufacturing

Question 219

NAICS

Answer 219

North American Industry Classification System

Question 220

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Division 46

Answer 220

Reserved

Question 221

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Division 447

Answer 221

Reserved

Question 222

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Plants and qequipment for thegeneration and control of electrical power from fossil, nuclear energy and the like.

Answer 222

Division 48 Electrical Power Generation

Question 223

CSI Masterformat 2004 Edition Division 49

Answer 223

Reserved ## Footnote * Division not name above are explicitly reserved to provide space for future development and expansion.* * To minimize costs from potential future expansion, it is not advisable to fill these sections with their own material.*

Question 224

Part 1 - General Generally applicable to mechanical, electrical, elevators and process equipment and specified in those sections.

Answer 224

Systems Description

Question 225

Part 1 - General Enumerate the various types of data to be submitted for architect's review. Asemble the information under various subparagraph heading, such as samples, shop drawings, product data, certifcates, warranties, bonds and so on.

Answer 225

Submittals

Question 226

Part 1 - General Specify standards, procedures, criteria and limitations taht establish an overall level of quality.

Answer 226

Quality Assurance Standards

Question 227

Part 1 - General Quality Assurance (Establish standards and criterial for determining the qualifications of tradesmen, suppliers, subcontractors and products.)

Answer 227

Qualifications

Question 228

Part 1 - General Quality Assurance Cite specification regulations and codes that apply to contract's detailed design of trusses, connections, precast, items, etc.

Answer 228

Regulatory Requirements

Question 229

Part 1 - General Quality Assurance A full sized structural model built accurately to sacale chiefly for study testing, or display. Include sample panels, curtain wall assemblies, pre cast concrete panels, integrates ceiling systems, and so on.

Answer 229

Mock up

Question 230

Part 1 - General General provision governing the transportation, handling, storage, and protection of material and equipment are included in Division 1 (general requirements)

Answer 230

Delivery, Storage and Handling

Question 231

Part 1 - General Specification subparagraphs dealing with the physical environmental conditions under which physical environmental conditions under which the work is to be performed should be specified here These included existing coditions weather, temperature, humidity and so on.

Answer 231

Project/ SIte COnditions

Question 232

Part 1 - General Sequencing and Scheduling be careful not intrude on ____ responsibility.

Answer 232

contractor's

Question 233

Part 1 - General use this paragraph to set forth the requirements for correcting defects that extend beyond 1-year correction of work period in the general conditions.

Answer 233

Warranty

Question 234

Part 1 - General generally applicable to mechanical, electrical, elevators and process equipment and specified in those sections.

Answer 234

Systems Start up

Question 235

Part 1 - General separate maintenance requirements that are part of the general construction and built into the contract sum from maintenance contracts to be executed separately: extramaterials specify hard to obtain sizes and colors of materials for attic storage.

Answer 235

Maintenance

Question 236

Part 2 - Products Note: Depending on the number and extent of these items, segregate into paragraphs or subparagraphs. specify by performance, dscriptive, references specs or proprietary methods.

Question 237

Part 2 - Product Whether prepared on site or off site, specify the proportions of the materials listed above required to produced concrete, plaster, terrazzo, macadam and so on.

Answer 237

Mixes

Question 238

Part 2 - Product \_\_\_\_\_ is a type of road construction, pioneered by Scottish engineer John Loudon McAdam around 1820, in which single-sized crushed stone layers of small angular stones are placed in shallow lifts and compacted thoroughly.

Answer 238

Macadam

Question 239

Part 2 - Product Shop priming of ferrous metal and shop finishing of wood cabinets are specified here.

Answer 239

Finishes

Question 240

Part 2 - Product test and inspections of products fabricated off-site, including precast concrete elements, prefabricated wood trusses.

Answer 240

Source Quality Control

Question 241

Part 2 - Product test and inspections of products fabricated off-site, including precast concrete elements, pre fabricated wood truss, and so on, are specified.

Answer 241

Source Quality Control

Question 242

Part 3 - Execution use only in very special instances where experts knowledge and workmanship are paramount eg. Intricate custom woodwork, precast concrete and so forth.

Answer 242

Acceptable Installers

Question 243

Part 3 - Execution subparagraphs headings as field measurements, priming, and so on. For waterproofing or damp proofing it would include patching or grinding of surfaces to obtain a satisfactory base to receive these treatments

Answer 243

Preparation

Question 244

Part 3 - Execution would include various subparagraph detailing the requirements for installation details, construction and erection methods and quality of workmanship.

Answer 244

Erection/Installation/Application/Construction

Question 245

Part 3 - Execution Can be apply to Existing Products

Answer 245

Repair/Restoration

Question 246

Part 3 - Execution Can be apply to Existing Products

Answer 246

Reinstallation

Question 247

Part 3 - Execution TEst and inspection procedures to determine the adequacy of the work complete and installed are specified. These would include test for soil compaction. Pile loading, concrete cylinder test, erection telorance inspections and so on.

Answer 247

Field Quality Control

Question 248

Part 3 - Execution would include putting builder's hardware into operating condition balancing of mechanical ventilation systems, and so on.

Answer 248

Adjusting

Question 249

Part 3 - Execution Cleaning of specific surfaces such as masonry, terrazzo, glaass, and so on, is specified in the subparagraph.

Answer 249

Cleaning

Question 250

Part 3 - Execution Focuses primary to mechanical and electrical systems, to elevators, process equipment and so forth.

Answer 250

Demonstration

Question 251

Part 3 - Execution Surfaces that may damage by subsequent consriction operations, particularly architectural concrete, metal curtain wall members, finished wood floors, and so on.

Answer 251

Protection

Question 252

Part 3 - Execution Includes items such as hardware schedules, lighting fixtures, and so forth.

Answer 252

Schedules

Question 253

equipments required when using chemical or physical methods for mechanical, thermal or processing of raw materials.

Answer 253

Process Equipents

Question 254

CSI Three Part Section Format This part covers those general areas of concern which precede and follow work and which define the scope of work.

Answer 254

1 General

Question 255

CSI Three Part Section Format This part defines in detail the materials, equipment, system, fixtures, etc. which will be incorporated into the work.

Answer 255

2 Products

Question 256

CSI Three Part Section Format described in detail the manner in which items covered in part two are to be incorporated into the work.

Answer 256

3 Execution

Question 257

The essential or distinctive attribute or quality belonging specifically in the constitution of , or found in the behavior of a thing.

Answer 257

Material Property

Question 258

Properties of Material The change in length or volume which a material or body undergoes being heated.

Answer 258

Thermal Expansion

Question 259

The rate of transfer of heat by conduction

Answer 259

Thermal COnductivity

Question 260

Properties of Material A property possessed by amterials or objects abosorbing sound energy.

Answer 260

Sound Absorption

Question 261

Properties of Material A push (compressive) or a pull (tensile)

Answer 261

Force

Question 262

Properties of Material Force per unit area over which a force acts.

Answer 262

Unit Stree or Stress

Question 263

Properties of Material The capability of a material to resist the forces imposed on it, esp the ability to sustain a high stress without yielding or rupturing

Answer 263

Strength

Question 264

Properties of Material The resistnace of a material to deformation by compression or indentation.

Answer 264

Hardness

Question 265

Properties of Material The propoerty of a metal that permits mechanical deformation by extrusion, forging, rolling etc. without fracturing.

Answer 265

Malleability

Question 266

Properties of Material An index of materials to resistance to transmission of heat.

Answer 266

Thermal Resistivity

Question 267

Properties of Material The degree of which a surface, such as porcelain enamel will resist attach by acid.

Answer 267

Acid resistance

Question 268

Properties of Material The capacity of a material or construction to withstand fire or give protection from it.

Answer 268

Fire resistance

Question 269

Properties of Material The resistance of a surface or a material to shock such as hard blow.

Answer 269

Impact resistance

Question 270

Properties of Material The ease with which fresh concrete can be molded or deformed without segregation.

Answer 270

Plastictiy

Question 271

Properties of Material Property of resistance to flowin fluid.

Answer 271

Viscosity

Question 272

Properties of Material The property of a material that allows it to resist being torn apart or for it to be divided into pieces.

Answer 272

Tear Resistance

Question 273

Properties of Material The ability of a material to conduct electricity.

Answer 273

Electrical Conductance

Question 274

Properties of Material The property that allows liquids to gen through a material.

Answer 274

Permeability

Question 275

Properties of Material The Property of a material that enables it to wear away by rusting or by the action of chemicals.

Answer 275

Corrosion Resistance

Question 276

Wood and Wood Products The ribbons of tissue extending radially from the pith, may vary from microscopic to 4 inches or more, used to store and transport foor horizontally iwthin the tree.

Answer 276

Medullary Rays, Pith rays

Question 277

Wood and Wood Products Said of a material which has the same properties in all directions.

Answer 277

Isotropic

Question 278

Common porperties of Wood

Answer 278

Material Strength Durability Lightweight East of Fastening or asembling Natural Beauty

Question 279

Wood Mode of Growth These are outward growing trees, preferred for lumbering.

Answer 279

Exogenous

Question 280

Wood Mode of Growth These are inside growing trees, have soft core and is less preferred for lumbering

Answer 280

Endogenous

Question 281

Structure of Wood

Answer 281

Sapwood Heartwood

Question 282

Wood Grain the direction, size, arrangement and appearnace of fibers in a piece of wood.

Answer 282

Wood Grain

Question 283

Wood Grain These is characterized by grains running along one side of wood.

Answer 283

Straight Grain

Question 284

Wood Defects

Answer 284

Decay Dry Rot Check Shake Pitch Pocket Knot Warp Cut Bow Crook Twist Wane Skip Machine Burn

Question 285

The term applied to wood after it is sawed or sliced into boards, planks, sticks etc. for commercial purposes/

Answer 285

Lumber

Question 286

Lumber that is surfaced with a planing machine to attain a smooth surface and uniform size.

Answer 286

Dressed lumber

Question 287

Answer 287

Wood Planer

Question 288

Dressed Size S1S

Answer 288

Surfaced on one side

Question 289

Dressed Size S2S

Answer 289

Surfaced on two sides

Question 290

Dressed Size S4S

Answer 290

Surfaced on four sides

Question 291

Dressed Size S1E

Answer 291

Surface on one edge

Question 292

Dressed Size S2E

Answer 292

Surfaced on two edges

Question 293

Dressed Size S1S1E

Answer 293

Surfaced on one side and one edge

Question 294

The classification of lumber in regard to strength and utility in accordance with the grading rules of an approved lumber grading agency.

Answer 294

Grade

Question 295

Classification of Yard Lumber:

Answer 295

Board Dimension Lumber Decking Joists and Panks Timber

Question 296

A kind of rough lumber which is cut tangent to the annual rings of wood running the full length of the log.

Answer 296

Slab

Question 297

A wide piece of lumber from 2 inches to 5 inches thick.

Answer 297

Plank

Question 298

A thick piece of lumber.

Answer 298

Flitch

Question 299

The process of removing moisture from wood,

Answer 299

Seasoning Conditioning or Curing

Question 300

allow 1- year of drying per inch thick of wood. (eg. if 3 inches thick then dry it for 3 years)

Answer 300

Air Drying Time

Question 301

Use of kiln to dry wood

Answer 301

Kiln Drying

Question 302

use of "Tanalith-E" in pressurized wood to preserve its characteristics

Answer 302

Tanalizing

Question 303

pressure treated wood use of copper azole process

Answer 303

Wolmanizing

Question 304

Borate Salt acts as natural pesticides and wood preservatives.

Answer 304

Bolidine Salt

Question 305

Methods of Seasonning Natural Methods

Answer 305

Air Drying Sun Drying

Question 306

Methods of Seasoning Lumber Artificial MEthod

Answer 306

Kiln Drying Forced Air or Pressure Drying Vapor Drying Radio Frequency Dielectric Drying

Question 307

Methods of Treating Lumber

Answer 307

Tanalizing Permanizing Wolmanizing Bolidine Salt

Question 308

Wood treated with an approved preservative under the treating and quality control requirements in preparation of all timber products prior to preservative treatment by pressure process.

Answer 308

Treated Wood

Question 309

The longitudinal splicing of a quarter log perpendicular to the annual rings, producing a series of straight or varied stripes in the veneer.

Answer 309

Quarter Slicing

Question 310

The slicing of a log perpendicular to the conspicuous, radiating rays so as to minimize their appearance.

Answer 310

Rift Cutting

Question 311

A unit of quantity for lumber equal to thevolume of a piece whose nominal dimensions are 12 inches square and 1inches thick.

Answer 311

Boardfoot

Question 312

Boardfoot Calculation and Log

Answer 312

Question 313

Categories of Philippine Lumber: High Strength Group

Answer 313

Agoho Malabayabas Manggachapui Molave Sasalit Yakal

Question 314

Categories of Philippine Lumber: MOderaly High Strength

Answer 314

Antipolo Bokbok Guijo Kamagon Mahogany Narra

Question 315

Categories of Philippine Lumber: Medium Strength Group

Answer 315

Apitong Dangkalan Malasaging Malugay Pinee

Question 316

Categories of Philippine Lumber: Moderately Low Strength

Answer 316

Almaciga Bayok Lingo Lingo Manggasinoro Raintree YEmane

Question 317

Uses of Different Philippine Wood Species: Ebano Camagong Balongita Tindalo Narra Alintatao Camuning

Answer 317

For Furnitures

Question 318

Uses of Different Philippine Wood Species: Lanete Narra Blanca Lanutan Antipolo Tanguile Apitong

Answer 318

Ordinary Furniture and Cabinets

Question 319

Uses of Different Philippine Wood Species: Yakal Betis Dungon ipil

Answer 319

Naval Consturction eg Keels, Stern Posts

Question 320

Uses of Different Philippine Wood Species: Balo Maria

Answer 320

Timber and Masts

Question 321

Uses of Different Philippine Wood Species: Banaba

Answer 321

Outside construction, beams

Question 322

Uses of Different Philippine Wood Species: Guijo

Answer 322

Beams and Mast

Question 323

Uses of Different Philippine Wood Species: Batitinan

Answer 323

Keels and Sleepers

Question 324

Uses of Different Philippine Wood Species: Manachapuy

Answer 324

Waterways and Decks

Question 325

Uses of Different Philippine Wood Species: Amugis Mariveles

Answer 325

Superstructure

Question 326

Uses of Different Philippine Wood Species: Tanguile Lauan Balao Mayapis

Answer 326

Boat COnstruction

Question 327

Uses of Different Philippine Wood Species: House Construction: Yacal Ipil Molave Guiho Dungon

Answer 327

Posts

Question 328

Uses of Different Philippine Wood Species: House Construction: Yacal Ipil Guijo Molave

Answer 328

Girders

Question 329

Uses of Different Philippine Wood Species: House Construction: Yacal Guijo Tanguile Ipil Supa

Answer 329

Joists

Question 330

Uses of Different Philippine Wood Species: House Construction: Yacal Guijo Tanguile

Answer 330

Girt

Question 331

Uses of Different Philippine Wood Species: House Construction: Guijo Tanguile Apitong Yacal Banaba Ipil Dungon

Answer 331

Rafters

Question 332

Uses of Different Philippine Wood Species: House Construction: Guijo Tanguile Apitong Banaba

Answer 332

Purlins

Question 333

Uses of Different Philippine Wood Species: House Construction: Yacal Molave Ipil Dungon Tanguile

Answer 333

Window Sills, Heads and Mullions

Question 334

Uses of Different Philippine Wood Species: House Construction: Yacal Molave Ipil Dungon Tanguile (for interior only)

Answer 334

Door Jambs

Question 335

a type of plywood: manufactured with core veneers with few defects gppd fpr bptj jumid and wet conditions it can resist fungal attack

Answer 335

Marine Plywood

Question 336

A tpye of plywood: manufactured to produce smooth faces primary for concrete casting to produce smooth fill and face of concrete can be use also as a sheathing panel

Answer 336

Form Plywood

Question 337

Plywood layers are called or made out of:

Answer 337

Veneers

Question 338

a type of plywood: Decorative plywood, finished with good looking hardwood.

Answer 338

Fancy Plywood

Question 339

A type of plywood: decorative plywood

Answer 339

Pre finished Plywood Panelling (Danarra) ask what Danarra is

Question 340

Standard Plywood Thickness:

Answer 340

1/4" (6mm) 3/8" (9mm) 1/2" (12mm) 5/8" (15mm) 3/4" (18mm) 1" (25mm)

Question 341

Standard size of plywood

Answer 341

4' x 8'

Question 342

Types of Plywood:

Answer 342

Ordinary Plywood Marine Plywood Form Plywood Fancy Plyuwood Pre-finished Plywood Panelling (Danarra)

Question 343

Common Types of Glue used in lamination Used in dry location but not exposed directly to rain or water.

Answer 343

Casein Glue

Question 344

the main protein present in milk and (in coagulated form) in cheese. It is used in processed foods and in adhesives, paints, and other industrial products.

Answer 344

Casein

Question 345

Common Tpyes of Glue Used in Lamination Requires high temperature for curing: water resistant

Answer 345

Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin Glue

Question 346

Common Tpyes of Glue Used in Lamination Expensive but have qualities necessary for durability and water resistance.

Answer 346

Resorcino-Phenol FOrmaldehyde

Question 347

a colorless pungent gas in solution made by oxidizing methanol.

Answer 347

Formaldehyde

Question 348

a mildly acidic toxic white crystalline solid obtained from coal tar and used in chemical manufacture, and in dilute form (under the name carbolic ) as a disinfectant.

Answer 348

Phenol

Question 349

a crystalline compound originally obtained from galbanum resin, used in the production of dyes, resins, and cosmetics.

Answer 349

Resorcinol

Question 350

A very dense, felted, homogeneous panel made from lignocellulosic fibers consolidated under heat and pressure in a hot press to a density not less than 490kg/m3

Answer 350

Hardboard

Question 351

Grades of Hardboard A type of hardboard that is flexible and quite easily bent, light brown with thicknesses of 1/8" 1/4" 3/16" and 5/16", 4 feet wide and lengths of 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 16feet.

Answer 351

Standard Hardboard

Question 352

\_\_\_\_ is used in a variety of applications including furniture components, wall paneling, moulded door skins, underlayment and perforated boards.

Answer 352

Hardboard

Question 353

Grades of Hardboard: Made by impregnated standard board with tempering compounds of oils and resin and baking it to polymerize the tempering material.

Answer 353

Tempered Hardboard

Question 354

Grades of Hardboard: Has low density and used for lightweight application.

Answer 354

Low density hardboard

Question 355

\_\_\_\_ is wood that has been washed onto a shore or beach of a sea, lake, or river by the action of winds, tides or waves. It is a form of marine debris or tidewrack. In some waterfront areas, driftwood is a major nuisance.

Answer 355

Driftwood see Driftwood Hardboard

Question 356

\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a soft, pliable form of leather widely used for gloves and the uppers of ladies' shoes and men's low cut shoes, but traditionally associated with bookbindings, wallets, linings for fine luggage, and the like.

Answer 356

Morocco leather see Types of Hardboard

Question 357

\_\_\_\_ refers to woven split bamboo mats used in the Philippines to construct walls. It is a commonly used material in the construction of the ubiquitous nipa hut.

Answer 357

Sawali see Hardboard types

Question 358

Answer 358

Grooved Hardboard

Question 359

\_\_\_\_ or render is a material made of aggregates, a binder, and water. Stucco is applied wet and hardens to a very dense solid. It is used as a decorative coating for walls and ceilings, and as a sculptural and artistic material in architecture.

Answer 359

Stucco

Question 360

A class of building board made from wood and particles in a binder and often faced with veneer made by binding phenolic resin or urea formaldehyde glue available in 4 ft wide baord and lengths rangin from 8 to 16ft with thicknesses of 1/4" 5/16" 3/8" 1/2" 5/8" 3/4"

Answer 360

Chipboard

Question 361

A rigid sheet composed of wood pulp, gypsum or other materials may be fastened to the building to provide an interior surfae finish the long edges of the board usually tapered to provide easy treatment of joints hen voard is erected.

Answer 361

Wallboard

Question 362

A wallboard having a gypsum core

Answer 362

Gypsum Board aka Plasterbaord

Question 363

Mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate widely mined and is primarily used to plastering, chalks, chalkboards, wall baords

Answer 363

Gypsum

Question 364

dried stalks of grain, used especially as fodder or as material for thatching, packing, or weaving.

Answer 364

Straw

Question 365

Types of Gypsum Boards: A fireproof sheathing used for interior wall and ceiling applications characterized by a core of gypsum covered on each side by heavy specially made kraft paper. This material is also used for partitions that do not require framing.

Answer 365

Gypsum Wallboard

Question 366

Types of Gypsum Boards: Gypsum board with a gypsum ore and heavy paper on both sides used as a base for plaster thus, providing adhesion to plaster

Answer 366

Gypsum Lath

Question 367

Types of Gypsum Boards: Precast gypsum containing carious types of fibers for additional strength made in either the square plank (from 4 to 6ft) or edged plank (10ft long)

Answer 367

Gypsum precast Roof Decking

Question 368

A non structural material in low cost housing constructions which may be used for heat insulation and sound absorption but not as a fire retardant material.

Answer 368

Wood Wool Cement Board

Question 369

A hardboard made of compressed wheat straw and procesed at 350d to 400d F and covered with a tough kraft paper.

Answer 369

Strawboard

Question 370

Grades of Strawboards: Manufactures in 2 in thick, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 ft long used as non load bearing partitions, as plaster base, for insulating purposes, exterior sheathing, roof decking and as inner formface for concrete basement wall forms.

Answer 370

Structural boards

Question 371

Grades of Strawboards: 2in thick 4 ft wide and 5 ft long used primarily for roof deck insulation.

Answer 371

Insulation Grade

Question 372

Structural Glued-Laminated Timber Any member comprising an asesmbly of laminations of lumber in which the grain of all laminations is approximately parallel longitudinally, in which the laminations are bonded with adhesives.

Answer 372

Glulam

Question 373

Structural Glued-Laminated Timber These are structural members, the sections of which are composed of built-up lumber, plywood or plywood in combination with lumber. all parts bonded together with adhesives.

Answer 373

Glued Built-up Members

Question 374

means addition of parts

Answer 374

Built-up

Question 375

A fibrous-felted, homogeneous panel made from lignocellulosic fibers (usually wood or cane) and having a density of less than 490 kg/m3 but not more than 159kg/m3

Answer 375

Fiberboard

Question 376

Components used for the manufacture of this type of board are wood, sugar cane, asbestos, and binder.

Answer 376

Insulating Fiberboard

Question 377

Grades of Fiberboard Used as an insulating, decorative panels, decorative ceiling tile, V-notch plaster base and roof insulation with standard thickness ranging from 1/2" 5/8" 3/4" and 1"

Answer 377

Insulating Grade Fiberboard

Question 378

Grades of Fiberboard Has both surfaces and all edges coated with asphalt and other ifbers impregnated with asphalt during manufacture

Answer 378

Sheathing Grade

Question 379

A dense, rigid board containing a high percentage of fibers bonded with portland cement, characterized by its high resistance to fire, flame and weather but has low resitance to heat flow. It is used as a building material in flat sheet form or corrugate form. Flat boards are made in 1/8" 1/4" 3/" and 1/2" thick 4ft wide and from 6 - 12 ft long

Answer 379

Asbestos Cement Board

Question 380

Made from cork granules and mixed with synthetic resin, compressed and formed into sheets with thickness ranging from 1 to 6inches and baked under pressure into rigid boards.

Answer 380

Corkboard

Question 381

Paper used in building construction particularly for sheathing, roofing and insulation, in making asphalt shingles, laminated and corrugate building products, concrete form materials, moisture and vapor barrier, cushio material, wall paper, envelope or sheath for other buildign materials and as fireproofing material.

Answer 381

Building Paper

Question 382

Types of Sheathing Paper A low cost paper made from semi chemical pulp and waste paper or a tough paper made from kraft paper.

Answer 382

Plain Paper

Question 383

Types of Sheathing Paper made from asphalt of varying quantities with densities ranging from 4 to 10 lbs per square foot.

Answer 383

Asphalt impregnated ro Coated felt or Kraft Paper

Question 384

Types of Building Paper Roofing Paper Used in making a built-up roof, manufactured in 36 in wide rolls and weights from 3 to 20 lbs per square foot.

Answer 384

Roofing Felt

Question 385

Types of Building Paper Roofing Paper A heavy, mineral surfaced paper used as a final roof covering, made 18 and 36 wide, in various weights from 45 to 120 lbs per square foot.

Answer 385

Rolled Roofing

Question 386

They are using this as a substrate for asphalt shingles Acting like a membrane and to add backup for waterproofing This is required if you will use asphalt shingles.

Answer 386

Roofing Felt

Question 387

Tpyes of Buildign Paper: Insulating Paper: made from groundwood or bagasse with some wastepaper pulp added. Usually gray in color and produced in 36 in wide rolls weighting about 9lbs per sqiare foot. This is used for insulating walls, ceilings and floors.

Answer 387

Wood Fiber Insulating Paper

Question 388

the dry pulpy residue left after the extraction of juice from sugar cane, used as fuel for electricity generators, etc.

Answer 388

Bagasse

Question 389

Insulating Paper: A soft, pliable paper used for insulating pipes for carrying steams, boilers and other vessels with high temperatures. It is produced in various weights usually from 5 to 10lbs per square foot. A heavier asbestos felt paper is produced for use as a built up roofing material. This is saturated with asphalt and produced in 36in wide rolls weighing approximately 15 lbs per square foot.

Answer 389

Asbestos Fibers

Question 390

Vapor Barrier Paper

Answer 390

This material is intended to prevent the passage of moisture vapor through walls, ceilings and floors.

Question 391

Paper impregnated with was, used as foor wrapping

Answer 391

Wax paper

Question 392

Sticker papar

Answer 392

Laminated Paper

Question 393

Smooth, soft, brown paper that is tear resistant.

Answer 393

Kraft Paper

Question 394

Concrete Form Paper: Form made from kraft paper.

Answer 394

Spiral Tube Oncrete

Question 395

Concrete Form Paper: Made from corrugated Container paper

Answer 395

Boxlike Form

Question 396

Naturally occuring materials broken down by the natural process of weathering and erosion, then subsequently processed and transported by wind, water or gravity

Answer 396

Sediment

Question 397

Two process of Metamoprphic Rock

Answer 397

Contact - acused by Heat or Laval Regional - caused by pressure

Question 398

Two process of Sedimentary Rock

Answer 398

Composition and Cementation

Question 399

Types of Sedimentary Rock

Answer 399

Clay Silt Sand Pebble Cobble Boulder

Question 400

chemical element that is non metal. Used as coal, crude oil, metal alloy, eg. steel = carbon + iron)

Answer 400

Carbon

Question 401

Steel carbon content:

Answer 401

\>.2% but \< 2%

Question 402

Alloy Steel Any of a group of low carbon steels containing less than 2% allow in a chemical composition specifically developed for increased strength, ductility and resistance to corrosion.

Answer 402

High Strength Low Allow Steel

Question 403

Descriptive of a metal that has been formed by rolling at room temperature, usually to obtain desired form or improve surface finish or higher tensile strength.

Answer 403

Cold Formed/ Cold Rolled

Question 404

Descriptive of a metal form obtained by rolling the metal while still hot, results in dark, oxidized, relatively rough surface.

Answer 404

Hot rolled

Question 405

Unfinished metal from steel mill. Subject for further processing

Answer 405

Billet

Question 406

Bar Identification Marks: Steel Type S

Answer 406

for billet supplemental requirement (S1 (A615)

Question 407

Bar Identification Marks: Steel Type N

Answer 407

for new billet (A615)

Question 408

Bar Identification Marks: Steel Type R

Answer 408

for rail meeting ASTM A617, Grade 60 bend

Question 409

Bar Identification Marks: Steel Type I

Answer 409

for rail (A616)

Question 410

Bar Identification Marks: Steel Type A

Answer 410

for axle (A617)

Question 411

Bar Identification Marks: Steel Type W

Answer 411

for low alloy (A706)

Question 412

ASTM A615

Answer 412

Bilelt Steel, grades 40 and 60 A615-40 grade steel is a structural billet steel for structural applications

Question 413

ASTM Designation and Specified Yield Point ASTM A616

Answer 413

rail stel, grades 50 and 60

Question 414

ASTM Designation and Specified Yield Point ASTM A617

Answer 414

Axle steel, grades 40 and 60

Question 415

ASTM Designation and Specified Yield Point ASTM A706

Answer 415

Low alloy steel, grade 60

Question 416

Answer 416

Question 417

A ductile, malleable, reddish brown metallic element that is an excellent conductor of heat and electricity and is widely used for electrical wiring, water piping and in the manufacture of alloys, as bronze and brass.

Answer 417

Copper Cu

Question 418

A heavy, soft, malleable, bluish gray metallic element used in solder and radiation shielding.

Answer 418

Lead

Question 419

Any of various alloy consisting essentially of copper and zinc, used for windows, railing, trm and finish hardware.

Answer 419

Brass

Question 420

Traditionally, any of various alloys consisting essentially of copper and tin, and sometimes traces of other metals.

Answer 420

Bronze

Question 421

A hard, brittle metallic element, used chiefly as an alloying element to increase the hardness and toughness of steel.

Answer 421

Manganese Mn

Question 422

Copper plus Zinc

Answer 422

Brass

Question 423

Copper plus Tin

Answer 423

Bronze

Question 424

C₃

Answer 424

Tricalcium

Question 425

C₂

Answer 425

Dicalcium

Question 426

\_\_\_ may be defined as a material which, when mixed with water or other liquid substance will: form temporarily a plastic plaste easyly molded or deformed after a short period of time will harden or set to a rigid mas

Answer 426

Cement

Question 427

A calcined mixture of clay and limestone, finely pulverized and used as an ingredient in concrete and mortar.

Answer 427

Cement

Question 428

To heat a substance to a high temperature but without melting or fusing to drive off volatile matter or to cause oxidation.

Answer 428

Calcined

Question 429

Historical Note about Portland Cement Around 3000bc, the egyptians used mud mixed with ___ as a binder to make sun dried bricks. Moreover. they also used gypsum mortars and lime mortars in their pyramids.

Answer 429

Straw

Question 430

Historical Note about Portland Cement The greeks used lime mortars, which are much harder than the ____ mortars.

Answer 430

Roman mortars

Question 431

Historical Note about Portland Cement About 300BC the Babylonians and Assyrians used ___ as a component in binding stones and bricks.

Answer 431

bitumen

Question 432

Historical Note about Portland Cement Around 300 - 476 AD, the Romans used ____ from Pozzouli in Italy near Mt vesuvius to build the Appian way, the Coliseum, Roman baths, the Pantheon and other magnificent structures includign the Pond du Gard.

Answer 432

Pozzolana Cement

Question 433

Historical Note about Portland Cement In 1779, ___ was issued a patent for hydraulic cement (stucco) for plastering application.

Answer 433

Bry Higgins

Question 434

Historical Note about Portland Cement John Smeaton found that calcinations of limestone containing clay produces lime which hardened when mixed with water \_\_\_\_\_..

Answer 434

Hydraulic Lime

Question 435

Historical Note about Portland Cement Edgar Dobbs, in 1810, received a patent for hydraulic mortar, stucco and plaster but is said to be of inferior quality. In 1818, Maurice St. Leger was issued patent for hydraulic cement.

Question 436

Historical Note about Portland Cement The year was 1824 when \_\_\_\_\_\_, an Englishman invented Portland cement. He did it by burning ground chalk with finely divided clay in a lime kiln until carbon dioxide was driven off. Then the sintered product was ground which he called it Portland Cement. The name originated from building stones quarried at Portland, ENgland which resembles the material produced by him.

Answer 436

Joseph Aspdin

Question 437

Portland Cement Components: Responsible for the hardening or early gain in strength of cement.

Answer 437

Tricalcium Silicate C₃S

Question 438

Portland Cement Components: Responsible for the aging or long term gain in strength of cement.

Answer 438

Dicalcium Silicate C₂S

Question 439

Portland Cement Components: Contributes to the initial setting of cement.

Answer 439

Tricalcium Aluminate (C₃A

Question 440

Portland Cement Components: Contributes to the process of cement manufacturing by allowing lower clinkering temperatures.

Answer 440

Tetracalcium Aluminoferrite C₄AFe

Question 441

Types of Portland Cement (Conforms to ASTM C-150 Standard Specification for Portland Cement) For genera luse when special properties are not required, such as resistance to sulfate attack.

Answer 441

Type 1 - Ordinary P{ortaland Cement (Normal)

Question 442

Types of Portland Cement (Conforms to ASTM C-150 Standard Specification for Portland Cement) Type I cement with air entraining additives.

Answer 442

Type IA

Question 443

Types of Portland Cement (Conforms to ASTM C-150 Standard Specification for Portland Cement) Generates less heat and at slower rate during the hydration process.

Answer 443

Type II (MOderate) Modified Portland Cement

Question 444

The formation of a compound by combining water with some other substance, the chemical reaction between cement and water.

Answer 444

Hydration

Question 445

Types of Portland Cement (Conforms to ASTM C-150 Standard Specification for Portland Cement) Type II cement with air entraining additives incorporated.

Answer 445

Type IIA

Question 446

Types of Portland Cement (Conforms to ASTM C-150 Standard Specification for Portland Cement) For use where high strength is desired at early periods: usually within a weak or less.

Answer 446

Type III, High Early Strength Cement (Extra Rapid Hardening Cement)

Question 447

Types of Portland Cement (Conforms to ASTM C-150 Standard Specification for Portland Cement) Air Entrained Type III cement

Answer 447

Type IIIA

Question 448

Types of Portland Cement (Conforms to ASTM C-150 Standard Specification for Portland Cement) For use where low heat of hydration is desired develops strength at a much lower rate than Type I

Answer 448

Type IV, Low heat cement

Question 449

Types of Portland Cement (Conforms to ASTM C-150 Standard Specification for Portland Cement) used when high resistance to sulfate action is desired.

Answer 449

Type V, Sulfate Resistant Cement

Question 450

An expansive reaction occuring when the cement matrix of concrete or mortar comes in contact with sulfates dissolved in groundwater or in soid.

Answer 450

Sulfate Action

Question 451

Types of Portland Cement (Conforms to ASTM C-150 Standard Specification for Portland Cement) An intergourd mixture of Portland cement clinker and granulated blast furnace slag.

Answer 451

Type IS, Portland Blast Furnace Slab Cement

Question 452

Types of Portland Cement (Conforms to ASTM C-150 Standard Specification for Portland Cement) An interground mixture of pOrtland Cement clinker and pozzolan.

Answer 452

Type IP, Portland Pozzolan Cement

Question 453

Types of Portland Cement (Conforms to ASTM C-150 Standard Specification for Portland Cement) Uses selected raw material so that finished product will be white rather than gray

Answer 453

White Portland Cement

Question 454

A mixture of Portland cement, air entraining additives, plasticizers, etc.

Answer 454

Masonry Cement

Question 455

Special Types of Portland Cement Similar to Type III cement, ecept that close control of uniform color is provided.

Answer 455

Block Cement

Question 456

Special Types of Portland Cement Increases in volume during settling and retains a portion of such in volume after hardening.

Answer 456

Expansive Cement

Question 457

Special Types of Portland Cement Similar to plastic cement, except that it was developed for application by compressed air, guns or pumps

Answer 457

Gun Plastic Cement

Question 458

Special Types of Portland Cement Slow setting and resistant to high temperatures and pressure, used for sealing oil wells.

Answer 458

Oil well cement

Question 459

Special Types of Portland Cement Specially made for centrifugally spun pipe

Answer 459

Pipe Cement

Question 460

pipe used for culvert, drainage main

Answer 460

Spun Pipe

Question 461

Special Types of Portland Cement A mixture of types I or II Portland cement and plasticizing agents Used for making mortar, cement plaster and stucco

Answer 461

Plastic Cement

Question 462

Special Types of Portland Cement Early and fast acting cement from a few hours to one hour.

Answer 462

Regulated Set Cement

Question 463

Special Types of Portland Cement Standard or white cement incorporating water-repellant additives.

Answer 463

Waterproofed Cement

Question 464

Other types of Cementitious Materials Fine particles of ash recovered from waste gases of a solid fuel furnace, a cementitious material which can beb used to replace cements in amounts of up to 20% to reduce permeability.

Answer 464

Flyash

Question 465

Other types of Cementitious Materials It resists hydroxylic compountds, such as phenols, glycerols and sugar, may be used as accelerating admixture in Portland Cement.

Answer 465

High Alumina Cement, Aluminous Cement. Calcium Aluminate Cement

Question 466

Other types of Cementitious Materials It has good resistance to fire, abrasion, grease and oil and does not require curing.

Answer 466

Magnesium Oxychloride Cement Sorel Cement Magnesite Cement

Question 467

The process of maintaining humidity and temperature of freshly placed concrete during some definite period following placing ,casting, or finishing to assure satisfactory hydration of the cementitious materials and proper hardening of the concrete.

Answer 467

Curing

Question 468

Other types of Cementitious Materials It has good binding properties but is generally weaker than oxychloride cement.

Answer 468

Magnesium Oxysulphate Cement

Question 469

Other types of Cementitious Materials Used principally in masonry mortars and as admixture in Portland Cement Concrete.

Answer 469

Natural Cement

Question 470

Other types of Cementitious Materials Used principally in masonry mortars, and as admixture in Portland Cement Concrete.

Answer 470

Natural Cement

Question 471

Other types of Cementitious Materials Generally used in patching; sprayable foamed insulation; flame resistant coatings.

Answer 471

Phosphate Cement-quick Setting

Question 472

A very very tomy vpods om cpmcrete (billions of voids in microscopic scale) acting as a reservoir for water to freeze; thus preventing pressure accumulated in concrete and preventing concrete from freezing damages.

Answer 472

Air Entrainment

Question 473

Other types of Cementitious Materials Generally used in cementitious waterproofing membranes

Answer 473

Waterproof Cement

Question 474

Cementitious materials which may be included under this category. Slow setting and hardening principally used to plasticize harsh cements and to add resilience to mortars and stucco.

Answer 474

Lime

Question 475

Types of Lime Used primarily in masonry mortar.

Answer 475

Quicklime

Question 476

Types of Lime Made from quicklimes in the plant: used in mortars, base coat plaster and concrete.

Answer 476

Mason's Hydrated Lime

Question 477

Types of Lime Characterized by whiteness and plasticity; used in finishing coat of plaster.

Answer 477

Finishing Hydrated Lime

Question 478

Used in plaster, gypsum board, gypsum block.

Answer 478

Gypsum Cement

Question 479

Water Cement REaction: The chemical reaction that takes place when portland cement and water are mixed together.

Answer 479

Hydration

Question 480

When cement is mixed with water to form a fluid paste, the mixture will eventually become stiff and then hard.

Answer 480

Setting

Question 481

Water Cement REaction: The stiffening of a concrete mixture with little evidence of significant heat generation.

Answer 481

False Set (portland Cement)

Question 482

Water Cement REaction: Refers to the heat generated when water and cement chemically react.

Answer 482

Heat of Hydration

Question 483

Types of Concrete 135 - 165lbs/ft3, compressive strenth between 2000 to over 8000 psi, structural framing, pavements, floor

Answer 483

Normal Weight

Question 484

Types of Concrete 85 - 115 lbs/ft3, resistance to heat flow used for load bearing and exterior walls, prestressed concrete

Answer 484

Lightweight Structural

Question 485

Types of Concrete 15 - 90 lbs/ft3, aggregates used may be perlite, vermiculite, expanded polystyrene, wood chips or fibers used for fill over meta, roof decks, partitions and panel walls.

Answer 485

Lightweight Insulating

Question 486

Types of Concrete 130 - 290 lbs/ft3 used for walls of spaces containing radioactive naterials; sometimes used as counterweight in various applications.

Answer 486

Heavy weight

Question 487

Types of Concrete Air or bubble gas, suspended in mortar, Typical uses: where high insulating properties are required.

Answer 487

Cellular

Question 488

Types of Concrete Used where aggregate is to be exposed, as inexpensiveconcrete for foundations.

Answer 488

Gap-Graded

Question 489

Types of Concrete Pneumatic equipment using dry or wet method. Typical Uses: Whenever construction without formwork is very desirable, as in complex forms such as shells, domes, swimming pools.

Answer 489

Shotcrete or Gunite

Question 490

Types of Concrete Coarse aggregate is palced dry, then mortar is pumped into it. Typical uses: special forms, surfaces eg. exposed aggregate finishes on cast0in place concrete columns, walls.

Answer 490

Pre placed

Question 491

Types of Concrete Commonly normal, lightweight or lightweight-insulating type of concrete: Typical Uses: when concrete is to be placed high above grade or in formwork of complex shape

Answer 491

Pumped

Question 492

Types of Concrete Mortar with large amount of light gauge wire reinforcing is used. Typical uses Containers eg. bins, boat, hulls, other thin complex shapes.

Answer 492

Ferrocement

Question 493

Types of Concrete Short fibers are added to mixture, fibers may be steel, glass, polypropylene, used to control plastic shrinkage and associated cracking, will generally increase flexural and tensile strength of concrete. Typical uses. Used slab on grade pavements, pneumatically placed concrete, precast, overlays.

Answer 493

Fiber

Question 494

Types of Concrete Nail holding strength: commonly lightweight-insulating types: often wood fiber/chip aggregate, has insulating value. Typical Use: Used in roof decks

Answer 494

Nailing

Question 495

Types of Concrete Requires vibration during placement, has high strength and low shrinkage. Typical use: Used for plant precast items.

Answer 495

No Slump

Question 496

Types of Concrete Ommission of fine aggregates from mix characterizes this type. Typical Uses: MOst for porous drainage pipes, also cast walls, panels, possesses some insulatign value.

Answer 496

Porous (no fines)

Question 497

Types of Concrete Used in placing concrete under water.

Answer 497

Tremie

Question 498

Types of Concrete Hydrated Portland cement concrete which has been impregnated with a monomer and subsequently polymerized after being placed.

Answer 498

Polymer-impregnated

Question 499

Types of Concrete Used for curtain wall and wall facing panels.

Answer 499

polymer

Question 500

Types of Concrete Solidifies rapidly (one day) and has good hardening capabilities; strength similar to pOrtland cement Used for industrial floors, bridge decks, leach tanks, sewer pipes.

Answer 500

Sulphur

Question 501

Types of Concrete Primary reinforcing may be bar or rod mats; plain or deformed bars.

Answer 501

Reinforced.

Question 502

Types of Concrete Prestressed Section is palced in compression using pretensioned steel wires when castin plant

Answer 502

Pretensioned

Question 503

Types of Concrete Prestressed Section is placed in compression using posttensioned cables after beig cast in place.

Answer 503

Posttensioned

Question 504

Types of Concrete Finishes Coloring agenst are added to mixture it may be trowelled, sandblasted, tooled stamped, etc.

Answer 504

Integrally PIgmented

Question 505

Types of Concrete Finishes A rough finish used on horizontal surfaces not exposed to weather,wear or view, and for base course of floors to receive cementitious toppings.

Answer 505

Screeded Trowelled

Question 506

Types of Concrete Finishes Moderately rough finish for horizontal surfaces where slip resistance is required and appearance is a consideration.

Answer 506

Swirl

Question 507

Types of Concrete Finishes Light to HEavy rough finish for horizontal finishes where slip resistance and appearance is a consideration.

Answer 507

Broomed

Question 508

Types of Concrete Finishes Medium to heavy texture for large surfaces, such as roadway pavements where slip resistance is required and appearance is of secondary importance

Answer 508

Burlap Drag

Question 509

Types of Concrete Finishes Finish coat of pitgmented white cement is applied by throwing it vigorously over screeded and broomed for better bonding.

Answer 509

Travertine Finish

Question 510

Types of Concrete Finishes Similar in appearance to travertine, produced by scattering rock salt over a trowelled surface and then dissolving the salt after the concrete has hardened.

Answer 510

Rock Salt

Question 511

Types of Concrete Finishes Proprietary aluminum tools are used to imprint various patterns in freshly placed horizontal concrete surfaces.

Answer 511

Stamped

Question 512

Types of Concrete Finishes Selected aggregate is embedded in the fresh concrete after it has been placed and screeded exposed by removing the surface layer of cement paste by brush and water.

Answer 512

Exposed Aggregate / Washout Finish - Horizontal Surfaces (Rough)

Question 513

Composed of many different sub unit that has large molecules.

Answer 513

Polymer

Question 514

Horizontal surfaces (smooth) crushed stone, most commonly marble aggregate in concrete toppings over concrete base slab.

Answer 514

Exposed Aggregate

Question 515

Types of Concrete Finishes Vertical surfaces aggreagate may be embedded into precast concrete panels during casting when in horizontal position, using the same procedure for horizontal surfaces, or may be expsoed by sandblasting.

Answer 515

Exposed Aggregate

Question 516

Types of Concrete Finishes Form material boards or panels such as plywood may be used to impart a surface texture to concrete.

Answer 516

Formboard

Question 517

Types of Concrete Finishes Plastic Thermoplastic or synthetic rubber sheets formed in a variety of patterns and or textures are attached to the inside faces of formwork.

Answer 517

Formliners

Question 518

Types of Concrete Finishes Plaster of Paris, glas fiber, sculptured surfaces are obtained by placing concrete over or against formwork.

Answer 518

Formliners

Question 519

Types of Concrete Finishes Concrete cast over a bed of crushed stone or gravel aggregate aginst a polyethylene sheet between them to prevent bonding.

Answer 519

Dimpled

Question 520

Types of Concrete Finishes Used to create textured patterns through the use of templates.

Answer 520

Sandblast and Ground

Question 521

Types of Concrete Finishes Hardened concrete may be tooled bushhammered or point tooled to remove the smooth outer layer or hardened cement paste and reveal the rough textured aggregate below.

Answer 521

Bushhammered

Question 522

Types of Aggregates A strong lightweight aggregate obtained by the exfoliation of clay or shale.

Answer 522

Expanded Shale, Expanded Clay

Question 523

Types of Aggregates Consists of teh skeletons of tiny aquatic plants called diatoms which can be heated to melting point and used as a cinderlike, lightweight aggregate.

Answer 523

Diatomite

Question 524

Types of Aggregates Consists of fine material particles produced by the burning of coal. It is useful in Portland cement concrete as a substitute for cement

Answer 524

Fly ash

Question 525

Types of Aggregates Used as aggregates fused into lumps by combustion of coal and are not softer ashes formed by lower temperature combustion.

Answer 525

Cinder

Question 526

Concrete Proportioning For concrete subjected to post tensioning or pretensioning, dams, and similar uses.

Answer 526

Class AAA (4500 psi) 1:1:2

Question 527

Concrete Proportioning For concrete under water, retaining walls and elevator shear wall.

Answer 527

Class AA 4000 psi 1 : 1 1/2 : 3

Question 528

Concrete Proportioning For standard mixtures used for reinforced floor slabs, beams, columns, arches, machine or engine foundation and building foundation.

Answer 528

Class A 3500 psi 1:2:4

Question 529

Concrete Proportioning For medium mixture used for slabs on fill, retaining wall, abutment piers, building wall and sidewalk.

Answer 529

Class B 3000 psi 1:2 1/2 : 5

Question 530

Concrete Proportioning For lean mixture for stone masonry and filling, parapet walls, plantboxes.

Answer 530

Class C 2500 psi 1:3:6

Question 531

Concrete Proportioning For footpath, walkway and lean concrete.

Answer 531

Class D 2000 psi 1:3 1/2: 7

Question 532

Mortar MIxture: CLass AA

Answer 532

1:!

Question 533

Mortar MIxture: Class A

Answer 533

1:2

Question 534

Mortar MIxture: Class B

Answer 534

1:3

Question 535

Mortar MIxture: Class C

Answer 535

1:4

Question 536

Mortar MIxture: Class D

Answer 536

1:%

Question 537

Material Components of COncrete Mixes for: Plaster

Answer 537

Cement sand water

Question 538

Material Components of COncrete Mixes for: Mortar

Answer 538

Cement Sand Water

Question 539

Material Components of COncrete Mixes for: Grout

Answer 539

Cement and water Cement, sand water

Question 540

Concrete Mixing Methods A manual method of mixing concrete done on a watertight platform.

Answer 540

Hand Mixing

Question 541

Concrete Mixing Methods These are used by some ready mix produces. Concret eis mixed at the central yard and delivered to job site in transit mix trucks. The plant can be disassembled easily and transported to the next site.

Answer 541

Stationary Mixers

Question 542

Concrete Mixing Methods Used in smaller concrete jobs.

Answer 542

Portable Mixer or COnstruction Mixer

Question 543

Concrete Mixing Methods These are concrete mixers mounted on crawler treads, usually used for road construction.

Answer 543

Paving Mixers

Question 544

Concrete Mixing Methods A term used to describe mortar or concrete placed by high velocity compressed air that adheres to the surface.

Answer 544

Shotcrete

Question 545

Concrete Mixing Methods Dry materials are mixed and water is added at the nozzle.

Answer 545

Dry mix process

Question 546

Concrete Mixing Methods Uses wet mortar or concrete forced through the delivery hose to the nozze, compressed air is introduced to increase the velocity of material.

Answer 546

Wet mix process

Question 547

Concrete Mixing Methods Any concrete which is transported through a hose or pipe by means of a pump.

Answer 547

Pumped Concrete (pumpcrete)

Question 548

Concrete Mixing Methods Concrete production system which is delivered to the job site ready for placement. This is produced by one of the three methods: Central Mix Transit Mixed COncrte Shrink mixed concrete

Answer 548

Ready MIx

Question 549

Concrete Mixing Methods Ready Mix: Concrete is mixed in a stationary mixer at the producers yard and delivered to the job site in a transit mixer

Answer 549

Central Mix

Question 550

Answer 550

Transit Mixer

Question 551

Concrete Mixing Methods Ready Mix: Concrete is completely mixed in a truc.

Answer 551

Transit Mixed OCncrete

Question 552

Concrete Mixing Methods Ready Mix: A combination of central mix and transit mix.

Answer 552

Shrink Mixed Concrete

Question 553

Materials used in very small amount to modify specific property of another material in order to improve its characteristics used in paints, plasters, mortars, concrete, etc.

Answer 553

Additive

Question 554

Additive Hastens the settling and strength development of a concrete, mortar or plaster mix.

Answer 554

Accelerator

Question 555

Additive Used for reducing surface tension of the mixing water in a concrete mix thereby facilitating the wetting and penetrating action of the water.

Answer 555

Surface Active Agent Surfactant

Question 556

Additive Reduces the amount of mixing water requried for the desired workability. Lowering water cement ratio generally results in increased strength.

Answer 556

Water Reducing Agent. Superplasticizer

Question 557

Additive A pigment or dye added to a concret emix to alter or control its color.

Answer 557

Coloring agent

Question 558

Additive Causes cement particles to separate by imparting like electrostatic charges, it prevents bleeding of water to the surface of concrete,

Answer 558

Dispersal Agent

Question 559

Additive Improves denseness of concrete surface whic are subjected to rolling live loads and impact.

Answer 559

Concrete Hardener

Question 560

Additive Renders concrete more impermeable

Answer 560

Concrete waterproof

Question 561

Additive Improves bond between two concrete surfaces.

Question 562

Additive Prevents cement paste from bonding to the surface and inhibits the setting of cement paste.

Answer 562

Set Inhibiting Agent

Question 563

Additive Prevents the evaporation of water from concrete and allow it to be retained for hydration.

Answer 563

Surface Sealign Agent

Question 564

Additive Causes a slight expansion in plasticconcrete or mortar and thus reduces or eliminates voids caused by settlement.

Answer 564

Gas Forming Agent

Question 565

Additive An abrasive material used as topping to prevent slippery surfaces.

Answer 565

Non skid surface agent.

Question 566

Additive Sometimes used in structures where it is desirable to avoid high temperature or in structures exposed to seawater or water containing sulfates.

Answer 566

Pozzolanic Admixture

Question 567

Concrete Testing Methods: A method for determining the consistency and workability of freshly mixed concrete by measuring the slump of a test specimen.

Answer 567

Slump Test, Slump

Question 568

Allowable Slump for Various COnstruction Beams and Columns

Answer 568

75mm

Question 569

Allowable Slump for Various COnstruction Slabs

Answer 569

50mm

Question 570

Allowable Slump for Various COnstruction Walls, parapets, piers.

Answer 570

50mm

Question 571

Allowable Slump for Various COnstruction Arches and retaining walls.

Answer 571

100mm

Question 572

Allowable Slump for Various COnstruction Canal Lining

Answer 572

75mm

Question 573

Allowable Slump for Various COnstruction heavy mass construction

Answer 573

50mm

Question 574

A type of glass having a pattern or texture impressed usually on one side by a patterned roller. Thicknessees ranging from 1/8in to 3/8inc and widths from 40ins to 50 ins with length up to 100ins.

Answer 574

Cathedral and figured glass

Question 575

Widely used in transportation industry but also used in building industry. This is made of two sheets of plate or sheet glass bonded by a thin, tough layer of polyvinyl butyral resin, a transparent plastic. Thicknesses vary from 9/64, 7/32, 15/64, and 1/4 in 7 sq. ft. for 9/64 in and 15 sq/ ft for the rest.

Answer 575

Laminated Safety Glass

Question 576

Made by reheating and suddenly cooling plate glass. Used for swinging doors, sliding doors, skating rink enclusres. Thicknesses 1/2 to 1 inches

Answer 576

Tempered Plate Glass

Question 577

A rolled glass in which wire mesh is inserted during the process of manufacture. It is characterized by its great rresistance to shattering through impact. Thicknesses. 7/32 to 3/8 inches, Lengths up to 178 inches

Answer 577

Wired Glass

Question 578

Glass made by adding ingredients to the mix used in making slate glass so that the finished product is pale bluish green or gray. This type of glass is widely used for glazing in office buildings, schools and hospitals.

Answer 578

Heat absorbing Plate glass Tinted Glass

Question 579

Polished plate glass can be heat strengthened and coated on one side with bitreous color which is fire fused to the surface. This type of glass is widely used in curtain wall construction, store fronts, showrooms, laboratories and industrial buildings. Thickness is 1/4inch

Answer 579

Vitreous Colored Plate Glass

Question 580

Glass of this type is used where clear vision is not required, such as factory roofs and walls, windwos for halls and staircases, skylights and partitions in offices.

Answer 580

Rolled and Rough Cast Glass

Question 581

Building with units of various natural or manufactured products, as stone, brick or concrete block, usually with the use of mortar as a bonding agent.

Answer 581

Masonry

Question 582

An arrangement of masonry units to provide strength, stability and in some cases beauty through a settling pattern by lapping over one another or by connecting with metal ties.

Answer 582

Bond

Question 583

Any of various metal devices for holding two parts of a construction together as the wythes of a masonry.

Answer 583

tie

Question 584

Resists heat and chemicals, slides easily, used for cable insulation, bearings, valve seats, gaskets.

Answer 584

Polytetrafluoroethylene. PTFE

Question 585

Strong, heat and weather-resistant used for electronic parts, coatings for moisture protection.

Answer 585

Allylic

Question 586

The horizontal frame above the transom which it encloses and parallel to the top rail.

Answer 586

Transom Head

Question 587

The upper horizontal frame that encloses a door leaf.

Answer 587

Door Head

Question 588

Oil Paint Components that solid, finely ground material which gives paint the power to hide, as well as color a surface. In white paints the body is also the pigment. Materials used as body are white lead, zinc oxide, lithopone and titanium white.

Question 589

Oil Paint Components a non volatile fluid in which the solid body is suspended. This includes linseed oil. soya bean oil, fish oil, castor oil, etc

Answer 589

Vehicle

Question 590

Oil Paint Components Materials which give paint its color.

Answer 590

Pigment

Question 591

Oil Paint Components obtained from animal, vegetable and mineral sources, such as iron oxides, chrome oxide, siennas, ochre , umbers and carbon black.

Answer 591

Natural Pigment

Question 592

Oil Paint Components Phtalo-cyanines similar to those used to make dyes.

Answer 592

Synthetic Pigment

Question 593

Oil Paint Components Are volatile solvents, they cause the paint to flow better, eg. Turpentine

Answer 593

Thinners

Question 594

Oil Paint Components Organic salts of various metals such as iron, zinc, cobalt, lead, anganese and calcium used to accelerate the oxidation and hardening of the vehicle.

Answer 594

Driers

Question 595

Types of Paints Alkyd resin is used in the paint formulation. Have mild alkali resistance but excellent water resistnace, particularly useful for porch and deck application.

Answer 595

Alkyd paints

Question 596

Types of Paints Paints in which the vehicle is a synthetic resin emulsion, usually made from any of the following: Butadience-styrene, polyvinyl acetate, epoxy resin or acrylic resin. Also called rubber-based paint or water-based paint.

Answer 596

Resin Emulsion Paints (Latex)

Question 597

Types of Paints consists of a metallic pigment and a vehicle. Pigment are made of fine flakes of aluminum, copper, bronze, zinc or tin.

Answer 597

Metallic Paint

Question 598

Types of Paints Made of by adding fluorescent and phosphorescent pigments using alkyd varine varnish, spirit varnish or quick-drying lacquers.

Answer 598

Luminescent Paint

Question 599

Types of Paints Paints which retard the passage of fire to the surface beneath them.

Answer 599

Intumescent Paints (Fire Retardant)

Question 600

Types of Paints A heavy bodied paint used on concrete and masonry and has a higher percentage of solids than normal. This is suited to area of heavy traffic such as corridors, kitchen and laboratories, and the like.

Answer 600

Polyester-epoxy paints

Question 601

Common paint Problems An incomplete form of peeling, where the paint cracks into large segments, usually due to repeated application of new coats over old coats no longer adherent.

Answer 601

Alligatoring

Question 602

Common paint Problems Discoloration of a coating causeed by soluble color in the underlying surface.

Answer 602

Bleeding

Question 603

Common paint Problems Formation of blisters or pustules on a coating, may be due to underlying spots of grease, sap, or moisture, to excessive heat or to direct exposure to the sun during the process of drying.

Answer 603

Blistering

Question 604

Common paint Problems Progressive powdering form the surface inward.

Answer 604

Chalking

Question 605

Common paint Problems Loss of luster, may be due to insufficient or defecctive undercoats, most frequently due to improper filling o f the wood.

Answer 605

Deadening

Question 606

Common paint Problems Clouding of the lacquer film through precipitation of moisture in the film. Constant temperature and onstrant humidity in the finishing room will prevent much trouble.

Answer 606

Moisture Blush

Question 607

Common paint Problems Rough appearance resembles very closely the peel of an orange. This may be due to improper surfae cleaning or using the wrong paint reducer for thinning.

Answer 607

Orange Peel

Question 608

Common paint Problems indicates imperfect attachment to the surface. common causes of peeling are due to dampness, greasy surfaces and moisture.

Answer 608

Peeling

Question 609

Common paint Problems caused by changes in atmospheric conditions during drying, application over sweating or incompletely dried undercoats, spots of grease or sop or cold draught.

Answer 609

Pinholing

Question 610

Common paint Problems Irregularities of surface due to uneven flow of varnish or paint. Most frequent causes are too mush varnish, incomplete brushing and inelastic brush.

Answer 610

Runs and Sags

Question 611

Common paint Problems Theadhesive property of incompletely dried coating. Tackiness is frequently caused especially in the refinishing of old work, by applying or coating over a greasy or unclean surface..

Answer 611

Tackiness.

Question 612

Common paint Problems Appears chiefly to application of a few heavy coats for more thin ones. Also may be due to cold weather. Removal of the coat is the remedy.

Answer 612

Wrinkling

Question 613

A liquid preparation consisting of a resin dissolved in oil (oil varnish) or in alcohol (spirit varnish), that when spread and allowed to dry forms a hard, lustrous, usually transparent coating.

Answer 613

Varnish

Question 614

made fro nnatural resins or exudations from living trees, while others are fossil resins.

Answer 614

Natural Resin Varnish

Question 615

A durable, weather resistant varnish made from durable resin and linseed or tung oil.

Answer 615

Marine / Spar Varnish

Question 616

Contains 12 to 40 gals of oil per 100 lbs of resin. They dry faster and have a harder film than tung oil varnishes but not impervious to water.

Answer 616

Floor Varnish

Question 617

A natural resin which has been altered by chemical action.

Answer 617

MOdified natural resin varnish

Question 618

produced by plastic industry, includes phenolic, nitrocellulose, aminao resins, alkyd resin, vinyl resin, polyethylene, polystyrene. silicone, acrylic resins and epoxy resins.

Answer 618

Synthetic resin varnish

Question 619

Any paint or varnish drying to a very smooth, hard, usually glozzy finish.

Answer 619

Enamel

Question 620

A spirit varnish made by dissolving purified lac flakes in denatured alcohol.

Answer 620

Shellac

Question 621

Any of various clear or colored synthetic coatings consisting of nitrocellulose derivative dissolved in a solvent that dries by evaporation to form a high gloss film.

Answer 621

Lacquers

Question 622

A solution of dye or suspension of pigment in a vehicle, applied to penetrate and color wood surface without obscuring the grain.

Answer 622

Stain

Question 623

Synthetic dyes, many of which are coal tar derivatives manufactured in powder form and in various strengths. It dissolves in hot water.

Answer 623

Water Soluble Stains

Question 624

made from dues which are soluble in alcohol and are manufactured both in powder and in ready mix liquid form.

Answer 624

Spirit Stains

Question 625

Made by dissolving oil - soluble dyes in coal tar solvents such as tolnol, benzol or xylol and further thinning the vehicle with common petroleum solvents.

Answer 625

Penetrating oil stains

Question 626

Made using light test dyes which are soluble in such substances as glycols, alcohols and ketones.

Answer 626

Non-grain raising stains

Question 627

Made from translucent mineral pigments ground into drying oil.

Answer 627

Pigment Wiping Stains

Question 628

Finishing materials which are used on wood surfaces, particularly those with open grains, to fill the pores and provide aperfectly smooth, uniform surface for varnish or lacquer.

Answer 628

Fillers

Question 629

Used on open grained wood. This consists of a base or body, pigment, nonvolatile vehicle and thinner. The body is generally translucent, inert material such as silica, silicates and carbonates of calcium and magnesium which will fill the pores without staining the wood.

Answer 629

Paste Filler

Question 630

Used on close grained wood usually a varnish with a small amount of body material added.

Answer 630

Liquid Filler

Question 631

Used to seal the surface of the wood and prevent the absorption of succeeding finish coats.

Answer 631

Sealers

Question 632

Types of Sealers

Answer 632

Shellac Varnish Sealer Lacquer Sealer

Question 633

Used on all non-painted concrete, synthetic finishes, rubble, brick and washout finishes as a protecton from absorption of water and prevents moss, alkali, fungi from damaging the surface.

Answer 633

Silicone Water Repellant

Question 634

Adhesives It is available in either solid or liquid form. Solid glue is melted and applied hot and is allowed to set. It has excellent bonding properties with wood, leather, paper or cloth developing up to 12000 psi in shear. It has moderate resistance to heat and good resistance to cold but poor resistance to water. It cures by air drying at room temperature.

Answer 634

Animal Glue

Question 635

This is made from protein material, is a dry dry powder to be mixed with water. It has a good bonding power for wood to wood or paper to wood application and will develop the full strength of the wood in most situations. It has good dry heat resistance and moderate resistance to cold. It has moderate to water but does not perform well when subjected to high humidity or wetting and drying cycles. It is subject to attack from molds, fungi and other wood organisms, will dry to as low as 35dF with moderate pressure.

Answer 635

Casein Glue

Question 636

A special animal glue made for use particularly with leather and paper. It has only moderate bonding power with wood. It is usually sold as a dry powder which is mixed with water. It has fair resistance to both ehat and cold and poor resistance to water. It dries at a temperature ranging from 150 to 200dF.

Answer 636

Blood Aliminum Glue

Question 637

Available in both dry and liquid form, the dry glue being mixed with water. They have good bond with paper or leather and fair bond with wood but strength does not compare with animal or casein glues. They have fair resistance to both heat and cold but poor resistance to water. They dry at room temperature.

Answer 637

Starch and Dextrin Glue

Question 638

Are thermoplastic materials made from asphalt emulsion or asphalt ctbacks. They have good bond to paper and concrete and used mainly for roofing application and for laminating layers of wood fiberboard. They have relatively poor resistance to heat but good resistance to cold and water.

Answer 638

Asphalt Cements

Question 639

Are thermoplastic in nature and have good bond to wood, paper, leather or glass, developing up to 1400 psi in shear with wood. They have moderate resistance to both heat and cold and good resistance to water. A common solvent is ethyl acetate. Cellulose cement cures by air drying and setting.

Answer 639

Cellulose Cements

Question 640

Is uaually in liquid form, it has good bond for paper and fair bond with wood, metal or glass. Strength does not compare with animal, or casein glues. It has moderate resistance to heat, cold, water but poor resistance to creep. It cures by drying at room temperature. The usual solvent is ketone.

Answer 640

Clhorinated Rubber Adhesive

Question 641

Are usually latex emulsion or dissolved crepe rubber. They have a good bond with rubber or leather and fair bond with wood, ceramics or glass, it develops a strength of about 350 psi in tension with wood. They have resistance to heat and cold, good resistance to water but poor resistance to creep. Room Temperature is sufficient for drying.

Answer 641

Natural Rubber Cement

Question 642

Available in both thermoplastic and thermosetting types. It has good bond with wood, paper porcelain enamel and polyester film or sheet. The thermosetting type will develop up to 4000 psi shear and the thermoplastic type up to 600 psi. It has good resistance to heat and cold and excellent water resistance while its creep resistance is faily good. This adhesive cures under heat.

Answer 642

Nitrile or Buna N Rubber Adhesive

Question 643

Are essentially thermoplastic in nature, though they may have some thermosetting characteristics. They have excellent bond with wood, asbestos board, metals, glass and some plastics with strength up to 1200 psi.

Answer 643

Neoprene Rubber Adhesives

Question 644

Available in powder form to be mixed water, and in liquid form which requires the addition of hardener. They are thermosetting in nature with excellent bond to wood, leather or paper having a shear strength of up to 2800 psi. They have good resistance to heat and cold and fair resistance to water. Creep resistance is good. Wood welding can be done by applying high frequency current directly to joint for rapid curing.

Answer 644

Urea Formaldehyde Resin Glue

Question 645

Are made in bot hdry and liquid form. They are thermosetting glues with excellent bond to wood and paper. Shear strength up to 2800 psi are developed. They ahve excellent resistance to heat, cold, creet and water. hot press gues are commonly used in the manufacture of plywood.

Answer 645

Phenolic Resin Glue

Question 646

Thermosetting glues manufactured as a powder with a separate catalyst. They have excellent bond with wood or paper resistance to heat, cold, creep and water. melamine resins are cured under hot press at 300dF. Melamine formaldehyde resin glues are manufacture as a powder mixed with water any may be either hot setting or intermediate temperature setting types.

Answer 646

Melamine Resins

Question 647

Are usually made as a liquid with a separate catalyst. They have good bond with wood or paper, developing shear strength up to 1950 psi with wood. They have good resistance to heat, cold and creep and are generally used where a waterproof joint is required. Some cure at room temperature, while otehrs require moderate heat up to 200dF.

Answer 647

Resorcinol Resins

Question 648

Are thermosetting in natature, manufactured in liquid form with separate catalyst. The amount of catalyst added determines the type of curing required. They have excellend bond with wood, metal, glass and masonry and are widely used in the manufacture of laminated curtain wall panels of various kinds. They are also used in making repairs to broken concrete. They have excellent resistance to both heat and cold, while creep and water resistance vary widely depending upon the glue is compounded. Adding a regular catalyst curing is by hot press while adding a strong catalyst.

Answer 648

Epoxy REsins

Question 649

Have good bond with wood or paper or vinyl plastics and reasonably good bond with metal. Shear strengths up to 1000 psi are developed with wood. Resistance to cold is good but heat, creep and water resistance are only fair. This glue will cure at room temperature.

Answer 649

Polyvinyl Resin Adhesive

Question 650

In liquid form has excellent bonding property with paper or glass and reasonably good bond with wood or metal. Resistance to heat, cold and creep aregood but water resistance is poor. Some cure at room temperature while other require moderate heat at 200dF range.

Answer 650

Sodium Silicate Adhesive

Question 651

Concrete which is deposited in the palce where it is required to harden as part of the structure, as opposed to rpecast concrete.

Answer 651

Cast in place concrete, Cast in situ In situ concrete

Question 652

Assumptions in Elastic Theory in Concrete Plane section remains plane before and after bending occurs. Concrete is \_\_\_; that is the stress of concrete varies from zero at the neutral axis to a maximum at the extreme fibers.

Answer 652

Elastic

Question 653

Assumptions in Elastic Theory in Concrete Concrete is not good in carrying ___ and only the steel bars are carrying all the stresses due to bending which is tension.

Answer 653

Tension

Question 654

Assumptions in Elastic Theory in Concrete There must be no ____ between concrete and steel bars.

Answer 654

Slippage

Question 655

Able to resume its normal form after unloading.

Answer 655

Elastic

Question 656

The length of embedded reinforcement requried to develop the design strength of reinforcement at a critical section.

Answer 656

Development Length

Question 657

Length of reinforcement or mechanical anchor or hool or combination thereof beyond point of zero stress in reinforcement.

Answer 657

End Anchorage

Question 658

ACI 318-77

Answer 658

Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete

Question 659

Cement shall conform to one of the following specifications for Portland Cement: (2)

Answer 659

ASTM 150 ASTM C 595

Question 660

ASTM 150

Answer 660

Specifications for Portland Cement

Question 661

ASTM C 595

Answer 661

Specifications for Blended Hydraulic Cements

Question 662

Admixtures Admixtures to be used in concrete shall be subject to prior approval by the \_\_\_

Answer 662

Engineer

Question 663

Admixtures Admixture containing ____ shall not be used in prestressed concrete containing aluminum embedments if their use will produce deleterious concentration of chloride in the mixing water.

Answer 663

Chloride Ions

Question 664

Used to maintain acid balance These is something with desalination of water hetere removal of excess salt is necesary.

Answer 664

Chloride Ions

Question 665

Aggregates Concrete Aggregates shall conform to one of the following specifications:

Answer 665

ASTM C33 ASTM C330

Question 666

ASTM C33

Answer 666

Specifications for concrete aggregates

Question 667

ASTM C330

Answer 667

Specifications for Lightweight Aggregates for Structural Concrete

Question 668

Nominal maximum size of aggregates shall not be larger than: \_\_ the narrowest dimension between sides of forms, nor \_\_ the depth of slabs, nor \_\_\_ the maximum clear spacing between individual reinforcing bars, or prestressing tendons or ducts.

Answer 668

1/5 1/3 3/4

Question 669

Metal reinforcement Reinforment shall be ___ except that plain reinforcement may be used for spiral or tendons; and reinforcement consisting of structural steel, steel pipe, steel tubing may be used.

Answer 669

Deformed reinforcement

Question 670

Metal reinforcement Reinforcement to be welded shall be indicated in the ___ and weldign procedure to be used shall be specified.

Answer 670

Drawings

Question 671

Reinforcement Details Standard Hook A ___ \_\_\_ ____ bend made at the end of a reinforcing bar according to industry standards with radium based on the bar diameter.

Answer 671

90 135 180d bend

Question 672

Standard hooks (NSCP 4th Editions, 1992) 180d bend plus ___ extension, but not less than \_\_\_mm at free end bar.

Answer 672

4dB, 65mm

Question 673

Standard hooks (NSCP 4th Editions, 1992) 90 bend plus ___ extension, at free end of a bar.

Answer 673

12db

Question 674

Standard hooks (NSCP 4th Editions, 1992) For Stirrups and Tie Hooks 16mm bar and smaller, 90d bend plus __ extension at free end of bar.

Answer 674

6db

Question 675

Standard hooks (NSCP 4th Editions, 1992) For Stirrups and Tie Hooks 20mm bar and 25mm, 90d plus __ extension at free end of bar.

Answer 675

12db

Question 676

Standard hooks (NSCP 4th Editions, 1992) For Stirrups and Tie Hooks 25mm Bar and smaller, 135d bend plus __ extension at free end of abar.

Answer 676

6db

Question 677

Minimum Bend Diameters Diameter of bend measured on the inside of the bar other than for stirrups and ties in sizes 100mm through 15mm diameter, shall no be less than indicated on the table below Minimum bend diameter for 10mm to 25mm

Answer 677

6dB

Question 678

Minimum Bend Diameters Diameter of bend measured on the inside of the bar other than for stirrups and ties in sizes 100mm through 15mm diameter, shall no be less than indicated on the table below Minimum bend diameter for 28mm and 32mm

Answer 678

8dB

Question 679

Minimum Bend Diameters Diameter of bend measured on the inside of the bar other than for stirrups and ties in sizes 100mm through 15mm diameter, shall no be less than indicated on the table below Minimum bend diameter for 36mm

Answer 679

10dB

Question 680

Minimum Bend Diameters inside diamter of bend for stirrups and ties shall not be less than ___ for 16mm and smaller.

Answer 680

4dB

Question 681

Minimum Bend Diameters Inside diameter of bend in welded wire fabric (plain or deformed) for stirrups and ties shall not be less than __ for deformed wire larger than D6 and ___ for all other wires. Bends with inside diameter of less than 8dB shall not be less than ___ from nearest welded intersection.

Answer 681

4dB 2dB 4dB

Question 682

Bending of rebars without heat. as opposed to heat bending which is done in factory.

Answer 682

Cold Bend

Question 683

\_\_\_\_\_\_ Steel rods placed horizontally in concrete slabs for prevention of cracks due to temperature changes or drying; placed parallel to the reinforcing rods. The steel rods are placed at right angles to the main reinforcing bars.

Answer 683

Temperature bars.

Question 684

Cold Field Bending uses a mechanism called:

Answer 684

Portable Hydraulic Rebar

Question 685

Answer 685

portable hydraulic rebar bender

Question 686

Bending: All reinforcement shall be bent ___ unless otherwise permitted by the Engineer.

Answer 686

Cold

Question 687

Bending: Reinforcement partially embedded in concrete shall not be ____ bent, except as shown on the drawings or permitted by the engineer.

Answer 687

Field

Question 688

Surface Conditions of reinforcement At time concrete is placed. metal reinforcement shall be free from mud oil or other nonmetallic coatings that adversely affect ___ capacity.

Answer 688

bonding

Question 689

Surface Conditions of reinforcement Metal reinforcement, except prestressing tendons, with rust, mill scale or a combination of bot hshall be conisdered \_\_\_\_, provided minimum dimensions and weight of a hand wire brushed test specimen are not less than applicable ASTM specifications requirements.

Answer 689

Satisfactory

Question 690

Placing Reinforcement \_\_\_ of cross bars shall not be permitted for asembly of reinforcement unless otherwise authorized by the Engineer.

Answer 690

Welding

Question 691

Spaciling limits for reinforcement The minimum clear spacing between parallel bars in a layer shall be db, but not less than \_\_\_\_

Answer 691

25mm

Question 692

Spaciling limits for reinforcement Where parallel reinforcement is placed in two or more layers, bars in the upper layeer shall be placed directly above bars in the bottom layer with clear distance between layers not less than \_\_\_

Answer 692

25mm

Question 693

Spaciling limits for reinforcement In spirally reinforced or tied reinforced compression members, clear distance between longitudinal bars shall not be less than \_\_\_db nor more than \_\_\_

Answer 693

1.5dB 40mm

Question 694

Spaciling limits for reinforcement In walls and slabs other than concrete joist construction, primary flexural reinforcement shall be spaced not farther apart than ___ times the wall or slab thickness or more than \_\_\_

Answer 694

three 450mm

Question 695

Spaciling limits for reinforcement Bundled bars shall be done in following manner: Groups of parallel reinforcing bars bundled in contact to act as a unit shall be limited to ___ in any one bundle.

Answer 695

four

Question 696

Spaciling limits for reinforcement Bundled bards shall be enclosed within ____ or \_\_\_

Answer 696

stirrups or ties

Question 697

Spaciling limits for reinforcement Bar larger than 32mm shall not be bundled in \_\_\_

Answer 697

Beams

Question 698

Spaciling limits for reinforcement Individual bars within a bundle terminated within the span of flexural members shall terminate at different pointswith at least ___ stagger.

Answer 698

40db

Question 699

Spacing limits for reinforcement Where spacing limitations and minimum concrete cover are based on bar diameter db, a unit of bundled bars shall be treated as a ____ bar of diameter derived from the equivalent total area.

Answer 699

single

Question 700

bars crossing diagonally at column base (between column base and foundation) to reduce bending due to uplift of ground water (used this in case there's high water table)

Answer 700

Cross Bars

Question 701

Minimum Cover (mm) for Cast in Place COncrete (Non prestressed) Concrete cast against and permanently exposed to earth.

Answer 701

75mm

Question 702

Minimum Cover (mm) for Cast in Place COncrete (Non prestressed) Concrete exposed to earth or weather: 20mm through 37mm bars

Answer 702

50mm

Question 703

Minimum Cover (mm) for Cast in Place COncrete (Non prestressed) Concrete exposed to earth or weather 16mm bar, W31 or D31 wire and smaller.

Answer 703

40

Question 704

Minimum Cover (mm) for Cast in Place COncrete (Non prestressed) Concrete nox exposed t oweather or in contact with ground Slabs, walls, joists, 32 mm bar and smaller

Answer 704

20

Question 705

Minimum Cover (mm) for Cast in Place COncrete (Non prestressed) Beams, Columns: Primary reinforcement, ties, stirrups, spirals.

Answer 705

40

Question 706

Minimum Cover (mm) for Cast in Place COncrete (Non prestressed) Shell, folded plate members, 20mm bar and larger

Answer 706

20mm

Question 707

Minimum Cover (mm) for Cast in Place COncrete (Non prestressed) Shell, Folded Plate members: 16mm bar, W31 or D31 wire and smaller

Answer 707

15

Question 708

Answer 708

W31 Welded Wire Fabric

Question 709

Minimum Cover (mm) for Precast Concrete (Manufacture under plant control conditions) Concrete exposed to earth or weather: Wall panels:

Answer 709

20

Question 710

Minimum Cover (mm) for Precast Concrete (Manufacture under plant control conditions) Other members: 20mm bar through 32mm bar

Answer 710

40mm

Question 711

Minimum Cover (mm) for Precast Concrete (Manufacture under plant control conditions) Other members 16mm bar, W31 or D31 Wire

Answer 711

30mm

Question 712

Minimum Cover (mm) for Precast Concrete (Manufacture under plant control conditions) Concrete not exposed to weather or in contact with ground: Slabs, walls, josts, 32mm bar and smaler

Answer 712

15mm

Question 713

Minimum Cover (mm) for Precast Concrete (Manufacture under plant control conditions) Beams, columns, primary reinforcement

Answer 713

dB but not less than 15 and need not exceed 40mm

Question 714

Minimum Cover (mm) for Precast Concrete (Manufacture under plant control conditions) Ties, Stirrups, Spirals

Answer 714

10mm

Question 715

Minimum Cover (mm) for Precast Concrete (Manufacture under plant control conditions) Shells, Folded Plate members: 20mm bar and larger

Answer 715

15

Question 716

Minimum Cover (mm) for Precast Concrete (Manufacture under plant control conditions) Shells, Folded Plate Members 16mm bar, W31 or D31 and smaller

Answer 716

10mm

Question 717

Minimum Cover (mm) for Prestressed COncrete Concrete cast aginst and permanently exposed to earth

Answer 717

75

Question 718

Minimum Cover (mm) for Prestressed COncrete Concrete expoed to earth or weather: Wall panels slabs or joists

Answer 718

25

Question 719

Minimum Cover (mm) for Prestressed COncrete Concrete exposed to earth or weather Other Members

Answer 719

40

Question 720

Minimum Cover (mm) for Prestressed COncrete Concrete not exposed to weather or in contact with ground: Slabs, walls,joists,beams and columns

Answer 720

20mm

Question 721

Minimum Cover (mm) for Prestressed COncrete Concrete not exposed to weather or in contact with ground Primary reinforcement:

Answer 721

40mm

Question 722

Minimum Cover (mm) for Prestressed COncrete Concrete not exposed to weather or in contact with ground Ties, Stirrups, Spirals

Answer 722

25

Question 723

Minimum Cover (mm) for Prestressed COncrete Concrete not exposed to weather or in contact with ground Shells, Folded Plate Member: 16mm bar, W31 or D31 wire, and smaller

Answer 723

10mm

Question 724

Reinforced COncrete Column A concrete designed to act together with vertical and lateral reinforcement in resisting applied forces. Reinforced concrete column constituting the principal supports for a floor or roof should have a minimum diameter of _____ or if rectangular in section, a minimum thickness of ____ and a minimum gross area of \_\_\_\_.

Answer 724

10inches 8 inches 96 sq in

Question 725

Tied Column A cocnrete column reinforced with vertical bars and individual lateral ties. Lateral ties should have a diameter of at least ___ spaced apart not more than ___ tie diameters, ___ bar diameter or the ___ dimension of the column.

Answer 725

10mm 48 tie 16 least

Question 726

Lateral Reinforcement for Compression Members All non prestressed bars shall be enclosed by lateral ties, at least ___ in size for longitudinal bars 32mm or smaller, and at least ___ in size for 36mm and bundled longitudinal bars.

Answer 726

10mm 12mm

Question 727

Lateral Reinforcement for Compression Members Vertical spacing of ties shall not exceed ___ longitudinal bar diameter, __ tie diameters or ____ dimension of the compression member.

Answer 727

26 48 least

Question 728

Lateral Reinforcement for Compression Members Ties shall be arranged such that every corner and alternate longitudinal bar have lateral support provided by the corner of a tie with an included angle of not more than ___ degrees and no bar shall be farther than \_\_\_mm clear on each side along thetie from such a laterally supported bar. Where longitudinal bars are located arond the perimeter of a circle, a complete circular tie is allowed.

Answer 728

135 150mm

Question 729

Lateral Reinforcement for Compression Members Ties shall be locatesd vertically not more than ___ a tie spacing above the top of footing or slab in any story, and shall be spaced as provided herein to not more than ___ a tie spacing below the lowest horizontal reinforcement in slab or drop panel above.

Answer 729

1/2 1/2

Question 730

Lateral Reinforcement for Compression Members Where beams or brackets frame from four directions into a column, ties may be terminated not more than ___ below lowest reinforcement in shallowest of such beams or brackets.

Answer 730

75mm

Question 731

ACIa Specification for Axially Loaded Tied Columns Minimum Cross section area of Column Ag

Answer 731

60,000mm2

Question 732

ACIa Specification for Axially Loaded Tied Columns Minimum Thickness of column

Answer 732

200mm

Question 733

ACIa Specification for Axially Loaded Tied Columns

Answer 733

Not less than 40mm Not less than 1.5 times the max size of coarse aggregate

Question 734

ACIa Specification for Axially Loaded Tied Columns Minimum diameter of lateral ties

Answer 734

10mm diameter

Question 735

ACI Specification for Axially Loaded Tied Columns Lateral Ties spacing

Answer 735

Not more than 16 bar diameter Not more than 48 bar diameter Not more than the least dimension of column

Question 736

Clear ACI Specification for Axially Loaded Tied Columnsdistance between horizontal bars

Answer 736

Not less than 1.5 ties the bar diameter nor less than 1.5 times the max size of coarse aggregate.

Question 737

ACI Specification for Axially Loaded Tied Columns Minimum number of bars

Answer 737

4 - 16mm diameter

Question 738

Pg (ratio of gross reinforced area to gross cross sectinal area)

Answer 738

.01 - .04

Question 739

ACI Specification for Axially Loaded Spiral Column minimum diameter

Answer 739

250mm

Question 740

ACI Specification for Axially Loaded Spiral Column Spacng of Spiral Ties

Answer 740

not more than 75mm not less than 25mm not less than 1.5 times the size of coarse aggregate 1/6 core diameter

Question 741

ACI Specification for Axially Loaded Spiral Column Minimum number of bars

Answer 741

6 - 16mm diameter

Question 742

ACI Specification for Axially Loaded Spiral Column Clear distance between longitudinal bars

Answer 742

Not less than 1.5 times bar diameter Not less than 1.5 times max size of coarse aggregate

Question 743

ACI Specification for Axially Loaded Spiral Column Pg (ratio of gross reinforce area to gross sectional area of column)

Answer 743

.01 to .08

Question 744

Lateral Reinforcement for Compression Members: Spiral Reinforcement For cast in palce construction, size of spirals shall not be less than ___ diameter.

Answer 744

10mm

Question 745

Lateral Reinforcement for Compression Members: Spiral Reinforcement Anchorage of spiral reinforcement shall be provided by ___ extra turns of spiral bar or wire at each end of a spiral unit.

Answer 745

1 1/2

Question 746

Lateral Reinforcement for Compression Members: Spiral Reinforcement Splices in spiral reinforcement shall be lap splices of ___ but not less than \_\_\_mm or welded.

Answer 746

48dB 300mm

Question 747

Lateral Reinforcement for Compression Members: Spiral Reinforcement Spirals shall extend from top of footing or slab in any story to level of _____ in members supported above.

Answer 747

Lowest horizontal reinforcement

Question 748

Lateral Reinforcement for Compression Members: Spiral Reinforcement Where beams or bracketsdo notframe into all sides of a column, ties shall \_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 748

extend above termination of spiral to bottom of slab of drop panel.

Question 749

Lateral Reinforcement for Compression Members: Spiral Reinforcement In columns with capitals, spirals shall extend to a level at which the diameter or width of capital is ___ times that of the column.

Answer 749

two

Question 750

ACI

Answer 750

American COncrete Institute

Question 751

About ACI:

Answer 751

The American Concrete Institute is a non-profit technical society and standards developing organization. ACI was founded in January 1905 during a convention in Indianapolis. The Institute's headquarters are currently located in Farmington Hills, Michigan, USA.

Question 753

Special Reinforcement for Details Columns Offset Bars The slope of an inclined portion of an offset bar with axis of column shall not exceed \_\_\_\_

Answer 753

1 in 6

Question 754

Special Reinforcement for Details Columns Offset Bars Horizontal suppoert at offset bends shall be provided by lateral ties, spirals or parts of floor construction. Horizontal suppoert provided shall be designed to resist ____ times the horizontal component of the computed force in the inclined portion of an offset bar. Lateral ties or spirals, if used shall be placed not more than ___ from points of bend.

Answer 754

1 1/2 150mm

Question 755

Special Reinforcement for Details Columns Offset Bars Where a column is offset ____ or greater, longitudinal bars shall not be offset bent. Separate dowels, lap splices with the longitudinal bars adjacent to the offset column faces shall be provided.

Answer 755

75mm

Question 756

Notes on Concrete Columns VErtical bars of columns shall have a ___ bend and anchored at the supporting footing or other supporting member.

Answer 756

90d bend

Question 757

terms applied or necessary to something or someone.

Answer 757

Nomenclature

Question 758

Notes on Concrete Columns Concrete protective covering from the face to the reinforcing steel shall be \_\_\_.

Answer 758

40mm

Question 759

Notes on Concrete Columns Splices of vertical bars shall be ___ as much as possibe, located preferably at the ___ of the column height.

Answer 759

staggered middle half

Question 760

Notes on Concrete Columns Bar splices may be _____ that can develop the full capacity of the bar.

Answer 760

lapped splices, or electrically butt welded.

Question 761

The spacing of lateral ties shown in the schedule are maximum spacing which shall be used only outside the heights and away from joints, where a reduced spacing of not more than ___ meter on center is requried.

Answer 761

0.10m

Question 762

The distance which is measured upward from top of footing or floor lines, and downward from bottom and deepest beam of girder, shall be the largest of the following:

Answer 762

maximum column 1/6 of the clear height of the column 457mm (18inches)

Question 763

If the column is reduced in size at an upper floor, the vertical bars of the column from the lower floor may be crimped of offset to the new position at the upper column in the horizontal distance between the two positions is not more than \_\_\_\_.

Answer 763

3 inches

Question 764

Notes on Concrete Columns In crimping or offsetting the bars, the angle of bend shall not be more than \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 764

one horizontal to six vertical (1:6)

Question 765

Notes on Concrete Columns Extra lateral ties shall be provided at the lower end of the bend to care of at least ____ of the outside thrust caused by the inclined position of the bar, and this may be satisfied by providing at least two extra hoops to hold the bent bars at the beginning of the bend, these hoops spaced close together.

Answer 765

1.25

Question 766

Notes on Concrete Columns Lateral ties and spirals shall be provided for the vertical bars of the column within the depth of the beams and or girders at the intersection with the column and spaced not more than ___ meter on centers.

Answer 766

0.10 meter

Question 767

Minimum Thickness of Non presressed Beams The clear distance from the bar to the farther face of the wall shall not be less than ___ bar diameters if reinforcing bars end in a wall.

Answer 767

4db

Question 768

Minimum Thickness of Non presressed Beams Use ___ separator at ___ apart for two or more layers of reinforcing bars, with the bars not bundled.

Answer 768

25mm 1m

Question 769

Minimum Thickness of Non presressed Beams Beam reinforcing bars supporting slab reinforcement shall be ___ clear from the bottom of the finish. The clear conccrete covering between the face of the beam at the bottom of the sides shall be \_\_\_.

Answer 769

25mm 350mm

Question 770

Minimum Thickness of Non presressed Beams When the beam crosses a girder, rest beam bars on top of \_\_\_\_.

Answer 770

Girder Bars

Question 771

Minimum Thickness of Non presressed Beams Stirrups for rectanuglar beams without flanges shall be ___ stirrups. Stirrups for tee beams with flanges on one side only shall like wise be closed stirrup. Stirrups for tee beams with flanges on both sides may be ___ stirrups. U stirrups may be placed in alternating ___ and upright position.

Answer 771

closed U stirrups inverted

Question 772

A thin layer of mortar spread on a moistened and prepared existing concrete surface prior to laying a new concrete slab.

Answer 772

Bonding Layer

Question 773

A concrete slab of uniform thickness reinforced in one direction and cast integrally with parallel supporting beams. Are suitable only for relatively short spans. This type of slab is supported by two parallel beams, the beam framing into girders in turn framing into columns. The reinforcement in the slab runs in one direction only, from beam to beam, hence the slab is know\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 773

One Way Slab

Question 774

One Way Slab Maximum spacing of main reinforcing bars should not exceed ____ times the thickness of slab nor ___ mm while the maximum spacng of temperature bars is ___ times the slab thickness nor more than \_\_\_mm.

Answer 774

3 times 450mm five times 450mm

Question 775

One Way Slab: Minimum main reinforcing bars

Answer 775

12mm dia

Question 776

One Way Slab: minimum temperature bars

Answer 776

10mm dia

Question 777

One Way Slab: Steel covering

Answer 777

20mm

Question 778

One Way Slab: Clear distance from the center of reinforcing bars to the bottom of slab:

Answer 778

25mm

Question 779

Minimum Thickness of ONe way Slab: Simply Supported

Answer 779

L/20

Question 780

Minimum Thickness of ONe way Slab: One end continuous

Answer 780

L/24

Question 781

Minimum Thickness of ONe way Slab: Both ends continuous

Answer 781

L/28

Question 782

Minimum Thickness of ONe way Slab: Cantilevered

Answer 782

L/10

Question 783

One way slab: When S/L \< .50, thus it is a _____ slab

Answer 783

one way slab

Question 784

If S/L \> 0.50 thus it is a ___ slab

Answer 784

two way

Question 785

Two Way Slab: Minimum thickness t=\_\_\_

Answer 785

perimeter / 180

Question 786

Two Way Slab: Maximum spacing of main bars=

Answer 786

3t not \> 450mm

Question 787

Two Way Slab: Spacing of bars within the column strip is ____ times the spacing at the center.

Answer 787

3/2

Question 788

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are beams that span over more than two supports, like this one that has four supports: That’s the beam. From the far left end to the far right end, it continues over each of the interior supports up until the last. The one-end or two-end question isn’t really asking about the beam, it’s asking about each span. Imagine each support was numbered 1, 2, 3 and 4 from left to right. Now consider the first segment between supports 1 and 2. Is the left end over support 1 continuing over anything? Not really, no. The beam just started. How about the right end, going over support 2? Yes! It’s continuing right over support 2. This means the span between 1 and 2 (or we could call it Span 1–2) is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 788

Continuous beams one-end continuous.

Question 789

Ok, next span. Is the beginning part over support 2 continuing? Yes, we established it continues over. Support 3? Yes! So this span is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Finally, the next span is a reflection of the first. Over support 3, definitely continues over, but not at support 4! Support 4 just terminates. So this span is back to being \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 789

both-ends continuous. one-end continuous.

Question 790

If you review the above, you’ll notice that the points of the beam over supports 1 and 4 are not continuous, whereas the points of the beam over supports 3 and 4 are continuous. What distinguishes the two? The answer is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ A one-end continuous span within a continuous beam actually has one end carrying a bending moment (the continuous end) and another end that releasesbending moments (the terminal end that freely rotates)! In other words, it can also be modelled as pinned-fixed in a number of analysis problems. Also, one-end continuous beams will usually have higher deflections due to fewer restraints. On the other hand, both-end continuous spans have fixed-end moments on both sides when modelling, but are subject to lower deflections due to greater restraints.

Answer 790

bending moments.

Question 791

there are generally four possible restraint configurations for any single span of a beam (followed by the model): Simply supported - \_\_\_\_\_\_ One-end continuous (\_\_\_\_\_\_) Both-end continuous (\_\_\_\_\_\_) Cantilever (\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_)

Answer 791

pin-pin pin-fixed fixed-fixed fixed-free

Question 792

Primary beams - aka \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 792

Girders

Question 793

A system of temporary boarding, sheathing or pans used to produce the desired shape and size of concrete mass.

Answer 793

Formworks

Question 794

\_\_\_ are generally used in concrete construction since concrete is formable and assumes the shape of the enclosing materia.

Answer 794

Forms

Question 795

Forms should be \_\_\_, rigid and strong enough to sustain the weight and pressure of concrete and other external and internally induced forces. The design of forms should be simple and economically designed to allow ease of removal and reassembling without damage to itself or to the concrete.

Answer 795

watertight

Question 796

A system of temporary platform to support workers and maetrials on the face of a structure and to provide access to work areas above ground.

Answer 796

Scaffoldings

Question 797

Answer 797

Question 798

Temporary bracing for supportig work under construction which cannot yet support itself.

Answer 798

Falsework

Question 799

A temporary platform for workers and the materials that they use in building structures.

Answer 799

Staging

Question 800

A piece of timber to support a wall usually set diagonal or oblique position, to hold the wall in place temporarily.

Answer 800

Shore

Question 801

A vertical support for aligning and reinforceing wales.

Answer 801

Strongback Stiffback

Question 802

A 250mm diameteter pipe with a conical shape hopper above.

Answer 802

Tremie

Question 803

Design of Formworks Forms for prestressed concrete members shall be designed and costructed to permit _____ of member without damage during application of prestressing force.

Answer 803

Movement

Question 804

Factors in Design of Formworks: \_\_\_ form requirements for construction of shells, folded plates, domes, architectural concrete or similar types of elements.

Answer 804

Special form

Question 805

Preparation of equipment and Place of Deposit All equipment for mixing and transporting shall be \_\_\_.

Answer 805

Clean

Question 806

Preparation of equipment and Place of Deposit All debrish shall ____ from spaces to be occupied by concrete. Forms shall be properly \_\_\_\_

Answer 806

removed coated

Question 807

Preparation of equipment and Place of Deposit Masonry filler units that will be in contact with concrete shall be well \_\_\_\_. Water shall be removed from place of deposit before concrete is placed unless a ___ is to be used.

Answer 807

drenched tremie

Question 808

Preparation of equipment and Place of Deposit All ____ and other unsound material shall be removed before additional concrete is placed against hardened concrete.

Answer 808

laitance

Question 809

\_\_\_\_\_ is a major cause of failure in flooring installations. It takes the form of a weak, friable layer on the surface of concrete and sand cement screeds which appears after curing. It is made from cement and fine aggregates that rise to the surface when too much water is added.

Answer 809

Laitance

Question 810

A layer of weak, nondurable material containing cement and fines from aggregate, which is brought to the surface of overwet concrete by the bleeding of water to the top.

Answer 810

Laitance

Question 811

Mixing Mixing shall be continued for at least ____ minutes after all materials are in the drum, unless a shorter time os shown to be satisfactory by the mixing uniformity test.

Answer 811

1 1/2 minutes

Question 812

Depositing Concrete shall be deposited as nearly as practicable in its final position to avoid ___ due to rehandling or flowing.

Answer 812

segregation

Question 813

Depositing Concreting shall be carried on at such a rate that concrete is at all times ___ and flows readily into spaces between reinforcement.

Answer 813

Plastic

Question 814

Depositing Concrete that has ____ or been contaminated by foreign materials shall not be deposited in the structure.

Answer 814

Partially hardened

Question 815

Depositing Retempered concrete or concrete that has been remixed after ____ shall not be used unless otherwise allowed by the Engineer.

Answer 815

initial set

Question 816

Depositing After concreting is started, it shall be carried on as a _____ until placing of a panel or section is completed.

Answer 816

Continuous operation

Question 817

Depositing All concrete shall be thoroughly ____ by suitable means during palcement and shall be thoroughly worked around reinforcement and embedded fixtures and into corners of forms.

Answer 817

consolidated

Question 818

To combined as a single unit.

Answer 818

Consolidate

Question 819

Curing: Concrete shall be maintained at ___ and in moist condition for at least ___ days after placement.

Answer 819

50dF 7 days

Question 820

Curing: High Early strength concrete shall be maintained above ____ and in moist condition for at least __ days.

Answer 820

50dF 3 days

Question 821

Removal of Forms and Shores Sufficient strength may bedemostrated by ____ test cylinders and by structural analysis considering proposed loads in relation to field-cured strengths and strength of the forming and shoring system.

Answer 821

Field cured

Question 822

Schedule of Formworks for Removal Time required for Massive Footing

Answer 822

1 day

Question 823

Schedule of Formworks for Removal Time required for Cantilever Footing

Answer 823

5 days

Question 824

Schedule of Formworks for Removal Time required for - Slab Footings

Answer 824

5 days

Question 825

Schedule of Formworks for Removal Time required for - Massive walls with .3m thk or more

Answer 825

If up to 2m high - 1 day add 1 day for every additional meter

Question 826

Schedule of Formworks for Removal Time required for - Thin walls less than 0.30 m thk

Answer 826

Up to 2m high - 2days add 1 1/2 day for every meter but not more than 28 days

Question 827

Schedule of Formworks for Removal Time required for - Cantilever walls, buttresses, counterforts, diaphragms.

Answer 827

if without load Up to 2m high - 2 days add 1 1/2 day for every meter but not exceeding 28 days

Question 828

Schedule of Formworks for Removal Time required for - Column (Ratio of height to least diameter is up 4

Answer 828

2 days

Question 829

Schedule of Formworks for Removal Time required for - Column (Ratio of height to least dimater is from 4 - 15.

Answer 829

Add to the above 1 day for every additional meter of height but not more than 28 days.

Question 830

Schedule of Formworks for Removal Time required for - Slabs (3ft) to 7ft span

Answer 830

for 3 ft - 5 days, additional 1/2 day for every foot additional span or fraction thereof.

Question 831

Schedule of Formworks for Removal Time required for - Slabs with greater than 7ft span

Answer 831

7 days, add 1 day for every foot additional span, but not more than 28 days

Question 832

Schedule of Formworks for Removal Time required for - Beams and Girders (Side

Answer 832

3 days

Question 833

Schedule of Formworks for Removal Time required for - Beams and Girders (Bottom)

Answer 833

Up to 14 ft - 14 days, add 1/2 day for every foot but not greater than 28 days

Question 834

Schedule of Formworks for Removal Time required for - Arches - Spandrel Walls

Answer 834

3 days

Question 835

Schedule of Formworks for Removal Time required for - Arches - Spandrel Arches

Answer 835

14 days

Question 836

Schedule of Formworks for Removal Time required for - Arches - (Main arches)

Answer 836

21 days

Question 837

Schedule of Formworks for Removal Time required for - Ballustrade, Copings, etc.

Answer 837

1 day

Question 838

Schedule of Formworks for Removal Time required for - RC piles and RC posts (Side)

Answer 838

3 days

Question 839

Schedule of Formworks for Removal Time required for - RC piles and Rc posts (Bottom)

Answer 839

14 days

Question 840

The part of a building or structure which is above the level of the adjoining ground or the level of the foundation.

Answer 840

Superstructure

Question 841

The horizontal component of pressure that a soil mass exerts on a vertical retaining wall.

Answer 841

Active Soil Pressure

Question 842

Allowable Bearing Capacities of Various Soils find psf, kgs/m2, kPa, tons per ft2 Alluvial Soil Soft Clay Firm Clay Wet Sand Sand and Clay

Answer 842

Question 843

\_\_\_\_\_\_ is loose, unconsolidated soil or sediment that has been eroded, reshaped by water in some form, and redeposited in a non-marine setting. Alluvium is typically made up of a variety of materials, including fine particles of silt and clay and larger particles of sand and gravel.

Answer 843

Alluvium

Question 844

1 ton = ___ lbs

Answer 844

2000 lbs

Question 845

1 psf = _____ kgs/m2

Answer 845

4.88 kg/m2

Question 846

Excavation, Foundation and Retaining Walls Whenever the depth of excavation for any construction is such that the lateral and subadjacent support of the adjoining or existing structure thereon would be affected in a manner that the stability or safety of the same is engangered, the ___ undertaking or causing the excavation to be undertaken shall be responsible for the expense of the underpinning or extending the foundation or footings of the aforementioned property or structure.

Answer 846

Person

Question 847

Excavation, Foundation and Retaining Walls Excation and other similar disturbances made on public property, shall unless otherwise excluded by the authority, be restored immediately to its former condition within __ hours from the start of such excavation and disturbances by whosoever caused such excavation or disturbance.

Answer 847

48 hours

Question 848

Footings, Foundations and Retaining Walls Whenever or wherever there exist in the site of construction an abrupt change in the ground levels or of the foundation such that instability of the soil could result, ____ shall be of adequate design and type of construction.

Answer 848

Retainng Walls

Question 849

Protection and Safety Requirements for Construction and Demolition The construction, erection, alteration and removal of scaffolds and the application, installation and setting up of safeguards and equipment devices shall be done by _____ under the supervision of a \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 849

skilled dworkmen person qualified by experience or training for such work.

Question 850

Protection and Safety Requirements for Construction and Demolition A safeguard, device or piece of equipment which is unsafe shall be reported to the ___ or \_\_\_, who shall take immediate steps to remedy such conditions or remove such safeguard. device or equipment.

Answer 850

Superintendent foreman

Question 851

Protection and Safety Requirements for Construction and Demolition \_\_\_\_ shall be removed, hammered in or bent in a safe condition.

Answer 851

Protruding nails and tie wire ends.

Question 852

Protection and Safety Requirements for Construction and Demolition Electric lines, moving ropes and cable gears, or similar hazards with which a worker might in contact with shall be ___ or \_\_\_.

Answer 852

encased or protected

Question 853

Protection and Safety Requirements for Construction and Demolition No person, firm or corporation, either personally or through an employee or agent of another, shall operate or move any machinery,equipment, material, scaffolds or materials in the process of assembly closer than __ meters to any energized high voltage overhead electrical facilities except with the approval of the electrical inspector.

Answer 853

5 meters

Question 854

Protection and Safety Requirements for Construction and Demolition All workmen on any demolition job shall be furnished with and be required to wear \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 854

industrial safety helmets

Question 855

Protection and Safety Requirements for Construction and Demolition \_\_\_\_ and tools boxes shall be so located as to protect workers from dangerous falling walls and other falling objects.

Answer 855

Construction Sheds

Question 856

Fence When the horizontal distance between the outermost face of the building and the inner edge of the sidewalk is ______ of the building height, only a fence shall be required.

Answer 856

more than one half

Question 857

Wash Boring Method

Answer 857

Derrick (4 pipes) Rope Swivel Pump and Tub Wash Pipe with Drill Bit or Chopping Bit Wash pipe with Samplig Spoon (interchaneable) Casing

Question 858

Allowable Bearing Capacities of Various Soils find psf, kgs/m2, kPa, tons per ft2 Firm Dry Sand Coarse Dry Sand Gravel Gravel and Sand (Well Cemented) hardpan or HardShale Medium ROck Rock Under Caissons Hard Rock

Answer 858

Question 859

Soil TEst Foundation design is primarily based on the result of \_\_\_\_\_. The technical personnel has to make a reasonably accurate conception of the physical properties and arrangement of this underlying soil.

Answer 859

subsurface investigation

Question 860

Types of Soil Testing and Investigation Methods An auger is used for this purposed where a hole is bored on the ground. Two types of auger may be used, the Helical or the Iwan or Post Hole Auger. Portable helical augers are available from 80 to 300mm in diameter and used for making deeper holes.

Answer 860

Auger Boring Method

Question 861

Two types of Auger that may be used in Auger Boring Method.

Answer 861

Helican or THe Iwan Post Hole Auger

Question 862

Answer 862

Post Hole Auger

Question 863

Answer 863

Helical Auger

Question 864

Answer 864

Iwan Auger

Question 865

Types of Soil Testing and INvestigation MEthods This method employs the used of a piece of metal tube 50mm to 100mm in diameter, used to bore hole with depths ranging from 1.5m to 3m. The tube or casing is cleared of the soil sample by chopping bit to the lower portion of the wash pipe inserted inside the tubing or casing. Wather is then used to was down through the wash pipe by means of a high velocity pimp to rinse the fragments of soil throug the annular space between the tube and the wash pipe. This method is similar to the process of installng an underground water pump where the pipe is cleaned by wash pipe and water.

Answer 865

Wash Boring Method

Question 866

Types of Soil Testing and INvestigation MEthods A truck mounted driving rig turns the auger to a depth of more than 60 meters using continuous flights of auger with a hollow stem where samples of soil can be retrieved. It has an auger with sizes range from 60 - 80mm diamter.

Answer 866

Hollow Stem Auger Boring Method

Question 867

Types of Soil Testing and Investigation Methods Employed as one of the most efficient and convenient method os soil sample retrieval method and used for soil structure characterized by high resistant materials such as rocks, clay as well as sand. Rotary boring diameter ranges from 50mm to 200mm

Answer 867

Rotary Drilling

Question 868

Types of Soil Testing and Investigation Methods Somtimes called Cable Tool Drilling Method, used when boring or auger method is not possible due to difficulty in penetration of soil especialy hard soil strata.

Answer 868

PErcussion Drilling Method

Question 869

Types of Soil Testing and Investigation Methods This is a device used to investigate the consistetncy of cohesive deposits or relative density of cohesionless strata without the necessity of drilling and obtaining samples. Static penetration is characterized by consistent and uniform force or pressure application and Dynamic penetration when drivin into the soil. Standard penetration test is done by dropping a 60kg hammer into a drill hole dfrom a height of 700mm, the number of blows to make a penetration of 300mm is regarded as the penetration resistance.

Answer 869

Penetrometer ## Footnote *a device to test the stregth of material*

Question 870

Types of Soil Testing and Investigation Methods A 60 degree cone with a base area of 100 sq mm is used inthis method. This is attached to the tip of a rod and protected by a casing. The cone is pushed by the rod into the ground, the cone is slightly larger than the pipe in order to minimize friction between the tool and the surrounding soil

Answer 870

Dutch Cone Penetration Method

Question 871

Types of Soil Testing and Investigation Methods The vane device for shear testing of clay soil in place consist of four vertical rectangular blades at right angles to vertical shaft. The vane is then pushed into the soil and twisted until the soil is ruptured in a cylindrical form, shear strength is computed from the maximum moment needed to rupture the soil and thereby obtaining soil sample.

Answer 871

Vane Shear Test

Question 872

Answer 872

Vane Shear Test

Question 873

Standard Load Test Dug to the depth of the soil to be tested usually the _____ level.

Answer 873

Proposed Footing level

Question 874

Standard Load Test The pit width should be at least __ times the load plate width.

Answer 874

five times

Question 875

Standard Load Test The square load plate with a general dimension of ___ x ___ is set on a leveled bottom of the pit.

Answer 875

300 x 600mm

Question 876

That part of the foundation bearing directly upon the supporting soil, set below the natural grade line and enlarged to distribute its load over a greater area.

Answer 876

Footing

Question 877

A relatively long, slender structural compression member such as post, pillar or strut, usually vertical supporting a load which acts in (or near) the direction of its longitudinal axis.

Answer 877

Column

Question 878

A column designed to support concentrated load.

Answer 878

Pier

Question 879

A reinforced concrete beam distributing the horizontal forces from an eccentrically loaded pile cap or spread footing to otehr pile caps or footings; A reinforced concrete beam supporting a superstructure at or near a ground level and tranferring the load to isolated footings, piers or piles.

Answer 879

Tie Beam Fotting Tie Beam Grade Beam

Question 880

A type of isolated footing having inclined top, sloping towards the edges.

Answer 880

Square Sloped Footing

Question 881

A type of footing that changes levels with the center having the thickest part of the footing.

Answer 881

Stepped Footing

Question 882

A footing having rectanuglar plan.

Answer 882

Rectangular Footing

Question 883

A mat providing a footing on yielding soil, usually for an entire building, placed so that the weight of the displaced soil exceeds the weight of the construction.

Answer 883

Raft Foundation

Question 884

A framework of crossing beams for spreading heavy loads over large areas.

Answer 884

Grillage / Grid Foundation

Question 885

A type of precast footing provided with a socket to receive a preacast column..

Answer 885

Precast Socket Foundation

Question 886

A continuous type of footing intened to support as well as transmit the load imposed by the wall directly to the ground.

Answer 886

Wall Footing

Question 887

A long slender column of wood, steel, or reinforced concrete, driven or hammered vertically into the earth to form part of a foundation system.

Answer 887

Pile

Question 888

Question 889

Types of Composite Piles The timber portion is used below permanent ground water level. The concrete portion is usually cast in place type. This type of composite pile is used for the purpose of reducing total cost of pile and yet the entire length of the pile is considered permanent.

Answer 889

Timber and Concrete Pile

Question 890

Types of Composite Piles Steel pipes or H shape piles are attached to the lower end of a cast in place concrete piles. This type of pile is used in cases where the required length of piles is greater than that available for cast in place type.

Answer 890

Steel and Concrete pile

Question 891

A large enclosure used to enclosed large bodies of water to be removed later on when enclosure is completed. Thus, workers will work on a dry area within surrounding body of water.

Answer 891

Cofferdam

Question 892

Classification of Piles According to Use Used in foundation construction and carries superimposed loads.

Answer 892

Bearing Pile

Question 893

Classification of Piles According to Use Driven at an inclination to resist forces that are not vertical

Answer 893

Batter Pile

Question 894

Used in cofferdam construction to support the horizontal wall that in turn supports vertical sheet piling.

Answer 894

Guide Pile

Question 895

Classification of Piles According to Use Driven at wharves or in front of a large masonry structure to protectthem fro msudden blows.

Answer 895

Fender Pile

Question 896

Structure on shore where boats or cargo docks/

Answer 896

Wharves

Question 897

Classification of Piles According to Use Used to resist lateral pressure of the earth and to form a wall that is intended to be watertight.

Answer 897

Sheet Pile

Question 898

Types of Pile Drivers A type of pile driver which is raised by means of a rope and then allowed to be dropped. Any drop hammer permitted shall weight not less than one half of the pile to be driven. Gravity hammer should weight not less 2000lbs. Height of all hammers shall not be more than 6 meters.

Answer 898

Drop Hammer

Question 899

Types of Pile Drivers A type of pile driver that is automatically raised and dropped a short distance by the action of the steam cylinder and the piston supported in a frame which follows the pile.

Answer 899

Steam pile Hammer

Question 900

Types of Steam Hammer The steam is applied to raise the striking part of the hammer, then allowed to fall by gravity. The force of the blow depends on the length of the stroke and the movable weight. The number of blows per minute depends on the steam pressure.

Answer 900

Single Acting Steam hammer

Question 901

Types of Steam Hammer The steam pressure raises the hammer and also reinforces the action ofgravity during descent. Double acting hammers are more compact, lighter and operates with rapidity.

Answer 901

Double Acting Steam Hammer

Question 902

MEasures to be taken in driving piles The butt of the pile is cut off _____ so that impact of the hammer may be distributed uniformly over the surface.

Answer 902

square

Question 903

MEasures to be taken in driving piles Use _____ or __ to protect the head of a timber pile from brooming and splitting.

Answer 903

rings or pile caps

Question 904

MEasures to be taken in driving piles To facilitate driving the pile true to line or position, the foot should always be cut off ____ to its axis.

Answer 904

Perpendicular

Question 905

A type of construction whose primary structural elementsare formed by a systen of repetitive wood framing members.

Answer 905

Conventional Light Frame Construction

Question 906

Light wood frame construction having a structure and major components with fire resistance ratings at least equal to those specified by authorities.

Answer 906

Protected light wood frame construction

Question 907

Light wood frame construction having no fire-resistance requirements ecept for fire walls and enclosures of fire exits and vertical shafts.

Answer 907

Unprotected light Wood Frame COnstruction

Question 908

A framing system with vertical structural elements of the exterior bearing wlls and partitions consisting of single studs which extend the full height of the frame, from the top of the soleplate to the roof plate, all floor joists are fastened by nails to studs.

Answer 908

Balloon Framing

Question 909

A framing system having subfloor extended to the outer edge of the frame and provide a flat work surface at each other.

Answer 909

Western Framing, Platform Framing

Question 910

These are structural elements, the section of which are composed of built-up lumber, wood stuctural panels or wood structural panels in combination with lumber, all parts bonded together with adhesive.

Answer 910

Glued Built-up Members

Question 911

A structural panel product composed primarily of wood and in meeting with the requirements of Philippine National Standards. Wood structural panels include all-veneer plywood, composite panels containing a combination of veneer and wood based material, and mat formed panel such as oriented stranded board and waferboard.

Answer 911

Wood Structural Lumber

Question 912

\_\_\_\_\_\_ also known as flakeboard, sterling board and aspenite in British English, is a type of engineered wood similar to particle board, formed by adding adhesives and then compressing layers of wood strands in specific orientations. It was invented by Armin Elmendorf in California in 1963.

Answer 912

Oriented strand board,

Question 913

PNS

Answer 913

Philippine National Standards

Question 914

Plywood which is faced with on one or both sides with metal sheathing.

Answer 914

Armored Plywood

Question 915

A narrow strip of wood applied to cover a joint along the edges of two parallel boards in the same plane.

Answer 915

Batten

Question 916

A type of wall cladding for wood frame houses closely spaced, applied boards or sheets of plywood, the joints of which are covered by narrow wood strips.

Answer 916

Board and Batten

Question 917

A log partly or wholly squared off.

Answer 917

Cant

Question 918

A beveled strip of wood or otehr material used especially under built-up roofing where the roofing turns up, providing a gradual transition, used to prevent cracking of roofing applied over it

Answer 918

Cant Strip

Question 919

A carpentry joint done by joining two uneven timbers, each of which is notched at the point where they meet.

Answer 919

Cogged joint

Question 920

Answer 920

Cogged Joint

Question 921

A wood or metal piece used to fasten together the ends of two members with nails or bolts.

Answer 921

Fish Plate

Question 922

Any joists which carries the floor.

Answer 922

Floor Joist

Question 923

A principal beam extending from wall to wall of a building supporting the floor joists of floor beams.

Answer 923

Girder

Question 924

A horizontal timber connecting the posts of a braced frame at an intermediate level above the ground.

Answer 924

Girt

Question 925

Any of a series of small, parallel beams for supporting floors, ceiling or flat roofs.

Answer 925

Joist

Question 926

A slot or cut made in a material such as wood or metal.

Answer 926

Kerf

Question 927

Joining of timbers, usually meeting or crossing at right angles by cutting a dap in one or both pieces.

Answer 927

Nothicng

Question 928

Any stiff, vertical, more or less isolated upright, may be of wood, stone, metal etc/ may support a superstructure or afform a firm point of lateral attachment.

Answer 928

Post

Question 929

S short flat piece of lumber which is bolted, nailed or screwed to two butting pieces in order to splice them together.

Answer 929

Scab

Question 930

A thin piece of wood, metal or stone, usually tapered, which is inserted under one member so as to adjust its height of one surface so that it is flushed with one another.

Answer 930

Shim

Question 931

One of the number of horizontal timbers that are laid on a concrete slab (or on the ground) and to which the flooring is nailed.

Answer 931

Sleeper

Question 932

Any joist resting directly on sleepers.

Answer 932

Sleeper Joist

Question 933

A wood or metal piece used to fasten together the ends of two members with nailes or bolts.

Answer 933

Splice Plate

Question 934

Ant of a series of slender, upright members of wood of metalforming the structure frame of wall or partition.

Answer 934

Stud

Question 935

Structural Code Provision on Wood Quality and Identification All preservative treated wood required to be treated shall be identified by the ____ of an approved inspection agency.

Answer 935

quality mark

Question 936

Structural Code Provision on Wood Plates, sills and sleepers All foundation plates and sleeper on a concrete or masonry slab, which is indirect contact with earth, and sills that rest on concrete or masonry foundation, shall be ___ wood, all marked and branded by an approved agency.

Answer 936

treated

Question 937

Structural Code Provision on Wood Columns and Posts Columns and posts on concrete masonry floors or decks exposed to the weather or to water splash or in basements and which support permanent structure shall be supported by ____ or ____ projecting above the floor unless approved wood of natural resistance to decay or treated wood is used. The pedestal shall project at least ___ mm above exposed earth and at least \_\_\_mm above such floor.

Answer 937

concrete piers metal pedestals 150mm 25mm

Question 938

Structural Code Provision on Wood Colums and Posts Individual concrete or masonry piers at least ___ above exposed ground unless te columns or posts they support are of approved wood of natural resistance to decay and treated wood is used.

Answer 938

200mm above

Question 939

A joint at the intersection of two wood members of equal thickness in which half the thickness of each is removed so that they fit together to form a flushed surface.

Answer 939

Half Lap

Question 940

A small psot supporting the handrail or a coping.

Answer 940

Baluster Banister

Question 941

A series or row of balusters joined by a handrail or coping as the parapet of a balcony.

Answer 941

Balustrade

Question 942

A support for winders which supportsthe steps of a wooden stairs

Answer 942

Bearer

Question 943

A spiral Stairs

Answer 943

Caracole

Question 944

That portion which supports the steps of a wooden stairs.

Answer 944

Carriage

Question 945

A term given to a winding staircase.

Answer 945

Cockel Stair

Question 946

A staircase with steps winding in a circle or cylinder.

Answer 946

Circular Stair

Question 947

A protective cap op, or cover of wall, parapet, pilaster or chimney.

Answer 947

Coping

Question 948

A concave curve on the face of a front string.

Answer 948

Curve out

Question 949

The first step by which a stair is ascecnded, terminating at the end in a form of a scroll following the plan of a handrail.

Answer 949

Curtail Step

Question 950

Those elliptical in plan where each tread assembly converging in an elliptical ring in plan.

Answer 950

Elliptical Stairs

Question 951

A section produced on any inclined plane vertically over a curved plan of a handrail.

Answer 951

Face Mould

Question 952

A band fastened to the face of a front string below the curve and extending the width of a tread.

Answer 952

Fillet

Question 953

The seires of steps leading from one landing to another.

Answer 953

Flight of stairs

Question 954

Steps in a flight that are parallel with each other

Answer 954

Flyer

Question 955

The string on the side of stairs where the handrail is placed.

Answer 955

Front String

Question 956

A flight of stairs supported by a wall at the end of the steps.

Answer 956

Geometrical Stairs

Question 957

The interval between two flights of steps in staircase

Answer 957

Half Space

Question 958

A rail running parallel with the inclination of the stairs that holds the baluster.

Answer 958

Handrail

Question 959

An opeing in thte middle of the staircase as distinguished from solid newel wherein the ends of steps are attched.

Answer 959

Hollow Newel

Question 960

The notches in the string board of a stair for the reception of stairs.

Answer 960

Housing

Question 961

The convex bend at the back of a handrail.

Answer 961

Knee

Question 962

The central column where the steps of a circular staircase wind.

Answer 962

Newel

Question 963

The front edge of a step that project beyond the riser.

Answer 963

Nosing

Question 964

A horizontal member one end iswedged into the wall at the top of the flight of stairs that supports the upper end of the rough stringer.

Answer 964

Piching Piece

Question 965

The angle of inclination of the horizontal of the stairs.

Answer 965

Pitch

Question 966

A slope surface that rises and twists simultaneuously.

Answer 966

Ramp

Question 967

The height of flight of stairs from landing to landing.

Answer 967

Rise

Question 968

The vertical face of a stair step.

Answer 968

Riser

Question 969

Thre preferred ratio between the riser and tread of a stairstep, specified by either of two formulas: R +2T = 24 to 25 R x T = 72 to 75

Answer 969

Riser:Tread Ratio

Question 970

The horizontal distance from the first to the last riser of a stair flight.

Answer 970

Run

Question 971

The angle formed by stairway

Answer 971

Spandrel

Question 972

The steps wherein to ascend or descend from one storey to another

Answer 972

Stairs

Question 973

The whole set of stairs; the structure containing the flight of stairs.

Answer 973

Staircase

Question 974

A metal clip used to hold stair carpet in place.

Answer 974

Stair Clip

Question 975

The initial stair at the top of a flight of stair or starcase.

Answer 975

Stairhead

Question 976

The clear vertical height measured from the nosing of a stair tread to any overhead.

Answer 976

Stair Headroom

Question 977

A building containing a winding stair which usually fills it entirely; a stair enclosure which projecs beyond the building roof.

Answer 977

Stair Turret

Question 978

The assembly consisting of a tread and one riser.

Answer 978

Steps

Question 979

A stair unit which consists of one tread and one riser

Answer 979

Step

Question 980

One having the steps parallel and at right angle to the strings.

Answer 980

Straight Flight of Stairs

Question 981

The part of a flight of stairs which forms its ceiling or soffit, the inclined board which supports the end of the steps.

Answer 981

String Stringer

Question 982

The board next to the well hole which receives the ends of the steps/

Answer 982

String Board

Question 983

The undersurface of an arch or moulding.

Answer 983

Soffit

Question 984

The horizontal part of a step including the nosing.

Answer 984

Tread

Question 985

The dimension of a tread measured perpendicular to the normal line of travel on a stair.

Answer 985

Tread Length

Question 986

A metal fabricated floor plate.

Answer 986

Tread Plate

Question 987

In an open stair, the continuation of the horizontal rounded edge of the tread beyond the stair stringer.

Answer 987

Tread Return

Question 988

The horizontal distance between two consecutive risers or , on an open riser, the horizontal distanc ebetween nosings or the outer edges of successive treads all measured perpendicular to the edges of the nosing or tread.

Answer 988

Tread Run

Question 989

The dimensions of a tread plus the projection of the nosing if any.

Answer 989

Tread Width

Question 990

The baord placed against the wall to receive the end of the step.

Answer 990

Wall String

Question 991

The place occupied by the flight of stairs.

Answer 991

Well

Question 992

The opning in floor at the top of a flight or stairs.

Answer 992

Well Hole

Question 993

A winding staircase enclosed by walls resembling a well.

Answer 993

Well Staircase

Question 994

Steps not parallel with each other.

Answer 994

Winders

Question 995

Any stair constructed chiefly with winders as a geometric or spiral stair.

Answer 995

Winding Stair

Question 996

The whole of a helically curved handral

Answer 996

Wreath

Question 997

Opus meaning

Answer 997

Work

Question 998

A terrazzo installed directly over rough finished concrete slab. A chhemical bonding agent is used if the concrete surface is too smooth for a mechanical bond.

Answer 998

Monolithic Terrazzo

Question 999

A terrazo topping installed over a mortar underbed that is bonded to a rough-finish concrete slab.

Answer 999

Bonded Terrazzo

Question 1000

A pattern formed by inlaying small pieces of stones, tiles, glass or enamel into cement, mortar, or plaster matrix.

Answer 1000

Mosaic

Question 1001

A small squarish piece of colored marble, glass or tile used to make mosaic patterns.

Answer 1001

Tesserae

Question 1002

Types of Mosaic A mosaic of relatively large piece of marble or stone, cut to shape and arranged in geometric patterns, usually a mosaic pavement consisting of geometrical figures in black and red tessearae on white ground.

Answer 1002

Opus Alexandrinum

Question 1003

Masonry formed of small rough stones set irregularly in mortar, sometimes traversed by beds of bricks or tiles,

Answer 1003

Opus Incertum Opus Antiquum

Question 1004

Types of Mosaic Decoration produced either by cutting away the ground and leaving the pattern or by cutting out the pattern so that the opnings form the design.

Answer 1004

Opus Interrasile

Question 1005

Types of Mosaic In ancient Roman masonry, an extremely regular masonry pattern in which stones of uniform length and uniform height are set so that each vertical joint is centered over the block beneath. Horizontal joints are continuous, and the vertical joints are discontinuous straight lines,

Answer 1005

Opus isodomum Isomum Greek Masonry

Question 1006

Roman masonry of bricks or tiles, or of a brick or tile facing on a concrete core,

Answer 1006

Opus Latericium Opus Lateritium

Question 1007

In ancient Greece and rom, any ornamental pavement, such as mosaic.

Answer 1007

Opus Lithostrotum

Question 1008

Types of Mosaic A Roman mosaic decoration employing small cubes of colored glass or enameled work.

Answer 1008

Opus Musivum

Question 1009

Types of Mosaic In ancient Roman masonry, coursed ashlar having courses of unequal height.

Answer 1009

Opus Pseudoisodonum

Question 1010

Types of Mosaic Masonry of squared stones in regular ashlar courses.

Answer 1010

Opus Quadratum

Question 1011

A decorative Roman wall facing, backed by a concrete core, formed of small pyramidal stones with their points embedded in the wall, their exposed square bases, set diagonally forming a net like pattern.

Answer 1011

Opus Reticulatum

Question 1012

Types of Mosaic A kind of pavement formed of slabs or tiles of glass or other material, the pieces having a uniform size (far larger than the tesserae of ordinary mosaic) and being either plain colored or mottled and veined.

Answer 1012

Opus Sectile

Question 1013

An ancient Roman herringbone work.

Answer 1013

Apus spicatum

Question 1014

A type of stucco used in ancient Rome, used to cover walls in three or four coats, the finishing coats being practically an artificial marble, usually polished to serve as a surface for paintings.

Answer 1014

Opus Tectorium

Question 1015

A pavement with designs executed in pieces of different colored tesserae, of larger size and more regular form than the pieces used in mossaic.

Answer 1015

Opus Tesselatum

Question 1016

opus tectorium meaning

Answer 1016

stucco work

Question 1017

In ancient Roman masonry, a facing composed of fragments of broken tile.

Answer 1017

Opus Testaceum

Question 1018

An ancient Roman mosaic of the most delicate and elaborate character, the tesserae are arranged in curved, waving lines, as required by the shading of the design.

Question 1019

A tle block made of concrete, usually with colored surface by adding coloring agent and applying directly on the surface.

Answer 1019

Cement Tile

Question 1020

A tile of varying sizes formed by either dust-pressed or the plastic method, usually 1/4 tp 3/8 inch thick.

Answer 1020

Ceramic Tile

Question 1021

An expensive flooring using marble as the main component. Laid on the floor with white cement or a grout to secure it, a grinding machine is used to smoothen and even the surface after wax is applied.

Answer 1021

Marble Flooring

Question 1022

Floring made of an agglomeration of cement, sand and gravel, usually poured on monolithic slabs as a concrete topping. This type of flooring is used on areas that are subjected to every kind of abuse such as impact, abrasion, sulfate attack by salts and aggressive liquids, it may be provided with non skid surface.

Answer 1022

Concrete Flooring

Question 1023

Concrete suitable for use as a wearing surface finish to floors, made of cement mixed with specially selected aggregate (originally granite chips) of suitable hardness, surface texture and particle shape.

Answer 1023

Granolithic concrete

Question 1024

A floor finish made by mixing an emulsified asphalt with portland cement, sand and gravel, or crushed stones to form a plastic mixture. This is over floor and screeded, compacted and floated to a depth of 1/2 inch.

Answer 1024

Asphalt Mastic Flooring

Question 1025

Manufactured from calcined magnesium oxide and magnesium chloride. These matrials are mixed into a plastic state and applied to floor in two separate coats, totalling 1/2 - 3/4 in thick. An amount of coarse, fibrous filler is mixed with the first coat to give it strength and flexibility. The second coat has no fiber, but color pigment is mixed with it to produce any color or colors required.

Answer 1025

Magnesite Flooring

Question 1026

Pea sized sandstones or pebbles (no 5 10 or 15) are used for this purpose. This is mixed with cement mortar. Brass strips may be provided on the surface in order to contain as well as to provide boundaries of areas being worked on. Sponge is used to remove the cement coating on the surface thereby exposing the pebbles or stones underneath.

Answer 1026

Pebble Washout Flooring

Question 1027

Clay tile which has been glazed so that it is impervious to water and has a high resistance to chemical corrosion.

Answer 1027

Vitrified Clay Tile

Question 1028

A roof sloping downward in two parts from a central ridge, so as to form a gable at each end.

Answer 1028

Gable or PItch Roof

Question 1029

A roof type which resembles a combination of half hip and half gable.

Answer 1029

Dutch Hip

Question 1030

Winged Gable

Answer 1030

actually its a gable that has its eaves extending outward from the surface or edge of a wall. Unlike common gable american houses which their eaves are flushed on the surface of the wall. You get me?

Question 1031

a roof which has four sloping sides, each of which becomes steeper halfway down.

Answer 1031

Mansard Roof

Question 1032

A combination of hip roof and an intersecting gable roof forming a T or I shape plan configuration.

Answer 1032

Hip and Valley

Question 1033

A conically shaped roof, used over building or structure with circular plan configuration.

Answer 1033

Conical or Spire

Question 1034

A domical or half sphere roof used to cap a structure.

Answer 1034

Domical

Question 1035

Basically, a gable type roof but with both eaves extending all the way to the base or ground.

Answer 1035

A frame roof

Question 1036

A series of barrel vaulted roof used to increase the area coverage at the base.

Answer 1036

Vaulted

Question 1037

A series of trinagular shaped roof interconnected at the edge with regular or isoceles shaped triangles.

Answer 1037

Pleated

Question 1038

Rafter that extends at right angle from the plate or girt to the ridge.

Answer 1038

Common Rafter

Question 1039

A rafter forming a hip to a valley.

Answer 1039

Cripple jack, Double jack rafter.

Question 1040

The structural member that supportsthe rafter or truss.

Answer 1040

Girt

Question 1041

A piece of timber laid horizontally on the principal rafters or top chord of a truss to support the common rafters on which the roof covering is laid.

Answer 1041

Purline, Purlin

Question 1042

A structure composed of a combination of members (such as chords, diagonals and web members), usually in some triangular arrangement so as to constitute a rigid framework; a structural frame based on the geometric rigidity of the triangle and composed of linear elements subject only to axial tension or compression A jointed structure which supports vertical, horizontal or inclined loads applied at or between its points of support.

Answer 1042

Truss

Question 1043

Provided with some for of truss.

Answer 1043

Trussed

Question 1044

A truss all of whose member lie in a single plane

Answer 1044

Planar truss or Plane

Question 1045

is made up of simple trusses joined together to form a largertruss

Answer 1045

Compound Truss: A compound truss

Question 1046

A truss consisting of upper and lower horizontal chords, connected by web members which across each other, usually stiffened by joining at the intersections of the braces.

Answer 1046

Lattice Truss

Question 1047

A truss composed of a group of members (in crisscross or zigzag array) instead of solid plates.

Answer 1047

Open Web Truss

Question 1048

A beam. usually timber, reinforced with one or more tie rods; a beam in the form of a truss; braced by one or more vertical psots supported by inclined rods attached to the ends of a beam.

Answer 1048

Trussed Beam, Truss beam

Question 1049

A joist in the form of a truss, as a bar jost.

Answer 1049

Trussed Joist

Question 1050

A girt in the form of a truss, used to support roof truss or rafter.

Answer 1050

Trussed Girt

Question 1051

A rafter in the form of a truss, used to suport purlins.

Answer 1051

Trussed Rafter

Question 1052

A vertical flat truss used to support members subject to lateral wind loads such as curtain wall.

Answer 1052

Trussed Mullion

Question 1053

An open web truss having verticals whhich are rigidly connected to the top and bottom chords but without diagonals.

Answer 1053

Vierendeel Truss or Vierendeel Girder

Question 1054

A three dimensional truss with a triangular end profile and warren or a warren with verticals side profile.

Answer 1054

Delta Truss

Question 1055

Any three dimensional structural framework (eg the rigid frame for a multistory building) as contrasted with a plane frame all of whose elements lie in a single plane)

Answer 1055

Space Frame

Question 1056

A type of truss characterized by having a flat or pitch and having verticals in compression and idagonal web members in tension.

Answer 1056

Pratt Truss

Question 1057

A truss having a flat or pitch chord having vertical web members in tension and diagonal web members in compression.

Answer 1057

Howe Truss

Question 1058

A pitched truss having only an inclined web members

Answer 1058

Belgian Truss

Question 1059

are generally suitable for spans of up to 25 meters with pitches above 12 degrees. This can be transported easily and is idiealy designed for field splicing.

Answer 1059

Fink Truss

Question 1060

Answer 1060

Northlight Truss

Question 1061

A truss being an assemblage of triangles entails three members and three joints for the first triangle, each additional triangle require two additional members but only one joint, hence m = 2j - 3 if m = 2j - 3, truss is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 1061

statically determinate

Question 1062

A truss being an assemblage of triangles entails three members and three joints for the first triangle, each additional triangle require two additional members but only one joint, hence m = 2j - 3 if m is greater than 2j - 3, truss is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 1062

statically indeterminate

Question 1063

A truss being an assemblage of triangles entails three members and three joints for the first triangle, each additional triangle require two additional members but only one joint, hence m = 2j - 3 if m is less than 2j - 3, truss is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 1063

unstable

Question 1064

A broad ridge or pair of ridges projecting at a right angle from the edge of a structural shape in order to strengthen or stiffen it.

Answer 1064

Flange or Stem

Question 1065

A beam structurally connected to a conrete slab so that the beam and slab respond to loads as a unit.

Answer 1065

Composite Beam, Concrete encased Beam

Question 1066

A steel column fabricated fro mrolled or built up steel shapes and encased in structural concrete or fabricated fro mstel pipe or tubing and filed with structural concrete.

Answer 1066

Composite Column

Question 1067

A rigid frame connected to its supports with pin joints. The pin joints prevent high bending stresses from developing by allowing the frame to rotate as a unit when strained by support settlement, and to flex slightly when stressed by changes in temperature.

Answer 1067

Hinged Frame

Question 1068

Types of Construction Beam Column connections have sufficient rigidity t ohold virtually unchanged original angles between intersecting members.

Answer 1068

Type I (Rigid Frame) Continuous Frame

Question 1069

Types of Construction Assumes that in so far as gravity loading is concerned, ends of beams and girders are connected for shear only and are free to rotate under gravity load

Answer 1069

Type II (Simple Framing) Unrestrained, Free Ended

Question 1070

Types of Construction Assumes that the connections of beams and girders possess a dependable and known moment capacity intermediate in degree between the rigidity of Type I and the flexibility of Type II.

Answer 1070

Type III (semi rigid framing) partially restrained

Question 1072

Standard Sizes, Weight and Lengths of Deformed Round Steel Bars unit weight (kg/m) 10mm 12mm 16mm 25mm 40mm

Answer 1072

0. 616kg/m2 0. 888 1. 578 3. 853 9. 865

Question 1073

Bar Deformation Requirements identify Average spacing of Lugs (mm) 10mm dia 12mm dia 16mm dia 20mm dia 32mm dia 40mm dia

Answer 1073

7mm 8. 4mm 11. 2mm 14mm 22.4mm 28mm

Question 1074

ASTM designation for 6mm

Answer 1074

No. 2 (1/4") add 1/8 for every number designation

Question 1075

Paint and Surface Coating Product Identify Spreading Rate Clear Penetration primer Varnish Flat Wall Enamel Oil Wood Stain MAsonry Neutralizer Smi Gloss Latex

Answer 1075

40 - 50sqm per liter 25 - 30 sqm per gallon 25 - 35sqm per gallon 20 - 30 sqm per gallon 30 - 40 sqm per gallom 25 - 30 sqm per gallon

Question 1076

Fiber Cement board sizes and thickness:

Answer 1076

4ft x 8 ft 3. 5mm 4. 5 6 9 12mm

Question 1077

CHB Plaster Volume per Block

Answer 1077

.0015 if 1 face .003 if 2 faces applicable for 4 x 8 16 6 x 8 x 16 8 x 8 x 16

Question 1078

Answer 1078

Jackbilt T joist

Question 1079

Answer 1079

Question 1080

Answer 1080

Question 1081

Answer 1081

Question 1082

Answer 1082

Question 1083

\_\_\_\_\_\_ were overlapping roof tiles used in ancient Greek and Roman architecture as a waterproof and durable roof covering. They were made predominantly of fired clay, but also sometimes of marble, bronze or gilt. In Rome, they replaced wooden shingles, and were used on almost every type of structure, from humble outbuildings to grand temples and public facilities.

Answer 1083

The imbrex and tegula (plurals imbrices and tegulae)

Question 1084

Draw Detail Reducing Column from ground floor to second floor on Center Column

Answer 1084

Question 1085

Draw Detail Transition of REinforcing bars fro Ground Floor To Second Floor on Edge Column

Answer 1085

Question 1086

Draw Detail Tegula roofing Valley Gutter Detail

Answer 1086

Question 1087

Draw Detail Tegula roofing With gutter

Answer 1087