Building Utilities by JPT Flashcards
Telephone
Who developed the telephone?
Alexander Graham Bell
Telephone
the device operates princially by converting sound waves to electrical signals (transmitter), and electrical signals to sound waves(receiver).
Telephone has 3 main parts, what are these?
- Speaker (the upper portion made out of plastic or metal, “receiver”
- Microphone (transmitter)(the lower portion (converts sound waves to electrical signals that goes to the other telephone and becomes a soundwave)
- Hook Switch
Telephone
contains a device called _____ to block the sound of your voice from reaching your ear. Modern telephone includes a ___ so it can ring and a touch-tone keypad and frequency generator.
duplex coil
bell
Telephone
traditional landline telephone system, known as ______, handles signaling and audio information on the same twisted pair of insulated wiere: the telephone line.
Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS)
Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) refers to the basic voice service traditionally transmitted over the copper wire network. The sound waves of a caller’s voice are converted by the telephone handset into electrical signals that travel over the network. The copper network is prone to interference, and the signal may weaken over distance, thus requiring amplification along the way.
Process of POTS
from telephone to the drop cable,
from the drop cable to the Transmitter Terminal
from the terminal to the Central Phone Office Co.
from Central Phone Office Co. to another Central Phoone Office Co (this happens when the receiver of the call if too far from the caller)
from the final Central Phone Office Co. to the Receiver Terminal
from Terminal to Telephone where Call may be received.
what is a Handset?
A mobile Phone
Telephone
The signaling equipment consists of a bell, beeper, light or other deviceo alert users to incoming calls. A ____ is preferred as it is more effective at rejecting electromagnetic interference (EMI) and crosstalk than an ____.
twisted pair line
untwisted pair line
Twisted pair line is a cable to transmit soundwaves from telephones.
Cables designed for speech communication, made out of copper
Electromagnetic interference,
abbreviated EMI, is the interference caused by anelectromagnetic disturbance affecting the performance of a device, transmission channel, or system. It is also called radio frequency interference, or RFI, when theinterference is in the radio frequency spectrum.
Telephone
Consists of an alerting device (a ringer) that remains connected to the phone line whenever the phone is “on hook”. Other components connected when the phone is “off hook” include a _____, a ____ and other circuits for dialing, filtering and amplification. A calling party wishing to speak to another party picks up the telephone’s handset, operating a button switch or _____
transmitter (microphone)
receiver (speaker)
switchhook
How Telephone Works?
When a person speaks into a telephone, the sound waves created by his voice enter the mouthpiece. An electric current carries the sound to the telephone of the person he is talking to. A telephone has two main parts: (1) the transmitter and (2) the receiver.
The Transmitter of a telephone serves as a sensitive “electric ear.” It lies behind the mouthpiece of the phone. Like the human ear, the transmitter has an 14 eardrum.” The eardrum of the telephone is a thin, round metal disk called a diaphragm. When a person talks into the telephone, the sound waves strike the diaphragm and make it vibrate. The diaphragm vibrates at various speeds, depending on the variations in air pressure caused by the varying tones of the speaker’s voice.
Telephone: How dial tone works
Circuitry has low resitance (less than ____ ohms) which causes DC (48volts, nominal) from the telephone exchange to flow through the line. The ______ detects this DC, attaches a digit receiver circuit to the line, and sends a dial to the indicate readiness.
300 ohms
Exchange
Telephone
Bottons are connected to a tone generator circuit that produces DTMF tones which end up at a circuit at the exchange. A _____ telephone employs pulse dialing, sending electrical pulses corresponding to the telephone number to the exchange.
rotary dial
DTMF
(dual tone multi frequency) is the signal to the phone company that you generate when you press an ordinary telephone’s touch keys. In the United States and perhaps elsewhere, it’s known as “Touchtone” phone (formerly a registered trademark of AT&T). DTMF has generally replaced loop disconnect (“pulse”) dialling.
AT&T meaning
American Telephone & Telegraph
_____ are widely used as parts of electrical circuits in many common electrical devices. Unlike a resistor, it does not dissipate energy. Instead, it stores energy in the form of an electrostatic field between its plates.
Capacitors
Telephone
_______ are long, thin strands of very pure glass about the diameter of a human hair. They are arranged in bundles called optical cables and used to transmit light signals over long distances
Fiber optics (optical fibers)
Telephone:
When “on hook” it means it is
Inactive
telephone
____ and _____ are used for communication over long distance.
Satelite technolog and fiber optic cable
A ____ is a document sent over a telephone line.
Fax (facsimile)
what is the advantage of Fax over the internet based sending of documents?
the Security, transmission of sensitive material, they cant unkrypt the material, unlike in the internet, they may unencrpyt the material.
eg. Military communications
Communication through a cable.
Telecommunication
How Fax Works?
Fax is sended and encoded by fax machine,
then transmission happens by a telephone network
then, receive and printed by decoding what has been encoded by the sender.
PLDT
PLDT Inc., (PSE: TEL, NYSE: PHI), formerly known as the Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company
PBX
Private Branch Exchange
________ which is a private telephone network used within a company or organization. The users of the system can communicate internally (within their company) and externally (with the outside world), using different communication channels like Voice over IP, ISDN or analog. This system also allows you to have more phones than physical phone lines (PTSN) and allows free calls between users. Additionally, it provides features like transfer calls, voicemail, call recording, interactive voice menus (IVRs) and call queues.
PBX stands for Private Branch Exchange,
What is PSTN?
Public Switch Telephone Network
This system only activates in a PBX,
when a company with PBX calls externally from their premise, telephone company will connect them to the PSTN.
PBX may be located in:
Premise (within the building)
Cloud (on the internet)
Hybrid (combination)
when PBX is located in a CLOUD, it is no longer called PBX, rather a ____.
Unified Communication (UC Solution)
From the technology perspective, there are four different types of phones or end points on a PBX:
This are the methods or types you can use from the IP PBX (the main component) to the different substation (eg. telephone 1, telephone 2)
Analog,
Digital,
Voice over IP, and
Session Initiation Protocol (or SIP)
To get to the PSTN (a public telecom network), a PBX must use either a ______ or ______.
telecommunications service provider (TSP) or an
internet service provider (ISP) such as AT&T, CenturyLink, Sprint, etc.
A ____ is a communications line or link designed to carry multiple signals simultaneously to provide network access between two points.
trunk
Trunks typically connect switching centers in a communications system. The signals can convey any type of communications data.
see PBX, trunk lines, (eg. PBX to PSTN)
, there are four different types of phones or end points on a PBX:
One of this is the VoIP, explain
Voice over Internet Protocol
Its a plug and play business phone that will let people to make telephone calls online to other VoIP services and other conventional users.
It has more quality than Analog
there are four different types of phones or end points on a PBX:
This type is a signaling protocol used for initiating, maintaining, and terminating real-time sessions that include voice, video and messaging applications.
The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
Cable Type:
Cable for CaTV, Cables from Antenna of the providers
COAX
CoAxial Cable
CaTV vs TV Broadcasting
CaTV (Cable Television) is through cables; run through (Radio Frequency Signals)
TV Broadcasting is through Antenna; via Radio Waves
a system in which television programs are transmitted to the sets of subscribers by cable rather than by a broadcast signal.
Cable Television
is a system of providing television to onsumers via radio frequency signalstransmitted to television through fixed optical fibers or coaxial cables as opposed to the over the air method used in traditional television broadcasting (via radio waves), in which antenna is required.
Cable Television CATV
A glass core where it reflects light signals with minimum loss of strength.
Optical Fiber
1970: The incorporation of this cable means carrying CATV signals over longs distances, it does not suffer the same signal losses as coaxial cable, which eliminated the need for so many amplifiers.
Fiber Optics
CATV mean Cable TV, but originall stood for _____,
from cable television’s origins in 1948, in areas where over the air reception was limited by distance from transmitters or mountainous terrain, large “community antennas” were constructed and cable was run from them to individual homes.
Community Antenna Television
The ____ is where the cable system receives programming from various sources (eg. ABS CBN), assigns the programming to channels and retransmits it onto cables.
HEad End
How CATV processing works
At the regional headend, the TV channels are sent multiplexed on a light beam which travels through optical fiber trunklines, which fan out from distribution hubs to optical nodes in local communities. Here the light signal from the fiber is translated to a radio frequency electrical signal, which is distributed through coaxial cable to individual subscriber homes.
1989: Using MPEG compression, CATV systems installed today can transmit up to 10 channels of video in the 6MHz bandwidth of a single analog channel, when combined with a 550 MHZ overall bandwidth, this allows you to have a nearly 1000 channels of video system.
What does MPEG stands for?
Moving Picture Experts Group
HPC
Hybrid Fiber Coax
a combination of optic fiber and coax
used in CATV processing, from HEADEND to Distribution Hub,
Distribution Hub to Optical Nodes (meaning Reginal or the Consumer, per TV), the coaxial was used, because fiber optics are costly.
MHz meaning
Transmission of speed of electronic devices.
1Million cycles per second
Analog means
directly getting the natural wave, (eg. recoding in a recorder produces analog waves)
A cable that allows to be installed next to metal objects such as gutters without the power losses that occur in other transmission lines, and provides protection of the signal from external electromagnetic interference.
Coaxial Cable
_____ has sp many jackets that prevent radio waves from losing, thus, reducing power loss.
it is also much more efficient than Shield Cable, although they both has the same function.
COAX
Common values of characteristic impedance for coaxial cable are ___ and __ ohms.
50and 75 ohms
CATV
Coax Cable
The inner conductor might be solid or stranded. Stranded is more ___
flexible
Coax
A common choice for insulator (insulator means dielectric, capable of transmitting electricity without conduction) for Coax are:
PE (solid polyethylene)
PTFE (Solod Teflon) - Polytetrafluoroethylene
what is RF Connectors?
RF connectors are typically used with coaxial cables and are designed to maintain the shielding that the coaxial design offers.
Impedance
resistance in AC
resistnace and reactance
A ____ system is an electronic amplification system with a mixer, amplified, and loudspeakers, used to reinforce a given sound, eg. a person making a speec, a DJ playing prerecorded music, and distributing the sound throughout the venue or building.
Public Address System, PA
3 components of PA system
sound source
amplified
loudspeaker
Public Address System
The ____ is nomally a microphone or a playback device such as a cassette deck or a CD player, The sound source produces an electrical signal that represents the sound.
Sound Sources
Public Address System
The ____ is used to increase the level of the electrical signal from the sound source so that it can be heard at sufficient volume from the loudspeaker.
Amplifier
Public Address System
The ____ is the device which converts the electrical impulses from the amplified into vibrations in the air which our ear interprets as sounds.
Loudspeaker
Stages of PA systems
- Input Sources
- Preamplified signals are then passed into the amplifiers
- Amplifiers will amplift the audio signals to 50V to 100V speaker line level.
- Control Equipment Monitors the amplifiers and speaker lines for faults before it reaches the lounspeakers.
Stranded wire AWG sizes
AWG gauges are also used to describe stranded wire. In this case, it describes a wire which is equal in cross-sectional area to the total of all the cross-sectional areas of the individual strands;
the gaps between strands are not counted. When made with circular strands, these gaps occupy about ___ of the wire area, thus requiring a wire about ___ thicker than equivalent solid wire.
10%
5%
Stranded wires are specified with three numbers,
- the overall AWG size,
- the number of strands, and the
- AWG size of a strand.
The number of strands and the AWG of a strand are separated by a slash. For example, a 22 AWG 7/30 stranded wire is a ______
22 AWG wire made from seven strands of 30 AWG wire.
Paging system is usually incorporated through ___.
PBX
from IP PBX port goes to VoIP Audio Output then connect it to Analog Amplifiers, from Amplifiers to Paging Speakers.
Other terms for PBX
EPABX - Electronic Private Automatic Branch Exchange
PABX - Private Automatic Branch Exchange
Telephone Paging System
____ loudspeakers often used to broadcast sound to outdoor locations.
Horn loudspeaker
An electronic device to increase the wattage (power) of the signal.
Amplifier
Paging System
____ describes any Public Address system in which the architecture is distributed, normally across a wide geographic area. Systems of this type are commonly found in the rail, light rail, and metro industries.
Long Line Public Address (LLPA)
PA systems
In a concert setting, there are typically two complete PA systems: the ___ system and the __ system. Each system consists of microphones, a mixing board, sound processing equipment, amplified and speakers.
Main
Monitor
PA System in Concert Setting
uses a number of powerful amplifiers driving a range of large, heavy duty loudspeakers including low frequency speaker cabinets called subwoofers, full range speaker cabinets and high range horns. A large club may use amplifiers to provide 3000 to 5000 watts of power.
an outdoor concert may use 10,000 or more watts.
The Main System or
Front of House (FOH
Low Frequency Speaker cabinets (meaning, its use may be for bass sounds only)
Subwoofer
PA System in Concert Setting
reproduces the sounds of the performance and directs them towards the onstage performers to help them to hear the instruments and vocals.
500 to 1000 watts of power
The MOnitor System or the Fold Back in British English
CAT 5 Cable
Category 5 cable
used for computer networks and Digital Intercom
Intercom meaning, inside communications
An _______ , talkback or doorphone is a stand-alone voice communicationssystem for use within a building or small collection of buildings, functioning independently of the public telephone network
intercom (intercommunication device)
Systems of Intercom
Composed of analog electronics components and has interface that may be based on digital connections (eg. Video signals can be interlaced with the more familiar audio networks as a means of interfacing distant parties.
This system can be found in fixed locations like Homes, Trains, and Stations)
Permanent Systems
Systems of Intercom
are commonly used in special event production crew, professional sports teams, performing arts venues,
Portable System
is the automatic centralized control of a building’s heating, ventilation and air conditioning, lighting and other systems
Building Automation System (BAS)
Infrastructure of a Building Automation System (7)
Controller (main controls from a computer system)
Occupancy (the preset of the occupants, eg. morning set, evening set)
Lighting (eg. Dimming of lights, and control of lights)
Air Handling (controlling volume of air)
Central Plant (Controlling Chilled and hot water system)
Alarms and Security (CCTV and voicecalls)
Information Security (prevention for hackers)
A ______ is a form of gate which allows one person to pass at a time. It can also be made so as to enforce one-way traffic of people, and in addition, it can restrict passage only to people who insert a coin, a ticket, a pass, or similar.
turnstile, also called a baffle gate or turnstyle,
is a bar, or pole pivoted to allow the boom to block vehicular or pedestrian access through a controlled point.[1] Typically the tip of a boom gate rises in a vertical arc to a near vertical position. Boom gates are often counterweighted, so the pole is easily tipped. Boom gates are often paired either end to end, or offset appropriately to block traffic in both directions.
A boom barrier, also known as a boom gate,
BAS Components
is a control device that detects, reports and acts on hazardous fires in buildings.
When a device is connected to the panel is activated (eg. smoke detectors, heat detectors, sprinkler flow switches or alarm is set off automatically), this compenent will directly call the fire deparment via a so called Alarm Transportation System
Fire Alarm Control Panel
Two basic types of Smoke detectors are current manufacture for residential use:
uses an optical beam to search for smoke. When smoke particles cloud the beam, a photoelectric cell senses the decrease in light intensity and triggers an alarm.
Photoelectric Smoke Detector
Two types of Smoke Detectors
is quicker sensing flaming fires that produce little smoke. It employs a radioactive material to ionize the air in a sensing chamber, the presence of smoke affects the flow of the ions between a pair of electrodes which triggers the alarm.
Ionization Chamber Smoke Detector (ICSD)
BAS Components
is a stand-alone intercom system used to manage calls made at the entrance to a building (residential complex, detached family home, workplace, etc.) with access controlled by audiovisual communication between the inside and outside. The main feature is that it enables the person indoors to identify the visitor and, if (and only if) they wish, engage in conversation and/or open the door to allow access to the person calling.
Video door-phone (also known as video door entry or video intercom)
Thsi is a technological method for preventing shoplifting from retail stores or pilferage of books from libraries Special tags are fixed to merchandise or books were it is detected by a system if it not removed.
EAS - Electronic Article Surveilance
______ is a form of wireless communication that incorporates the use of electromagnetic or electrostatic coupling in the radio frequency portion of the electromagnetic spectrum to uniquely identify an object, animal or person.
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
