Voice, Swallowing and Airway Obstruction Flashcards

1
Q

Difference between

  • hoarse voice/dysphonia
  • dysarthria
  • dysphasia
A

Laryngeal problem
Dysphonia - rough, harsh, breathy quality of voice

Motor speech disorder affecting motor cortex, cranial nerves, PD
Dysarthria - poor articulation due to motor coordination problems

Central impairment of language (receptive or expressive)
Dysphasia - difficulty understanding or expressing language

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2
Q

Functions of the larynx

A

Airway protection

Respiration - must be open to breathe

Phonation - coordination needed to speak
-air supply, vibratory source (true vocal folds), resonating chamber

Valsalva - hard glottic closure needed to increase intraabdo pressure

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3
Q

Important cortical areas needed for speech

A

Broca’s
Wernicke’s
Primary motor cortex
-motor area for laryngeal and oral musculature very deep PMC

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4
Q

Anatomy of the larynx and the functions of the main structures

A

Ant => post
Base of tongue
Epiglottis - cartilage that flips over when you swallow
False and true vocal folds - open and close to aid phonation and breathing
Arytenoid cartilage

Inf => sup
Tracheal rings
Cricoid cartilage
Thyroid cartilage - surrounds muscles and vocal folds needed in phonation
-notched at the front => Adam's apple
Hyoid bone
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5
Q

Nerve supply of larynx

A

Motor, sensory => VAGUS

Superior laryngeal

  • Internal branch enters via hyoidthyroid membrane=> sensory to area ABOVE vocal folds
  • External branch => motor to CRICOTHYROID ONLY

Recurrent laryngeal

  • sensory to area BELOW vocal folds
  • motor to ALL INTRINSIC LARYNGEAL MUSCLES EXCEPT CRICOTHYROID

Cricothyroid muscle - vital in changing pitch
-external muscle that wraps around thyroid cartilage

Intrinsic laryngeal muscles involved in vocal fold abduction and adduction

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6
Q

ABDuction of cords

A

Post cricoarytenoid muscles =>
-found in poosterior aspect of larynx

Pull on arytenoids => pivot and open vocal folds

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7
Q

ADDuction of cords

A

Lat, transverse, thyroarytenoid muscles => close vocal folds

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