Voice, Swallowing and Airway Obstruction Flashcards
Difference between
- hoarse voice/dysphonia
- dysarthria
- dysphasia
Laryngeal problem
Dysphonia - rough, harsh, breathy quality of voice
Motor speech disorder affecting motor cortex, cranial nerves, PD
Dysarthria - poor articulation due to motor coordination problems
Central impairment of language (receptive or expressive)
Dysphasia - difficulty understanding or expressing language
Functions of the larynx
Airway protection
Respiration - must be open to breathe
Phonation - coordination needed to speak
-air supply, vibratory source (true vocal folds), resonating chamber
Valsalva - hard glottic closure needed to increase intraabdo pressure
Important cortical areas needed for speech
Broca’s
Wernicke’s
Primary motor cortex
-motor area for laryngeal and oral musculature very deep PMC
Anatomy of the larynx and the functions of the main structures
Ant => post
Base of tongue
Epiglottis - cartilage that flips over when you swallow
False and true vocal folds - open and close to aid phonation and breathing
Arytenoid cartilage
Inf => sup Tracheal rings Cricoid cartilage Thyroid cartilage - surrounds muscles and vocal folds needed in phonation -notched at the front => Adam's apple Hyoid bone
Nerve supply of larynx
Motor, sensory => VAGUS
Superior laryngeal
- Internal branch enters via hyoidthyroid membrane=> sensory to area ABOVE vocal folds
- External branch => motor to CRICOTHYROID ONLY
Recurrent laryngeal
- sensory to area BELOW vocal folds
- motor to ALL INTRINSIC LARYNGEAL MUSCLES EXCEPT CRICOTHYROID
Cricothyroid muscle - vital in changing pitch
-external muscle that wraps around thyroid cartilage
Intrinsic laryngeal muscles involved in vocal fold abduction and adduction
ABDuction of cords
Post cricoarytenoid muscles =>
-found in poosterior aspect of larynx
Pull on arytenoids => pivot and open vocal folds
ADDuction of cords
Lat, transverse, thyroarytenoid muscles => close vocal folds